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abaev-xml/entries/abaev_sæftæg.xml

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2025-03-21 13:42:40 +03:00
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
<teiHeader>
<fileDesc>
<titleStmt>
<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">sæftæg</hi></title>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc>
<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
<tagsDecl>
<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
</tagsDecl>
</encodingDesc>
</teiHeader>
<text>
<body>
<entry xml:id="entry_sæftæg" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="incomplete">
<form xml:id="form_d3693e66" type="lemma"><orth>sæftæg</orth></form>
<sense xml:id="sense_d3693e69">
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>копыто</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>hoof</q>
</abv:tr>
</sense>
<re>
<form type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>sæftægnīz</orth></form>
<form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>sæftægnez</orth></form>
<sense>
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">болезнь копыт</q>
</tr>
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">hoof desease</q>
</tr>
</sense>
</re>
<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
<example>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">K˳yrdalægon... dyn bolat ændonæj yskænʒæn jæ
cæfxædtæ, bolat zægæltæ fīdar jæ <oRef>sæftǵyty</oRef> stægmæ k˳y nyssaʒa...</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Курдалагон (небесный кузнец) из булатной стали
сделает тебе подковы, (и) когда он булатные гвозди крепко до кости вобьет в его
(коня) копыта...</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Kyrdalægon (the divine blacksmith) will make
horseshoes from Damascus steel for you, (and) when he will drive Damascus steel
nails firmly, to the bone, into its (horse's) hooves...</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
<biblScope>70</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">bæx zæxxæj færḱytæ tony jæ
<oRef>sæjtǵytæj</oRef></quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">конь вырывает из земли комья своими
копытами</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the horse pulls out clods of the ground with
its hooves</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Нарт._сказ."/>
<biblScope>341</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">īw saǵy fexston, æmæ jyn kæd sæmbældī jæ
qūsyl, sykʼajy kæron æmæ jæ fæstag <oRef>sæftægyl</oRef></quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">я выстрелил в одного оленя и, что бы вы думали!
попал ему в ухо, конец рога и в заднее копыто</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I shot at one deer, and what would you think, I
hit him in the ear, in the end of the horn and in the hind hoof</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ИАА"/>
<biblScope>II 363</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">dony sæ baskʼæræm æmae sæ
<oRef>sæftǵytæ</oRef> baūmæl oj</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">загоним их в реку, чтобы у них увлажнились
копыта</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">let's drive them into the river to wet their
hooves</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ИАА"/>
<biblScope>III 224</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">dengiz in æ bæxi <oRef xml:lang="os-x-digor">sæjtæg</oRef> dær næ raxuluj kodta</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">море не смочило даже копыто его коня</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the sea didn't wet even a hoof of his horse</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
<biblScope>II 70</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
</exampleGrp>
<etym xml:lang="ru">Восходит к иран. <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>safa-</w>
<gloss><q>копыто</q></gloss></mentioned> с наращением <c>-t-</c>, как в <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cæst"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_myst"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_syst"/>, и <mentioned xml:lang="os"><c>-æg</c></mentioned>, как во многих
словах (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_zymæg"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xæræg"/>,
<ref type="xr" target="#entry_ærdæg"/> и др.). Ср. <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
<w>sum</w>, <w>sumb</w> (с не вполне ясной звуковой историей)</mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
<w>swa</w> (из <w>safa-</w>)</mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="bsk"><lang>бурушаски</lang> (из иран.) <w>sap</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="bsk"><lang>вершик.</lang> (из иран.) <w>sapa</w></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Зарубин._Верш."/>
<biblScope>II 2 338</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
<w>saha-</w> (из <w>saja-</w>)</mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
<w>safa-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
<w>ṡapha-</w></mentioned>, далее <mentioned xml:lang="non"><lang/>
<w>hofr</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ang"><lang/>
<w>hōf</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
<w>Huf</w></mentioned> (и.е. <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">kapho-</w>, <w type="rec">kopho-</w></mentioned>). — Не исключено, что элемент <c>-t-</c> в <oRef/>
идентичен с показателем множественности <mentioned xml:lang="os"><m>-t-</m></mentioned> и
что, стало быть, <oRef/> — десемантизованное мн. число. Ср. по образованию ос. <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>mæg˳yrtæg</w></mentioned>
<gloss><q>бедняги</q></gloss> от <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>mag˳yræg</w>
<gloss><q>бедняга</q></gloss></mentioned>. Если так, то у нас есть все основания
восстановить форму <mentioned xml:lang="oos"><w type="rec">sæfæg</w> (<w type="rec">safaka-</w>)</mentioned>. Эта форма представляет отличный этимон для <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
<w>сапог</w></mentioned>.<note xml:lang="ru" type="footnote">Иранское происхождение
слова <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><w>сапог</w></mentioned> предполагал
<name>Moszyński</name> (<bibl><title>Pierwotny zasiąg języka prasłowiańskiego</title>.
<pubPlace>Wrocław</pubPlace>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">1957, стр.
129—130</biblScope></bibl>) и
обосновал <name>Трубачев</name> (<bibl><title>Этимология 1965</title>,
<pubPlace>М.</pubPlace>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">1967, стр. 39
сл.</biblScope></bibl>; там же
см. о развитии значения <gloss><q>копыто</q></gloss> →
<gloss><q>обувь</q></gloss>)</note> По огласовке ос. <mentioned xml:lang="oos"><w type="rec">sæfæg</w></mentioned> относится к <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
<w>сапóг</w></mentioned>, как ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kæsæg"/> к <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
<w>касóг</w>
<gloss><q>кабардинец</q></gloss></mentioned>. <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/>
<biblScope>II 86</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/>
<biblScope>31, 34</biblScope></bibl>. <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
<biblScope>I 57, 572</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
<etym xml:lang="en">The word goes back to Iranian <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>safa-</w>
<gloss><q>hoof</q></gloss></mentioned> with the interfixation of <c>-t-</c>, as in <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cæst"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_myst"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_syst"/>, and with the attachment of <mentioned xml:lang="os"><c>-æg</c></mentioned>, as in many words (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_zymæg"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xæræg"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ærdæg"/> etc.). Cf.
<mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
<w>sum</w>, <w>sumb</w> (its phonetical history isn't completely clear)</mentioned>,
<mentioned xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
<w>swa</w> (from <w>safa-</w>)</mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="bsk"><lang/> (from
Iranian) <w>sap</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="bsk"><lang>Werchikwar</lang> (from
Iranian) <w>sapa</w></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Зарубин._Верш."/>
<biblScope>II 2 338</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
<w>saha-</w> (from <w>saja-</w>)</mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
<w>safa-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
<w>ṡapha-</w></mentioned>, also <mentioned xml:lang="non"><lang/>
<w>hofr</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ang"><lang/>
<w>hōf</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
<w>Huf</w></mentioned> (Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">kapho-</w>, <w type="rec">kopho-</w></mentioned>). — It is not excluded that the element
<c>-t-</c> in <oRef/> is identical with the plural marker <mentioned xml:lang="os"><m>-t-</m></mentioned> and, thus, <oRef/> is a desemantized plural form. Cf. the
derivation of Ossetic <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>mæg˳yrtæg</w></mentioned>
<gloss><q>poor fellows</q></gloss> from <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>mag˳yræg</w>
<gloss><q>poor fellow</q></gloss></mentioned>. If it is true, there is every reason to
reconstruct the form <mentioned xml:lang="oos"><w type="rec">sæfæg</w> (<w type="rec">safaka-</w>)</mentioned>. It is an excellent etymon for <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
<w>sapog</w></mentioned>.<note type="footnote">The Iranian origin of the word <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><w>sapog</w></mentioned> was proposed by <name>Moszyński</name>
(<bibl><title>Pierwotny zasiąg języka prasłowiańskiego</title>.
<pubPlace>Warsaw</pubPlace>, <biblScope xml:lang="en">1957, p. 129—130</biblScope></bibl>) and
justified by <name>Trubachev</name> (<bibl><title>Ètimologija</title> 1965, <pubPlace>Moscow</pubPlace>, <biblScope xml:lang="en">1967, p. 39 ff.</biblScope></bibl>; for the
development of the meaning <gloss><q>hoof</q></gloss> → <gloss><q>shoe</q></gloss> see
ibid.)</note> According with its vowels' spelling, <mentioned xml:lang="oos"><w type="rec">sæfæg</w></mentioned> relaits to <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
<w>sapóg</w></mentioned> as Ossetian <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kæsæg"/> relates to
<mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
<w>kasóg</w>
<gloss><q>Kabardian</q></gloss></mentioned>. <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/>
<biblScope>II 86</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/>
<biblScope>31, 34</biblScope></bibl>. <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
<biblScope>I 57, 572</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
</entry>
</body>
</text>
</TEI>
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