181 lines
11 KiB
XML
181 lines
11 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">xædmæl</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_xædmæl" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="incomplete">
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<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231024T185354+0300" comment="Russian checked"?>
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<form xml:id="form_d3305e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>xædmæl</orth></form><?oxy_comment_end ?>
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<form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>xwædmæl</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d3305e69">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>дохлый</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>dead</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>околевший</q>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (о животных, умерших без истечения крови, <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">своей смертью</q>; мясо такого животного считалось
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непригодным для еды)</note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (о животных, умерших без истечения крови, <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">своей смертью</q>; мясо такого животного считалось
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непригодным для еды)</note>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>croaked</q>
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<note type="comment"> (of animals that died without bleeding, by <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">their own death</q>; the meat of such an animal was
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considered unfit for food)</note>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>xædmælxor</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">питающийся дохлятиной</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">scavenger</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">bīræǧ nard <oRef/> xordta</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">волк поедал жирную дохлятину</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the wolf was eating a fat, dead animal</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
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<biblScope>85</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">īw xæʒaræn sæ gal færynḱyn; k˳y fæxædmal wa
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ūmæj tærsgæjæ ævsymærtæj īw æxsæxy galy cūr ysx˳yssyd cyrǧ kardīmæ; k˳yd ysx˳yssyd
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aftæ bafynæj æmæ bonmæ qal dær nal racī; gal ævægæsægæj <oRef>nyxxædmæl</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">у одной семьи (<q>дома</q>) заболел бык;
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опасаясь, как бы он не сдох незарезанным, один из братьев ночью лег возле быка с
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острым ножом; как он залег, так и заснул и до утра так и не просыпался; бык (будучи)
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без присмотра сдох</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a family had a sick bull (<q>at home</q>);
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earing that it might not die without being slaughtered, one of the brothers lay down
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at night near the bull with a sharp knife; as he lay down, he fell asleep and did
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not wake up until morning; the bull (being) unattended died</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ИАА"/>
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<biblScope>II 311</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mūsy <oRef>fæxædmæl</oRef> max īwnæg cʼæx
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qūg</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">на току околела наша единственная серая
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корова</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">our one and only gray cow croaked on the
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bale</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Bar."/>
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<biblScope>108</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">dæwaw <oRef>xædmælxor</oRef> daen?</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">нешто я питаюсь дохлятиной подобно тебе?</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">do I eat dead meat like you?</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Брит."/>
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<biblScope>7</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(xalonmæ:) wærtæ
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<oRef>xwædmælxwar</oRef>!</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(обращаясь к вороне:) ты там, питающаяся
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дохлятиной!</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(turning to the crow:) you there, you dead
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meat-eater!</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Диг._сказ."/>
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<biblScope>24</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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</exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">См. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xæd-"/> и <ref type="xr" target="#entry_mælyn"/>. Аналогичные выражения, означающие естественную (не
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насильственную) смерть в применении также к человеку, имеются в других иранских языках:
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<mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="peo"><lang/>
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<w>(h)urvāmaršiyuš</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
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<w>γwty mwrty</w></mentioned>
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<note type="comment">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_TPhS"/>
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<biblScope>2 323—338</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
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<w>waδ-mīrī</w>
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<note type="comment">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Arch._Or."/>
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<date>1968</date>
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<biblScope>XXXI 13</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>marg-i xūd</w></mentioned> и др. (<bibl><author>Schulze</author>
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<title>Der Tod des Kambyzes</title>
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<publisher>SPAW</publisher>
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<date>1912</date>, <biblScope>стр. 685—703</biblScope></bibl>. —
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<bibl><author>Asmussen</author>, <author>Temenos</author>, <author>Turku</author>
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<date>1968</date>
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<biblScope>III 7—10</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Lazard</author>
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<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSL"/>
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<date>1976</date>
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<biblScope>LXXI 175—178</biblScope></bibl>).</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">See <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xæd-"/> and <ref type="xr" target="#entry_mælyn"/>. Similar expressions meaning natural (not violent) death as
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applied also to human beings are found in other Iranian languages: <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="peo"><lang/>
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<w>(h)urvāmaršiyuš</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
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<w>γwty mwrty</w></mentioned>
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<note type="comment">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_TPhS"/>
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<biblScope>2 323—338</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
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<w>waδ-mīrī</w>
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<note type="comment">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Arch._Or."/>
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<date>1968</date>
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<biblScope>XXXI 13</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>marg-i xūd</w></mentioned>, etc. (<bibl><author>Schulze</author>
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<title>Der Tod des Kambyzes</title>
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<publisher>SPAW</publisher>
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<date>1912</date>, <biblScope>pp. 685—703</biblScope></bibl>. —
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<bibl><author>Asmussen</author>, <author>Temenos</author>, <author>Turku</author>
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<date>1968</date>
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<biblScope>III 7—10</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Lazard</author>
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<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSL"/>
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<date>1976</date>
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<biblScope>LXXI 175—178</biblScope></bibl>).</etym>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI>
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