135 lines
12 KiB
XML
135 lines
12 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">gūcʼa</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
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<biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_gūcʼa" xml:lang="os-x-iron">
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<form xml:id="form_d5956e66" type="lemma"><orth>gūcʼa</orth></form>
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<sense n="1" xml:id="sense_gūcʼa.1"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>зоб у птиц</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>(bird's) craw</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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<sense n="2" xml:id="sense_gūcʼa.2"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>глотка</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>gullet</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d5956e92">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d5956e94">
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<quote>kark k˳y argævstam, wæd jæ gūcʼa nartxory næmg˳ytæj jeʒag
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razyndī</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>когда мы зарезали курицу, зоб у ней оказался полон кукурузных
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зерен</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>when we killed a chicken, her craw was full of corn kernels</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d5956e111">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d5956e113">
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<quote>saw gūcʼa</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>черна глотка</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>black gullet</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="ru"> (бранное выражение о злом и скаредном
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человеке)</note>
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="en"> (abusive expression about an evil and
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stingy person)</note>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Наличие смычно-гортанного <hi rendition="#rend_italic">cʼ</hi> побуждает искать кавказскую
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этимологию. Действительно, в соседних языках находим надежные соответствия:
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5956e250" xml:id="mentioned_d5956e137" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
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<w>k’uč’i</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="ru"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Саба"/></bibl>)</note>
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<gloss><q>внутренности птицы</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5956e263" xml:id="mentioned_d5956e150" xml:lang="ka"><w/>
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<gloss><q>желудок</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5956e269" xml:id="mentioned_d5956e156" xml:lang="sva"><lang/>
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<w>k’vič’</w>
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<gloss><q>зоб у птиц</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5956e277" xml:id="mentioned_d5956e164" xml:lang="kbd"><lang/>
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<w>kʼocʼ, kʼocʼəc</w>
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<gloss><q>желудок</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5956e285" xml:id="mentioned_d5956e172" xml:lang="ani"><lang/>
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<w>ǧwaǧaci</w>
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<gloss><q>живот</q></gloss></mentioned>. Дальнейшие связи ведут, однако, к
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иранским языкам: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5956e294" xml:id="mentioned_d5956e181" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
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<w>*kūčā, *kūcak (qwč’, kwč’k)</w>
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<gloss><q>рот</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5956e302" xml:id="mentioned_d5956e189" xml:lang="sog"><w/>
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<gloss><q>глотка</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_C._Salemann._Man._II"/><biblScope>548</biblScope></bibl>. —
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Benveniste._TSP"/><biblScope>199%l295%l</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Henning._BBB"/><biblScope>62%l518%l</biblScope></bibl>),
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5956e320" xml:id="mentioned_d5956e207" xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
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<w>gat(ä)</w>
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<gloss><q>глотка у птиц</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Зарубин._Бел."/><biblScope>1 160</biblScope></bibl>:
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">…duén čūčágāni guta gipt ki pkušīt</hi> „…охватил за глотку обоих птенчиков,
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чтобы убить их“); ср. также <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5956e333" xml:id="mentioned_d5956e220" xml:lang="x-nuristan"><lang/>
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<w>kūc</w>
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<gloss><q>нутро</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5956e341" xml:id="mentioned_d5956e228" xml:lang="x-nuristan"><w/>
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<gloss><q>живот</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_NTS"/><biblScope>VII 94</biblScope></bibl>). Дальнейшее не
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ясно. Возможно, что кавказские варианты идут из иранского, а осетинское
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">gucʼа</hi> (со смычно-гортанным) из кавказских (грузинского). Озвончение
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начального согласного — диссимилятивное. Конечный <hi rendition="#rend_italic">a</hi>, как в других грузинских
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заимствованиях (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_syxyrna"/> и др.). Это не
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единственный случай, когда иранские слова вошли в осетинский через грузинское
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посредство; ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cʼaj"/> ‘колодец’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_gollag"/> ‘мешок’ и др. Не представляет ли <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ʒyx"/> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">cʼux</hi> ‘рот’ старую метатезу из <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*kuč</hi> (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">kuč</hi>
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|| <hi rendition="#rend_italic">čuk</hi>)?</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">The presence of ejective <hi rendition="#rend_italic">cʼ</hi> prompts the search for Caucasian
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etymology. Indeed, in neighboring languages there are reliable correspondences:
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5956e137" xml:id="mentioned_d5956e250" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
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<w>k’uč’i</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="en"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Саба"/></bibl>)</note>
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<gloss><q>entrails of a bird</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5956e150" xml:id="mentioned_d5956e263" xml:lang="ka"><w/>
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<gloss><q>stomach</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5956e156" xml:id="mentioned_d5956e269" xml:lang="sva"><lang/>
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<w>k’vič’</w>
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<gloss><q>bird's craw</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5956e164" xml:id="mentioned_d5956e277" xml:lang="kbd"><lang/>
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<w>kʼocʼ, kʼocʼəc</w>
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<gloss><q>stomach</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5956e172" xml:id="mentioned_d5956e285" xml:lang="ani"><lang/>
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<w>ǧwaǧaci</w>
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<gloss><q>belly</q></gloss></mentioned>. Further relations lead, however, to
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Iranian languages: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5956e181" xml:id="mentioned_d5956e294" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
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<w>*kūčā, *kūcak (qwč’, kwč’k)</w>
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<gloss><q>mouth</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5956e189" xml:id="mentioned_d5956e302" xml:lang="sog"><w/>
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<gloss><q>gullet</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_C._Salemann._Man._II"/><biblScope>548</biblScope></bibl>. —
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Benveniste._TSP"/><biblScope>199%l295%l</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Henning._BBB"/><biblScope>62%l518%l</biblScope></bibl>),
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5956e207" xml:id="mentioned_d5956e320" xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
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<w>gat(ä)</w>
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<gloss><q>bird's gullet</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Зарубин._Бел."/><biblScope>1 160</biblScope></bibl>:
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">…duén čūčágāni guta gipt ki pkušīt</hi> “…gripped both chicks by the throat
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to kill them”); cf. also <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5956e220" xml:id="mentioned_d5956e333" xml:lang="x-nuristan"><lang/>
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<w>kūc</w>
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<gloss><q>inside</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5956e228" xml:id="mentioned_d5956e341" xml:lang="x-nuristan"><w/>
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<gloss><q>stomach</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_NTS"/><biblScope>VII 94</biblScope></bibl>). Further is not
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clear. It is possible that the Caucasian variants come from Iranian, and the
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Ossetic <hi rendition="#rend_italic">gucʼa</hi> (with an ejective) comes from Caucasian (Georgian). The
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voicing of the initial consonant is dissimilative. Final <hi rendition="#rend_italic">a</hi> is as in other
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Georgian borrowings (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_syxyrna"/> etc.). This is not
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the only case when Iranian words entered Ossetic through Georgian means; cf.
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<ref type="xr" target="#entry_cʼaj"/> ‘well’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_gollag"/> ‘bag’ etc. Is not <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ʒyx"/> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">cʼux</hi> ‘mouth’ an old metathesis from <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*kuč</hi>
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(<hi rendition="#rend_italic">kuč</hi> || <hi rendition="#rend_italic">čuk</hi>)?</etym>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI>
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