185 lines
16 KiB
XML
185 lines
16 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fællajyn</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
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<biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_fællajyn" xml:lang="os">
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<form xml:id="form_d5466e66" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>fællajyn</orth><form xml:id="form_d5466e68" type="participle"><orth>fællad</orth></form></form>
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<form xml:id="form_d5466e71" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>fællajun</orth><form xml:id="form_d5466e73" type="participle"><orth>fællad</orth></form></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d5466e76"><sense xml:id="sense_d5466e77"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>уставать</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>get tired</q>
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</abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d5466e86"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>утомляться</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>fatigue</q>
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</abv:tr></sense></sense>
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<re xml:id="re_d5466e96">
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<form xml:id="form_d5466e98" type="lemma"><orth>fællad</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d5466e101"><sense xml:id="sense_d5466e102"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>усталый</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>tired</q>
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</abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d5466e111"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>усталость</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>tiredness</q>
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</abv:tr></sense></sense>
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</re>
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<re xml:id="re_d5466e122">
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<form xml:id="form_d5466e124" type="lemma"><orth>fællad waʒyn</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d5466e127"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>отдыхать</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>rest</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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</re>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d5466e139">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d5466e141">
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<quote>jæ kʼax næ fællad</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>его нога не уставала</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>his leg did not get tired</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/><biblScope>50</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d5466e160">
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<quote>bafællad kæwynæj binonty kæstær</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>устал от плача младший член семьи</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>the younger family member is tired of crying</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/><biblScope>45</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d5466e179">
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<quote>fyng… wazægæn jæ fællad safy</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>(накрытый) стол устраняет усталость гостя</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>a set table removes the fatigue of a guest</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/><biblScope>105</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d5466e198">
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<quote>cy cyd fækodton, cy fællad badæn, æna!</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>как (много) я ходил, как я устал, мать!</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>how much I walked, how tired I am, mother!</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Munk."/><biblScope>82</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d5466e217">
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<quote>fællady dwag</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>божество усталых</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>deity of the tired</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="ru"> (?)</note>
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="en"> (?)</note>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/><biblScope>IV
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122</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Вероятно, восходит к <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5466e371" xml:id="mentioned_d5466e246" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
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<w>*para-mrā-</w></mentioned> через ступени <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*fæl-mra</hi> → <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fæl-ra-</hi> →
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">fælla-</hi>. Глагол <hi rendition="#rend_italic">mra-</hi> ← <hi rendition="#rend_italic">mla-</hi> ← <hi rendition="#rend_italic">mle-</hi> ← <hi rendition="#rend_italic">mel-</hi> —
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общеиндоевропейский. Исходное значение — ‘размягчать(ся) путем мятия, дубления,
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растирания’. Ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5466e376" xml:id="mentioned_d5466e251" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>mrā-</w>
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<gloss><q>размягчать</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5466e384" xml:id="mentioned_d5466e259" xml:lang="ae"><w/>
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<gloss><q>дубить</q></gloss></mentioned> (в <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5466e390" xml:id="mentioned_d5466e265" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>mrātəm čarəma</w>
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<gloss><q>дубленая кожа</q></gloss></mentioned>), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5466e398" xml:id="mentioned_d5466e273" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>mla-</w>
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<gloss><q>становиться вялым, дряблым</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5466e407" xml:id="mentioned_d5466e282" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w/>
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<gloss><q>слабеть</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5466e413" xml:id="mentioned_d5466e288" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w/>
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<gloss><q>млеть</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5466e419" xml:id="mentioned_d5466e294" xml:lang="ga"><lang/>
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<w>mláith</w>
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<gloss><q>мягкий</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5466e427" xml:id="mentioned_d5466e302" xml:lang="ga"><w/>
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<gloss><q>нежный</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5466e433" xml:id="mentioned_d5466e308" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
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<w>βλάξ</w>
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<gloss><q>слабый</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5466e441" xml:id="mentioned_d5466e316" xml:lang="grc"><w/>
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<gloss><q>вялый</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5466e448" xml:id="mentioned_d5466e323" xml:lang="grc"><w/>
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<gloss><q>ленивый</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5466e454" xml:id="mentioned_d5466e329" xml:lang="la"><lang/>
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<w>flaccus</w>
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<gloss><q>дряблый</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5466e462" xml:id="mentioned_d5466e337" xml:lang="la"><w/>
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<gloss><q>вислый</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d5466e343" xml:lang="la"><w/>
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<gloss><q>вислоухий</q></gloss></mentioned>. Исходя из метатезы <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*mle-</hi> ||
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">*mel-</hi>, относят сюда же индоевропейские слова со значением ‘молоть’,
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‘мельница’ (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5466e468" xml:id="mentioned_d5466e349" xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
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<w n="0">млѣти</w>
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<gloss><q>молоть</q></gloss></mentioned> и пр.). Вс. <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Миллер</hi> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/><biblScope>64</biblScope></bibl>) делит <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fæ-llajyn</hi> на <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fæ-mlā-y-un</hi>,
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забывая, что для осетинского надо исходить из формы <hi rendition="#rend_italic">mrā-</hi>, а не <hi rendition="#rend_italic">mlā-</hi> (ср.
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5466e480" xml:id="mentioned_d5466e363" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>mrā-</w></mentioned>); а в этом случае появление <hi rendition="#rend_italic">I</hi> остается
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необъяснимым. Если же исходить из <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fæl-mrā-</hi>, то <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ll</hi> окажется естественным
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результатом упрощения и ассимиляции группы <hi rendition="#rend_italic">-lmr-</hi>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">It probably traces back to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5466e246" xml:id="mentioned_d5466e371" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
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<w>*para-mrā-</w></mentioned> through the stages <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*fæl-mra</hi> → <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fæl-ra-</hi>
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→ <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fælla-</hi>. The verb <hi rendition="#rend_italic">mra-</hi> ← <hi rendition="#rend_italic">mla-</hi> ← <hi rendition="#rend_italic">mle-</hi> ← <hi rendition="#rend_italic">mel-</hi> is a general
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Indo-European verb. The initial meaning is ‘soften by crushing, tanning,
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rubbing’. Cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5466e251" xml:id="mentioned_d5466e376" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>mrā-</w>
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<gloss><q>soften</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5466e259" xml:id="mentioned_d5466e384" xml:lang="ae"><w/>
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<gloss><q>tan</q></gloss></mentioned> (in <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5466e265" xml:id="mentioned_d5466e390" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>mrātəm čarəma</w>
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<gloss><q>tanned leather</q></gloss></mentioned>), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5466e273" xml:id="mentioned_d5466e398" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>mla-</w>
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<gloss><q>become faded, flabby</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5466e282" xml:id="mentioned_d5466e407" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w/>
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<gloss><q>weaken</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5466e288" xml:id="mentioned_d5466e413" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w/>
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<gloss><q>faint</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5466e294" xml:id="mentioned_d5466e419" xml:lang="ga"><lang/>
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<w>mláith</w>
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<gloss><q>soft</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5466e302" xml:id="mentioned_d5466e427" xml:lang="ga"><w/>
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<gloss><q>tender</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5466e308" xml:id="mentioned_d5466e433" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
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<w>βλάξ</w>
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<gloss><q>weak</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5466e316" xml:id="mentioned_d5466e441" xml:lang="grc"><w/>
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<gloss><q>flabby</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5466e323" xml:id="mentioned_d5466e448" xml:lang="grc"><w/>
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<gloss><q>lazy</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5466e329" xml:id="mentioned_d5466e454" xml:lang="la"><lang/>
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<w>flaccus</w>
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<gloss><q>flaccid</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5466e337" xml:id="mentioned_d5466e462" xml:lang="la"><w/>
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<gloss><q>lop-eared</q></gloss></mentioned>. Basing on the metathesis
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">*mle-</hi> || <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*mel-</hi>, some people relate to it Indo-European words with the
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meaning ‘grind’, ‘mill’ (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5466e349" xml:id="mentioned_d5466e468" xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
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<w>mlěti</w>
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<gloss><q>grind</q></gloss></mentioned> и пр.). Ws. <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Miller</hi> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/><biblScope>64</biblScope></bibl>) divides <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fæ-llajyn</hi> into
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">fæ-mlā-y-un</hi>, forgetting that for Ossetic one should base on the form
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">mrā-</hi>, not on the <hi rendition="#rend_italic">mlā-</hi> (cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5466e363" xml:id="mentioned_d5466e480" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>mrā-</w></mentioned>); and in this case the appearance of <hi rendition="#rend_italic">I</hi> remains
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unexplained. On the contrary, if one bases on <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fæl-mrā-</hi>, then <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ll</hi> will
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turn out to be a natural result of the simplification and assimilation of the
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group <hi rendition="#rend_italic">-lmr-</hi>.</etym>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI>
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