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abaev-xml/entries/abaev_tutt.xml

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2025-03-21 13:42:40 +03:00
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
<teiHeader>
<fileDesc>
<titleStmt>
<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">tutt</hi></title>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc>
<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
<tagsDecl>
<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
</tagsDecl>
</encodingDesc>
</teiHeader>
<text>
<body>
<entry xml:id="entry_tutt" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
<form xml:id="form_d1189e66" type="lemma"><orth>tutt</orth></form>
<sense>
<sense xml:id="sense_d1189e69">
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>пустой</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>empty</q>
</abv:tr>
</sense>
<sense>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>без сердцевины</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>without core</q>
</abv:tr>
</sense>
</sense>
<re>
<form type="lemma"><orth>tutt <ref type="xr" target="#entry_būlkʼ"/></orth></form>
<sense>
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">пустая редька</q>
</tr>
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">empty radish</q>
</tr>
</sense>
</re>
<re>
<form type="lemma"><orth>tutt <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ængūz"/></orth></form>
<sense>
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">пустой орех</q>
</tr>
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">empty nut</q>
</tr>
</sense>
</re>
<re>
<form type="lemma"><orth>tutt <ref type="xr" target="#entry_nyxas">nyxæstæ</ref></orth></form>
<sense>
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">пустые, бессодержательные слова, речи</q>
</tr>
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">empty, meaningless words, speeches</q>
</tr>
</sense>
</re>
<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_aftid"><w>aftīd</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_rīvad"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ævdælyn"><w>ævdælon</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tyssæg"/></note>
<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_aftid"><w>aftīd</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_rīvad"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ævdælyn"><w>ævdælon</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tyssæg"/></note>
<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
<example>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">jæ kʼutu — <oRef>tutt</oRef></quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">в его закроме пусто</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">his bin is empty</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_SD"/>
<biblScope>251<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">4</hi></biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">cawæjnon læg æ boni xætæntæj izæræj sæxemæ
aftid kʼoxæj ku fæccæwuj, æ xizin <oRef>tutt</oRef> ku fæwuj, wæd æxwædæg dær mætʼæl
æma wængmard fæwuj</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">когда охотник после дневных скитаний вечером
приходит к себе с пустыми руками, когда его сумка бывает порожней, то и сам он
бывает удрученный и подавленный</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">when a hunter, after a day’s wanderings, comes
home empty-handed in the evening, when his bag is empty, then he himself is dejected
and depressed</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
<biblScope>1958 III 28</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
</exampleGrp>
<etym xml:lang="ru">Вероятно, лексикализованное ppf. от не сохранившегося в спрягаемой форме
глагола <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w type="rec" xml:lang="os-x-iron">tūtyn</w><w type="rec" xml:lang="os-x-digor">totun</w>
<gloss><q>быть пустым</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>делать пустым</q></gloss></mentioned>, как,
скажем, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xatt_1"/> от
<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230118T162213+0300" comment="правильные хрефы?.." id="gcm_h1k_rwb"?><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230302T233641+0300" parentID="gcm_h1k_rwb" comment="да, но он, по-видимому, в 4 томе изменил мнение и теперь выводит из хӕтын (кстати, не уверен, что правильно)" mid="1"?><ref type="xr" target="#entry_xatun_1"/><?oxy_comment_end ?><?oxy_comment_end mid="1"?>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xūdt"><w>xudt</w></ref> от <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xūdyn"><w>xudyn</w></ref> и т. п. Восстанавливаемый глагол <w type="rec">tuθ</w> отвечал
общеиранскому (инхоативная основа) <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">tus-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
<w>tus-</w></mentioned>
<gloss><q>быть пустым</q></gloss></mentioned>. Мы имеем, стало быть, один из тех
случаев, когда в осетинском (как в древнеперсидском) общеиранскому <c>s</c> отвечает
<c>θ</c> (→ <c>t</c>), см. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_færæt"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_rætæn"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_talm"/>; см. также статью
<bibl><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes"><title>О перекрестных изоглоссах</title></q>
(<bibl type="m"><title>Этимология 1966</title>, <pubPlace>М.</pubPlace>,
<date>1968</date></bibl>, <biblScope>стр. 247–263, в частности
250–255</biblScope>)</bibl>. Форма отражена также в новоперсидском и пехлевийском:
<mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
<w>tuhī</w>
<note type="comment">(из <w type="rec">tuθīka-</w>)</note>
<gloss><q>пустой</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><w>tuhīmaγz</w>
<gloss><q>пустоголовый</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>безмозглый</q></gloss>
<note type="comment">(= <mentioned xml:lang="os"><lang/>
<phr>tutt <ref type="xr" target="#entry_maǧz"/></phr></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
<w>tuhīk</w>
<gloss><q>пустой</q></gloss></mentioned>. — Огласовка <c>u</c> в обоих диалектах
необычна, ожидали бы <w type="rec">tytt</w> | <oRef>tutt</oRef>; но ср. ppf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xūdt"><w>xudt</w></ref> в обоих диалектах от <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xūdyn"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">xudyn</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">xodun</w></ref>, а также и., д. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ræsuǧd"/> от
несохранившегося глагола <w type="rec" xml:lang="os-x-iron">ræsūʒyn</w><w type="rec" xml:lang="os-x-digor">ræsoʒun</w>. — Форма с «нормальным» <c>s</c> также сохранилась в
осетинском; см. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tyssæg"/>. — Случайным следует считать
созвучие с <mentioned xml:lang="av"><lang/>
<w>tʼutʼab</w>
<gloss><q>легкий</q></gloss>,
<gloss><q>легковесный</q></gloss></mentioned>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Benveniste._Etudes"/>
<biblScope>17</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
<etym xml:lang="en">Probably, a lexicalized ppf. from a verb <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w type="rec" xml:lang="os-x-iron">tūtyn</w><w type="rec" xml:lang="os-x-digor">totun</w>
<gloss><q>be empty</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>make empty</q></gloss></mentioned> not
preserved in conjugated form, as, for example, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xatt_1"/>
from
<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230118T162213+0300" comment="правильные хрефы?.." id="gcm_h1k_rwb"?><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230302T233641+0300" parentID="gcm_h1k_rwb" comment="да, но он, по-видимому, в 4 томе изменил мнение и теперь выводит из хӕтын (кстати, не уверен, что правильно)" mid="3"?><ref type="xr" target="#entry_xatun_1"/><?oxy_comment_end ?><?oxy_comment_end mid="3"?>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xūdt"><w>xudt</w></ref> from <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xūdyn"><w>xudyn</w></ref> etc. The reconstructed verb <w type="rec">tuθ</w> corresponded to
<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230314T010014+0300" comment="??"?>pan<?oxy_comment_end ?>-Iranian
(inchoative base)<mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">tus-</w></mentioned>,
<mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
<w>tus-</w></mentioned>
<gloss><q>be empty</q></gloss></mentioned>. We have, therefore, one of those cases when
in Ossetic (as in Old Persian)
<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230314T010043+0300" comment="??"?>common<?oxy_comment_end ?>
Iranian <c>s</c>
<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230314T010056+0300" comment="?"?>corresponds to<?oxy_comment_end ?>
<c>θ</c> (→ <c>t</c>), see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_færæt"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_rætæn"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_talm"/>; see also the paper
<bibl><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes"><title>O perekrestnyh izoglossah</title> [On
intersecting isoglosses]</q> (<bibl type="m"><title>Ètimologiya 1966</title>, <pubPlace>Moscow</pubPlace>, <date>1968</date></bibl>, <biblScope>p.
247–263, particularly 250–255</biblScope>)</bibl>. The form is also reflected in New
Persian and Middle Persian: <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
<w>tuhī</w>
<note type="comment">(from <w type="rec">tuθīka-</w>)</note>
<gloss><q>empty</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><w>tuhīmaγz</w>
<gloss><q>empty-headed</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>brainless</q></gloss>
<note type="comment">(= <mentioned xml:lang="os"><lang/>
<phr>tutt <ref type="xr" target="#entry_maǧz"/></phr></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
<w>tuhīk</w>
<gloss><q>empty</q></gloss></mentioned>. — The
<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230314T010307+0300" comment="???????????"?>vowelization<?oxy_comment_end ?>
of <c>u</c> is unusual in both dialects, we would expect <w type="rec">tytt</w> |
<oRef>tutt</oRef>; but cf. ppf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xūdt"><w>xudt</w></ref> in
both dialects from <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xūdyn"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">xudyn</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">xodun</w></ref>, and also Iron, Digor <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ræsuǧd"/> from an unpreserved verb <w type="rec" xml:lang="os-x-iron">ræsūʒyn</w><w type="rec" xml:lang="os-x-digor">ræsoʒun</w>. — The
form with <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">normal</q>
<c>s</c> is also retained in Ossetic; see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tyssæg"/>. — The
consonance with <mentioned xml:lang="av"><lang/>
<w>tʼutʼab</w>
<gloss><q>light</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>lightweight</q></gloss></mentioned> should be
considered accidental.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Benveniste._Etudes"/>
<biblScope>17</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
</entry>
</body>
</text>
</TEI>
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