282 lines
16 KiB
XML
282 lines
16 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">toxun_1</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_toxun_1" n="1" xml:lang="os-x-digor" abv:completeness="english-questions">
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<form xml:id="form_d439e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>toxun</orth></form>
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<form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>tuǧd</orth></form>
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<sense>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d439e69">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>бороться</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>fight</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>биться</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>combat</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>сражаться</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>battle</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>воевать</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>make war</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>tuǧd</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">сражение</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">battle</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>бой</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>fighting</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>война</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>war</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xæcyn" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><lang/>
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<w>xæcyn</w>: <w>xæst</w></ref> id</note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xæcyn" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><lang/>
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<w>xæcyn</w>: <w>xæst</w></ref> id</note>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Jese bazdaxtæj æma osæ wæd, kizgæ wæd, biccew
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wæd, <oRef>toxunmæ</oRef> ka næ aræxstæj, oni ewguræj dær bafsnajdta Xatægti ustur
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mæsugi</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Есе взял и всех, кто неспособен был сражаться,
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будь то женщина, девушка или ребенок, укрыл в большой башне Хатаговых</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Jese sheltered everyone who was unable to
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fight, be it a woman, a girl or a child, in the large tower of the Khatægovs</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Диг._сказ."/>
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<biblScope>2</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(lacintæ æma xalon) <oRef>toxun</oRef>
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bajdædtoncæ</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(соколы и ворона) стали биться</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230314T013735+0300" comment="или тут the"?>falcons<?oxy_comment_end ?>
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and a crow) began to fight</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/>
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<biblScope>30<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">5</hi></biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ci <oRef>fættuxtoncæ</oRef> ka ʽj
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zonuj</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">сколько они бились, кто это знает</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">who knows how long they fought</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/>
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<biblScope>30<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">8–9</hi></biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">duwwæ xonxi kæmi <oRef>toxuncæ</oRef>
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omi...</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">там, где бьются (друг с другом) две горы...</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">where two mountains
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<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230314T013814+0300" comment="?"?>clash<?oxy_comment_end ?>
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(with each other)...</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/>
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<biblScope>15<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">2</hi></biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ku næ es sæmæ sæ fagæ <oRef>toxæn</oRef>
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gærztæ</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">нет у них достаточно боевого оружия</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">they do not have enough military weapons</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
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<biblScope>55</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ærtæ fati <oRef>istoxunmæ</oRef> næ
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bæzzuncæ</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">трех пуль недостаточно, чтобы вступить в
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бой</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">three bullets are not enough to go into
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battle</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
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<biblScope>59</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">æ raz rajʒag æj bæxgintæj, <oRef>toxuj</oRef>
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sæ xæccæ cʼinkkitæj</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">перед ним стало полно всадников, он бьется с
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ними ударами (шашки)</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">there are a lot of horsemen in front of him, he
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fights with them with blows (of a sabre)</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
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<biblScope>75</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">wædta mæ rarvistoncæ Japoni
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<oRef>tuǧdmæ</oRef>; omi <oRef>fættuxton</oRef> anz æma duwwæ mæji</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">тогда меня послали на Японскую войну; там я
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воевал год и два месяца</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">then I was sent to the Japanese war; I fought
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there for a year and two months</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
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<biblScope>1949 II 30</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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</exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Если <q>охота</q> ассоциировалась у осетин с <q>хождением</q> (см. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cwan_1"><w>cwan</w></ref>), то <q>война</q> связывалась, как
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кажется, с понятиями <q>бить</q>, <q>ударять</q>, <q>пронзать</q> и т. п. (<mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">teuk-</w>, <w type="rec">tuk-</w></mentioned>). Ср. <mentioned xml:lang="sla"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">tuk-</w></mentioned> в <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>тыкать</w>, <w>в-тыкать</w>, <w>про-тыкать</w></mentioned> и пр., <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
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<w>tuksёti</w>
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<gloss><q>бить</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>ударять</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>биться</q></gloss>,
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<gloss><q>колотить(ся)</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Fraenkel"/>
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<biblScope>1135</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
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<w>τύκος</w>
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<gloss><q>боевой топор</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>молот</q></gloss></mentioned>. Другой
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вариант этой же базы, <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">teug-</w></mentioned>,
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представлен в <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>tuǰ-</w>, <w>tuǰati</w>
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<gloss><q>бить</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>метать</q></gloss></mentioned> и пр., <cit>
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<quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Grundbegriff — heftige, mit Gewalt verbundene
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Bewegung</q></quote>
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<bibl>(<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Grassmann"/>
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<biblScope>538</biblScope>)</bibl>
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</cit>. Менее вероятна связь с <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tūxyn"><w>tūxyn</w>
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<gloss><q>завертывать</q></gloss></ref>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Шегрен"/>
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(<biblScope>137</biblScope>)</bibl> сравнивает, с одной стороны, <mentioned xml:lang="ar"><lang/>
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<w>ṯavx</w>
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<gloss><q>petere aliquem turpibus dictis factisve</q></gloss></mentioned>, с другой —
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<mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
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<w>toqušmaq</w>
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<gloss><q>offendere se invicem, confligere</q></gloss></mentioned>. Контаминация с
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<mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
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<w>toqə</w>
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<gloss><q>нападать</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><w>toqus</w>
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<gloss><q>битва</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>драка</q></gloss></mentioned>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/>
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<biblScope>III 1149, 1151</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned> не
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исключена.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">If <q>hunting</q> was associated
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<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230314T013955+0300" comment="?"?>by<?oxy_comment_end ?>
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Ossetians with <q>walking</q> (see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cwan_1"><w>cwan</w></ref>), then <q>war</q> was associated, it seems, with the concepts of
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<q>hitting</q>, <q>piercing</q> etc. (<mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">teuk-</w>, <w type="rec">tuk-</w></mentioned>). Cf. <mentioned xml:lang="sla"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">tuk-</w></mentioned> in <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>tykat'</w>, <w>v-tykat'</w>, <w>pro-tykat'</w>
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<gloss><q>pierce</q></gloss></mentioned> etc., <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
|
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|
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<w>tuksëti</w>
|
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|
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<gloss><q>hit</q></gloss>,
|
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<gloss><q><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230314T014119+0300" comment="это это биться?"?>battle<?oxy_comment_end ?></q></gloss>,
|
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<gloss><q>pound</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Fraenkel"/>
|
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|
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<biblScope>1135</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
|
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|
|
<w>τύκος</w>
|
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|
|
<gloss><q>battle ax</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>hammer</q></gloss></mentioned>. Another
|
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|
|
variant of the same base, <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">teug-</w></mentioned>,
|
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|
|
is present in <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
|
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|
|
<w>tuǰ-</w>, <w>tuǰati</w>
|
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|
|
<gloss><q>hit</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>throw</q></gloss></mentioned> etc., <cit>
|
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|
|
<quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Grundbegriff — heftige, mit Gewalt verbundene
|
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|
|
Bewegung</q></quote>
|
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|
|
<bibl> (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Grassmann"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>538</biblScope>)</bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</cit>. It is less likely to be associated with <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tūxyn"><w>tūxyn</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>wrap up</q></gloss></ref>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Шегрен"/>
|
|||
|
|
(<biblScope>137</biblScope>)</bibl> compares it, on the one hand, with <mentioned xml:lang="ar"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>ṯavx</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>petere aliquem turpibus dictis factisve</q></gloss></mentioned>, on the other
|
|||
|
|
– with <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>toqušmaq</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>offendere se invicem, confligere</q></gloss></mentioned>. The contamination
|
|||
|
|
with <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>toqə</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>attack</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><w>toqus</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>battle</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>fightinf</q></gloss></mentioned>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>III 1149, 1151</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned> is not
|
|||
|
|
excluded.</etym>
|
|||
|
|
</entry>
|
|||
|
|
</body>
|
|||
|
|
</text>
|
|||
|
|
</TEI>
|