120 lines
11 KiB
XML
120 lines
11 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kærʒyn</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
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<biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_kærʒyn" xml:lang="os">
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<form xml:id="form_d3353e66" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>kærʒyn</orth></form>
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<form xml:id="form_d3353e69" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>kærʒin</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d3353e72"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>хлеб не-пшеничный (ячменный, кукурузный, просяной)</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>non-wheat bread (barley, corn, millet)</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d3353e82">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d3353e84">
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<quote>ʒūl k˳’ waid, wæd, bærgæ, dæw dær ʒy xaj fæwid! k˳y næ wa wæd xærgæ!
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— kærʒynæj stong ærvīt</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>если бы был пшеничный хлеб, то, конечно, и тебе достался бы кусок!
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если нет, то ешь! — утоли свой голод <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">кардзин</hi>’ом</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>if we had wheat bread, then, of course, you also would have gotten a
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piece! if not, then eat! — satisfy your hunger with <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">kardzin</hi></q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/><biblScope>118</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d3353e104">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d3353e106">
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<quote>fæjjæwttæ sæ sæxīmæ akodtoj æmæ syn kærʒyn baxæryn kodtoj — fyd, bas,
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ʒūl<note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">. Иногда употребляется в
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значении ‘пищи’ вообще:</note><note type="comment" xml:lang="en">.
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Sometimes it is used in the meaning ‘food’ generally:</note></quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>пастухи увели их к себе и накормили их — мясом, супом, пшеничным
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хлебом</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>the shepherds took them to themselves and fed them — with some meat,
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soup, wheat bread</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/><biblScope>100</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Конечный <hi rendition="#rend_italic">-ʒyn</hi> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">-ʒin</hi> представляет непродуктивный ныне
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формант, отложившийся, между прочим, в сложном суффиксе абстрактных слов
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">-ʒin-ad</hi> и в формах будущего времени глаголов (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">cær-ʒyn- æn</hi> „я буду
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жить“). Не употребительный отдельно <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*kær</hi> разъясняется как старое название
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‘<hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">ячменя</hi>’, усвоенное из кавказских языков; ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3353e204" xml:id="mentioned_d3353e134" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
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<w>keri</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3353e209" xml:id="mentioned_d3353e139" xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
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<w>gari</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3353e214" xml:id="mentioned_d3353e144" xml:lang="ab"><lang/>
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<w>a-қar</w>
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<gloss><q>ячмень</q></gloss></mentioned>. Потребность в заимствовании слова
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для ячменя возникла, надо думать, в связи c тем, что иранское название этого
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злака (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">yava-</hi>) закрепилось в осетинском за просом (см. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_jæw"/>). Исходное значение слова <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kærʒyn</hi> было, таким
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образом, — ‘ячменный’. В свою очередь слово <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kærʒyn</hi> оказалось усвоенным из
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осетинского в некоторые соседние языки для обозначения особого вида хлеба
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(обычно — хлеба, выпекаемого в золе): <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3353e224" xml:id="mentioned_d3353e154" xml:lang="sva"><lang/>
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<w>kərǯin</w>
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<gloss><q>хлеб, спеченный в золе</q></gloss></mentioned> (по пояснению
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одного свана, „осетинский хлеб“), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3353e233" xml:id="mentioned_d3353e163" xml:lang="ka" dialect="ka-x-rach"><lang/>
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<w>karǯina</w>
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<gloss><q>хлеб, спеченный в золе</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3353e241" xml:id="mentioned_d3353e171" xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><lang/>
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<w>kərǯən</w>
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<gloss><q>хлеб не-пшеничный</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3353e249" xml:id="mentioned_d3353e179" xml:lang="kbd"><lang/>
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<w>kəržin</w>
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<gloss><q>пресный хлеб</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><biblScope>Каб.
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фольклор. 1936, стр. 641</biblScope></bibl>). — Ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kærvæʒ"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kærvæʒæg"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kærī"/>.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>59 прим., 279, 298, 312,
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575</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">The final <hi rendition="#rend_italic">-ʒyn</hi> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">-ʒin</hi> is a nowadays non-productive
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formant, which is attested incidentally in a compound suffuxe <hi rendition="#rend_italic">-ʒin-ad</hi> for
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abstract words and in verbal future tense forms (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">cær-ʒyn- æn</hi> „I will live“).
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A part <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*kær</hi>, which is not used individually, is explained as an old name of
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‘<hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">barley</hi>’, acquired from Caucasian languages; cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3353e134" xml:id="mentioned_d3353e204" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
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<w>keri</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3353e139" xml:id="mentioned_d3353e209" xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
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<w>gari</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3353e144" xml:id="mentioned_d3353e214" xml:lang="ab"><lang/>
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<w>a-қar</w>
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<gloss><q>barley</q></gloss></mentioned>. The need of borrowing a word for
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barley originated very likely because of the fact that the Iranian name of this
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cereal (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">yava-</hi>) was assigned to milet (see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_jæw"/>). Thus, the initial meaning of the word <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kærʒyn</hi> was ‘barley (adj.)’. In
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its turn, the word <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kærʒyn</hi> was borrowed from Ossetic into some neighbouring
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languages for a special sort of bread (usually baked in ashes): <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3353e154" xml:id="mentioned_d3353e224" xml:lang="sva"><lang/>
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<w>kərǯin</w>
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<gloss><q>bread, baked in ashes</q></gloss></mentioned> („Ossetic bread“ by
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explanation of one Svan person), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3353e163" xml:id="mentioned_d3353e233" xml:lang="ka" dialect="ka-x-rach"><lang/>
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<w>karǯina</w>
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<gloss><q>bread, baked in ashes</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3353e171" xml:id="mentioned_d3353e241" xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><lang/>
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<w>kərǯən</w>
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<gloss><q>non-wheat bread</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3353e179" xml:id="mentioned_d3353e249" xml:lang="kbd"><lang/>
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<w>kəržin</w>
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<gloss><q>unleavened bread</q></gloss></mentioned>
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(<bibl><biblScope>Kabardian folklore. 1936, p. 641</biblScope></bibl>).
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— Cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kærvæʒ"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kærvæʒæg"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kærī"/>.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>59 прим.,
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279, 298, 312, 575</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI>
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