311 lines
22 KiB
XML
311 lines
22 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">syg_1</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_syg_1" n="1" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
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<form xml:id="form_d2595e66" type="lemma"><orth>syg</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d2595e69" n="1">
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<re>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(обычно в сочетании </note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(usually in combinations </note>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>cæsty-syg</orth><form type="variant"><orth>cæstyty
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syg</orth></form><form type="variant"><orth>cæssyg</orth></form></form>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">) </note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">) </note>
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</re>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>слеза</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>tear</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense n="2">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>струя</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>jet</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" n="1">
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">jæ cæstyty <oRef>syg</oRef> æryzǧældīs
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zæxmæ</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">его слезы (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">слеза</q>) падали на землю</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">his tears (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">tear</q>) fell to the ground</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
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<biblScope>219</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">wæ cæstyty <oRef>sygæj</oRef> ænæ xaj fæwygæn
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mæ mard</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">мой труп будет лишен ваших слез</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">my corpse will be deprived of your tears</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
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<biblScope>33</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ḱyzǵy cæsty <oRef>syg</oRef> læppūjyl
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ærxawdta, æmæ læppū feqal īs</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">слеза девушки упала на юношу, и юноша
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проснулся</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the girlʼs tear fell on the young man, and the
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young man woke up</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Munk."/>
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<biblScope>30</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>sug</oRef> kalgænæj æ wati</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">она будет лить слезы в своей комнате</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">she will shed tears in her room</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Gurdž._Æduli"/>
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<biblScope>84</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ku fæwwidtaj mæ <oRef>sugtæ</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ведь ты видела мои слезы</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">because you saw my tears</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Gurdž._Æduli"/>
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<biblScope>100</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">kalis ærtæxæj cæšti <oRef>sug</oRef>...
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sugiʒag æj dæ qal wat</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ты льешь каплями слезы... твоя роскошная
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постель залита (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">полна</q>) слезами</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">you pour drops of tears ... your luxurious bed
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is filled with (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">full of</q>) tears</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Gurdž._Æmburdgond"/>
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<biblScope>103</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">wæd nikkudtæj, æ cæsti <oRef>sugtæ</oRef>
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duwwæ dwaremæj kaldæncæ</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">тогда она зарыдала, ее слезы лились (как) из
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двух дверей</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">then she sobbed, her tears poured (like) from
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two doors</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/>
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<biblScope>12<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">6—7</hi></biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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</exampleGrp>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; другие цитаты см. под <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cæstysyg"/></note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; for other quotes, see under <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cæstysyg"/></note>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" n="2">
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">jæ ulæntæ (Terkæn) mænyl ævast
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<oRef>syg</oRef> rapparync</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">его (Терека) волны вдруг кидают на меня свою
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струю</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">its (Terekʼs) waves suddenly throw their jets
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at me</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><biblScope xml:lang="ru">из рукописи Г.
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Кайтова</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">from G. Kaitovʼs
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manuscripts</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">nijjawaztoncæ ew mirikʼij
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<oRef>sug</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">они запрудили одну небольшую струю (рукав
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реки)</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">they dammed one small stream (river branch)</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_AK"/>
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<biblScope>I 5</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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</exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Восходит к <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">asruka-</w>
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<gloss><q>слеза</q></gloss></mentioned> (утрата начального <c>c-</c>, как в <ref type="xr" target="#entry_nyx"><w>nyx</w>
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<gloss><q>лоб</q></gloss></ref> из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">anika-</w></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_dojny"><w>dojny</w>
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<gloss><q>жажда</q></gloss></ref> из <w type="rec">æ-dojny</w> и др.; <c>s</c> из
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<c>sr</c>, как в <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sy"><w>sy</w>
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<gloss><q>рог</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sīn"><w>sin</w>
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<gloss><q>бедро</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_asīn"><w>asīn</w>
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<gloss><q>лестница</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sīs_1"><w>sīs</w>
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<gloss><q>стена</q></gloss></ref> и др.). К <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">asru-</w></mentioned> или <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">asruka-</w></mentioned> восходят названия слезы и в других иранских языках: <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>ars</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa-x-dial"><lang/>
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<w>asr</w>
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<note type="comment">(← <w type="rec">asru-</w>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><w>ašk</w>
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<note type="comment">(←<w type="rec">asruka-</w>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
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<w>ars</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
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<w>asr</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
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<w>als</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
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<w>uṣ̌ka</w>, <w>oṣ̌a</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="wne"><lang/>
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<w>češkū</w><note type="comment"> (<bibl><author>Elfenbein</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Arch._Or."/>
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<biblScope>1967 XXXV 590</biblScope></bibl>)</note><note type="comment"> (из
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<mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec" xml:lang="ira">češm-ašku</w></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sgh" extralang="srh"><lang/>
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<w>yuṣ̌k</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="mnj"><lang/>
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<w>yoṣ̌k</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ydg"><lang/>
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<w>yaṣ̌k</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="wbl"><lang/>
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<w>yaṣ̌k</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sgy"><lang/>
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<w>āṣ̌īk</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xco"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">ašuk</w> (<w>’šwk</w>), мн. ч. <w>ʼšwc</w><note type="comment">
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(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Henning._Khwar."/>
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<biblScope>10</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">čašku-</w> (<w>čškw-</w>) <note type="comment">из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec" xml:lang="ira">češm-ašku</w></mentioned><note type="comment"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Turner"/> apud Gershevitch
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<biblScope>§ 385<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">1</hi></biblScope></bibl>)</note></note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
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<w>āṣka-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>asru-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>aśru-</w>
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<gloss><q>слеза</q></gloss></mentioned>; за пределами индоиранского: <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
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<w>āšara</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="x-tchr"><lang>тох.</lang>
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<w>ākār</w></mentioned>, (с начальным согласным) <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
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<w>δακρυ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="got"><lang/>
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<w>tagr</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
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<w>lacruma</w>, <w>lacrima</w>
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<gloss><q>слеза</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
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<biblScope>23, 179</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Fraenkel"/>
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<biblScope>18</biblScope></bibl>). Об <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
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<w>artʼawsr</w>
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<gloss><q>слеза</q></gloss></mentioned> см.: <bibl><author>Meillet</author>.
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<title>Esquisse d’une grammaire comparée de lʼArménien classique<hi rendition="#rend_superscript">2</hi></title>. <pubPlace>Wien</pubPlace>,
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<date>1936</date>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">стр. 55, 82</biblScope></bibl>. — Обращают на себя внимание образования
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типа <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">глáза слеза</q> (в стяженной форме) в трех иранских
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языках: <mentioned xml:lang="wne"><lang/>
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<w>češkū</w>
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<note type="comment">(← <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec" xml:lang="ira">češm-ašku</w></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">čašku</w>
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<note type="comment">(← <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec" xml:lang="ira">čašm-ašku</w></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>, ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cæssyg"/> (← <w>cæstysyg</w>). — Ос. <oRef xml:lang="os-x-iron">syg</oRef> | <oRef xml:lang="os-x-digor">sug</oRef> в значении <q>струя</q> следует,
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возможно, отделять от <oRef xml:lang="os-x-iron">syg</oRef> | <oRef xml:lang="os-x-digor">sug</oRef>
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<gloss><q>слеза</q></gloss> и сблизить с <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/> (шорский и др.)
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<w>sug</w>
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<gloss><q>вода</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/>
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<biblScope>IV 755</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Сюда же <mentioned xml:lang="ru-x-argot"><lang/>
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<w>сугá</w>
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<gloss><q>вода</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><title xml:lang="ru">Этногр.
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обозрение</title>
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<biblScope>1890 VII 127</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/>
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<biblScope>31</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">Goes back to <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">asruka-</w>
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<gloss><q>tear</q></gloss></mentioned> (with loss of the initial <c>c-</c>, like in <ref type="xr" target="#entry_nyx"><w>nyx</w>
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<gloss><q>forehead</q></gloss></ref> from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">anika-</w></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_dojny"><w>dojny</w>
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<gloss><q>thirst</q></gloss></ref> from <w type="rec">æ-dojny</w> etc.; <c>s</c> is from
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<c>sr</c>, like in <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sy"><w>sy</w>
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<gloss><q>horn</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sīn"><w>sin</w>
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<gloss><q>hip</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_asīn"><w>asīn</w>
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<gloss><q>ladder</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sīs_1"><w>sīs</w>
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<gloss><q>wall</q></gloss></ref> etc.). <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">asru-</w></mentioned> or <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">asruka-</w></mentioned> gave rise to the names of tears in other Iranian languages:
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<mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>ars</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa-x-dial"><lang/>
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<w>asr</w>
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<note type="comment">(← <w type="rec">asru-</w>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><w>ašk</w>
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<note type="comment">(←<w type="rec">asruka-</w>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
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<w>ars</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
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<w>asr</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
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<w>als</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
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<w>uṣ̌ka</w>, <w>oṣ̌a</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="wne"><lang/>
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<w>češkū</w><note type="comment"> (<bibl><author>Elfenbein</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Arch._Or."/>
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<biblScope>1967 XXXV 590</biblScope></bibl>)</note><note type="comment"> (from
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<mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec" xml:lang="ira">češm-ašku</w></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sgh" extralang="srh"><lang/>
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<w>yuṣ̌k</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="mnj"><lang/>
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<w>yoṣ̌k</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ydg"><lang/>
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<w>yaṣ̌k</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="wbl"><lang/>
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<w>yaṣ̌k</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sgy"><lang/>
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<w>āṣ̌īk</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xco"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">ašuk</w> (<w>’šwk</w>), plural <w>ʼšwc</w><note type="comment">
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(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Henning._Khwar."/>
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<biblScope>10</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">čašku-</w> (<w>čškw-</w>) <note type="comment">from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec" xml:lang="ira">češm-ašku</w></mentioned><note type="comment"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Turner"/> apud Gershevitch
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<biblScope>§ 385<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">1</hi></biblScope></bibl>)</note></note></mentioned> , <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
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<w>āṣka-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>asru-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>aśru-</w>
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<gloss><q>tear</q></gloss></mentioned>; beyond Indo-Iranian languages: <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
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<w>āšara</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="x-tchr"><lang/>
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<w>ākār</w></mentioned>, (with initial consonant) <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
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<w>δακρυ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="got"><lang/>
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<w>tagr</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
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<w>lacruma</w>, <w>lacrima</w>
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<gloss><q>tear</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
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<biblScope>23, 179</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Fraenkel"/>
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<biblScope>18</biblScope></bibl>). On <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
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<w>artʼawsr</w>
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<gloss><q>tear</q></gloss></mentioned>, see: <bibl><author>Meillet</author>.
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<title>Esquisse d’une grammaire comparée de lʼArménien classique<hi rendition="#rend_superscript">2</hi></title>. <pubPlace>Wien</pubPlace>,
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<date>1936</date>, <biblScope xml:lang="en">p. 55, 82</biblScope></bibl>. — It is
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noteworthy that derivations of the type <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">eye tear</q>
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(contracted form) are present in three Iranian languages: <mentioned xml:lang="wne"><lang/>
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<w>češkū</w>
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<note type="comment">(← <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec" xml:lang="ira">češm-ašku</w></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">čašku</w>
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<note type="comment">(← <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec" xml:lang="ira">čašm-ašku</w></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>, Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cæssyg"/> (← <w>cæstysyg</w>). — Ossetic <oRef xml:lang="os-x-iron">syg</oRef> | <oRef xml:lang="os-x-digor">sug</oRef> in the meaning <q>jet</q>should
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probably be separated from <oRef xml:lang="os-x-iron">syg</oRef> | <oRef xml:lang="os-x-digor">sug</oRef>
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<gloss><q>tear</q></gloss> and brought together with <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
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(Shor etc.) <w>sug</w>
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<gloss><q>water</q></gloss></mentioned>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/>
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<biblScope>IV 755</biblScope></bibl>)</note>. Here also <mentioned xml:lang="ru-x-argot"><lang/>
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<w>šuga</w>
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<gloss><q>water</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl"> (<bibl xml:lang="en"><title xml:lang="en"><?oxy_comment_start author="Vados" timestamp="20230309T203738+0300" comment="Здесь программа не позволяет вставить ссылку внутрь mentioned" flag="done"?>Ètnogr<?oxy_comment_end ?>.
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obozrenie</title> [Ethnographic Review]. <biblScope>1890 VII
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127</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/>
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<biblScope>31</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI>
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