374 lines
20 KiB
XML
374 lines
20 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">tyxxæj</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_tyxxæj" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
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<form xml:id="form_d838e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20221102T220610+0300" comment="какой-то сомнительный перевод получился..."?>tyxxæj<?oxy_comment_end ?></orth></form>
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<form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>tuxxæj</orth><form type="variant"><orth>tuxxæn</orth></form></form>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (послелог)</note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (postposition)</note>
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<sense>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d838e69">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>о</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>about</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>относительно</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>concerning</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>по поводу</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>because of</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>за</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>for</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>ради</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>for the sake of</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>для</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>since</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>по причине</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>by reason of</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>cæj tyxxæj?</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">о чем?</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">about what?</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>для чего?</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>for what?</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>почему?</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>why?</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">axæmty <oRef>tyxxæj</oRef> Wastyrǵi fædavta
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fos næ mæg˳yrtæj</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ради таких (людей) Уастырджи покрал скот у
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наших бедняков</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">for the sake of such (people), Uastyrdzhy stole
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cattle from our
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<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20221102T212439+0300" comment="??"?>poor<?oxy_comment_end ?></q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
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<biblScope>65</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">dæw <oRef>tyxxæj</oRef> næm nyxas
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ærcydī</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">у нас зашел разговор о тебе</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">we were talking about you</q>
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</tr>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">aj bazzad max <oRef>tyxxæj</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">он остался (здесь) ради нас</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he stayed (here) for us</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
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<biblScope>I 20</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mæ wazæǵy <oRef>tyxxæj</oRef> cy næ
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bakænʒynæn!</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">чего я не сделаю ради моего гостя!</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I would do anything for my guest!</q>
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</tr>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ūj <oRef>tyxxæj</oRef> agūryn Gusajy, qwa jæ
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bafærson, cy dīssægtæ zony</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">для того я ищу Гуса, должен его спросить, какие
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он знает чудеса</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I am looking for Gus because I have to ask him
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what miracles he knows</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Munk."/>
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<biblScope>138</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">cæj <oRef>tyxxæj</oRef> kʼ˳ylyx
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cæwys?</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">почему ты хромаешь?</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">why are you limping?</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Munk."/>
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<biblScope>35–36</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">aftæmæj (ænæsærstæj) nīcy bakænʒynæn adæmīmæ
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xæcynæn, ūj <oRef>tyxxæj</oRef> æmæ stæg æmæ fyd dæn</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">таким (незакаленным) я не смогу воевать с
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людьми, потому что я — кость и плоть</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I will not be able to fight with people being
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so (unseasoned), because I am
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<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20221102T215117+0300" comment="??"?>bone
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and flesh<?oxy_comment_end ?></q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭ"/>
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<biblScope>I 18</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">aboni gæw æmburd ærcæncæ dæw
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<oRef>tuxxæj</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">сегодня аул собрался ради тебя</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">today the village has gathered for you</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
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<biblScope>70</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">aci sīnon æd buntæ ku niwazun wæ
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<oRef>tuxxæn</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">этот бокал до дна я пью за вас</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I drink this glass to the bottom for you</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
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<biblScope>99</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">oj <oRef>tuxxæn</oRef> din æz ærxæssʒænæn
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taus</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">по этому поводу я приведу тебе случай</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I will tell you a story about it</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
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<biblScope>120</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">næ bakomʒænæn necæj
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<oRef>tuxxæj</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ни за что не соглашусь</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">no way I would agree</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Gurdž._Æduli"/>
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<biblScope>92</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">cæmæj ænæ tæreǧæd iswæn, oj
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<oRef>tuxxæj</oRef> næ xucawmæ ʽskovæn</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">помолимся нашему богу о том, чтобы на нас не
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было греха</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">let us pray to our God that there will be no
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sin on us</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>30<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">14</hi>–31<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">1</hi></biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
|
|||
|
|
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mæn <oRef>tuxxæn</oRef> xucawæn
|
|||
|
|
bakovun...</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">помолиться обо мне богу...</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">pray to God for me...</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>31<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">9–10</hi></biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
|
|||
|
|
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">aci xwarz ǧuddagi <oRef>tuxxæj</oRef>...
|
|||
|
|
fudæbon kænun...</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ради этого доброго дела беру на себя
|
|||
|
|
труд...</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">for the sake of this good deed I take the
|
|||
|
|
work...</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>33<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">7–8</hi></biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
</exampleGrp>
|
|||
|
|
<etym xml:lang="ru">В народноэтимологическом осмыслении понимается как отложительный падеж
|
|||
|
|
от <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tyx"><w>tyx</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>сила</q></gloss></ref> и, стало быть, отождествляется с <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tyxæj"><w>tyxæj</w> (<w>tyxxæj</w>) <gloss><q>силой</q></gloss></ref>
|
|||
|
|
(отсюда колебание падежей в дигорском: <oRef>tuxxæj</oRef> || <oRef>tuxxæn</oRef>). Нельзя
|
|||
|
|
сказать, что такое понимание лишено основания; ср., например, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>в силу</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>по причине</q></gloss></mentioned>. Но, с другой стороны, трудно считать
|
|||
|
|
случайностью полное созвучие с монгольским послелогом <mentioned xml:lang="mn"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tuxaj</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>о</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>относительно</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>про</q></gloss>,
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>по поводу</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>ради</q></gloss>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Lessing"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>847–848</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>: <mentioned xml:lang="mn"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>man tuxaj</w>
|
|||
|
|
<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">= <mentioned xml:lang="os"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<phr>max tyxxæj</phr></mentioned></note>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>про нас</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="mn"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>eneen tuxaj</w>
|
|||
|
|
<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">= <mentioned xml:lang="os"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<phr>ūj tyxxæj</phr></mentioned></note>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>об этом</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>про это</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="mn"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>jaγun u tuxaj?</w>
|
|||
|
|
<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">= <mentioned xml:lang="os"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<phr>cæj tyxxæj?</phr></mentioned></note>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>о чем?</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>ради чего?</q></gloss></mentioned>. Возможно,
|
|||
|
|
имела место контаминация ос. <w>tyxæj</w> от <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tyx"><w>tyx</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>сила</q></gloss></ref> с монгольским послелогом <mentioned xml:lang="mn"><w>tuxaj</w></mentioned>, причем монгольский способствовал продвижению семантики от
|
|||
|
|
значения <q>в силу</q>, <q>по причине</q> к значению <q>о</q>, <q>про</q>,
|
|||
|
|
<q>относительно</q>. Геминация согласного в производных формах (<w>tyx</w> — <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tyxæj"><w>tyxxæj</w></ref>) нередкое явление в осетинском; ср.
|
|||
|
|
<ref type="xr" target="#entry_tas_1"><w>tas</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>страх</q></gloss></ref> — <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>tæssæj</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>от страха</q></gloss></mentioned>.</etym>
|
|||
|
|
<etym xml:lang="en">Folk etymology understands it as ablative case of the word <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tyx"><w>tyx</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>might</q></gloss></ref> and thus is identified with <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tyxæj"><w>tyxæj</w> (<w>tyxxæj</w>) <gloss><q>by force</q></gloss></ref>
|
|||
|
|
(hence the variation of cases in Digor: <oRef>tuxxæj</oRef> || <oRef>tuxxæn</oRef>). It
|
|||
|
|
cannot be said that such an understanding is without foundation; cf., for example,
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>v silu</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>because of</q></gloss></mentioned>. But, on the other hand, it is difficult to
|
|||
|
|
consider the complete consonance with the Mongolian postposition as an accident <mentioned xml:lang="mn"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tuxaj</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>about</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>concerning</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>because
|
|||
|
|
of</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>for the sake of</q></gloss>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Lessing"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>847–848</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>: <mentioned xml:lang="mn"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>man tuxaj</w>
|
|||
|
|
<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">=
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="os"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<phr>max tyxxæj</phr></mentioned></note>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>about us</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="mn"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>eneen tuxaj</w>
|
|||
|
|
<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">=
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="os"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<phr>ūj tyxxæj</phr></mentioned></note>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>about this</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="mn"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>jaγun u tuxaj?</w>
|
|||
|
|
<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">=
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="os"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<phr>cæj tyxxæj?</phr></mentioned></note>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>about what?</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>for what?</q></gloss></mentioned>. The
|
|||
|
|
contamination of <w>tyxæj</w> from <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tyx"><w>tyx</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>strength</q></gloss></ref> with the Mongolian postposition <mentioned xml:lang="mn"><w>tuxaj</w></mentioned> may have taken place, and moreover, Mongolian
|
|||
|
|
contributed to the development of semantics from the meaning <q>because of</q> to the
|
|||
|
|
meaning <q>about</q>, <q>concerning</q>. Gemination of a consonant in derivative forms
|
|||
|
|
(<w>tyx</w> — <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tyxæj"><w>tyxxæj</w></ref>) is not uncommon
|
|||
|
|
in Ossetic; cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tas_1"><w>tas</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>fear</q></gloss></ref> — <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>tæssæj</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>out of fear</q></gloss></mentioned>.</etym>
|
|||
|
|
</entry>
|
|||
|
|
</body>
|
|||
|
|
</text>
|
|||
|
|
</TEI>
|