398 lines
22 KiB
XML
398 lines
22 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">xælæf</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_xælæf" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="complete">
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<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231024T212249+0300" comment="Russian checked + English"?>
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<form xml:id="form_d3063e66" type="lemma"><orth>xælæf</orth></form><?oxy_comment_end ?>
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<sense>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d3063e69">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>жадность</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>greed</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>жадное расхватывание чего-либо</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>greedy snatching of something</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>жадное кидание на что-либо (толпой, массой)</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>greedy rush at something (in a crowd)</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">также (преимущественно в дигорском) </note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">also (mainly in Digor) </note>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>сильная спешка</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>great hurry</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>xælæf kænyn</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">жадно, в сильной спешке устремляться,
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кидаться на что-либо</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">to strive, rush at something greedily, in a
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great hurry</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>расхватывать</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>snatch away</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>расхищать (толпой, массой)</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>plunder (in a crowd)</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>xælæfæj</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">нарасхват</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">greedily</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">также </note>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>второпях</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="en">also </note>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>hastily</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>поспешно</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>in a hurry</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>стремительно</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>headlong</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>xælæjfag</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">то, что стало предметом расхищения,
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расхвата</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">that which became the object of plunder,
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snatching</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>добыча</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>spoils</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">qæwty cydæriddær bazzad ma ’zmælægæj, dardæj
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sæ razmæ cydysty <oRef>xælæfgængæ</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">все, что осталось в аулах живого
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(<q>движущегося</q>), издалека шли им (воинам) навстречу в великой спешке</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">all that remained alive (<q>moving</q>) in the
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village, came facing them (the warriors) from afar in a great hurry</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
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<biblScope>133</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(cwan yn) ræstmæ fæcī; syrdtæ jæ razmæ
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<oRef>xælæf</oRef> kodtoj</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(на охоте) ему повезло; звери массой
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устремлялись ему навстречу</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(during the hunt) he was lucky; the animals
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hurried towards him in a bulk</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
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<biblScope>77</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">bīræǧtæ… <oRef>xælæfæj</oRef> qūǵy mardæj
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kæmæn cas æntyst ūjas tydta</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">волки с жадностью отрывали от трупа коровы кто
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сколько мог</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the wolves greedily snatched away from the
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cow’s body as much as one could</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ИАА"/>
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<biblScope>II 380</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">fīdīsæn myn fæʒūrync, <oRef>xælæfy</oRef>,
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dam, dæ xaj nīk˳y fæwaid, axæm æg˳yʒæg, dam, dæ</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">меня попрекают, при расхвате (чего-либо,
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какой-либо добычи) тебе, говорят, не достанется доли, настолько, говорят, ты
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беспомощен</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">they reproach me, during plundering (of
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something, some spoils) to you, they say, there will be no share, so helpless you
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are, they say</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_F."/>
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<date>1972</date>
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<biblScope>VII 56</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef/>, læppūtæ!</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">хватайте, ребята!</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">snatch it, lads!</q>
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</tr>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mæ k’abæztæ xalættæn nyr wal festy
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<oRef>xælæjfag</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">мои конечности стали теперь добычей ворон</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">my limbs have now become the prey of crows</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Темыр."/>
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<biblScope>41</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef/> ma rakænæ, baolæfæ</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">не спеши, отдохни</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">do not hurry, have a rest</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_DZ"/>
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<biblScope>76</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ordæmæ <oRef/> kænun</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">спешу туда</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I am hurrying there</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЯФ_I"/>
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<biblScope>431</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">saǧæs bakænæ, ma kænæ <oRef/>!</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">подумай хорошенько, не спеши!</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">think well, do not hurry!</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Gurdž._Æduli"/>
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<biblScope>97</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">fæjnerdæmæ <oRef>xælæfæj</oRef>
|
|||
|
|
wajuncæ</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">бегут в спешке во все стороны</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">they run hurriedly in all directions</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_SD"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>287</biblScope><hi>₄</hi></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
|
|||
|
|
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">fætk’utæ ægzælun bajdædtoncæ, æma si alkedær
|
|||
|
|
<oRef>xælæf</oRef> kænun bajdædta</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">яблоки стали осыпаться, и каждый стал их жадно
|
|||
|
|
расхватывать</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the apples started falling down, and each one
|
|||
|
|
started snatching them greedily</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Диг._сказ."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>44</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
|
|||
|
|
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>xælæfi</oRef> æmburd</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">срочное собрание</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">urgent gathering</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Bes._Ka_ke"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>66</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
|
|||
|
|
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">xisti <oRef>xælæjfag</oRef> fæcæj mæ
|
|||
|
|
bazajrag</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">мой товар стал предметом расхищения, как на
|
|||
|
|
поминках</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">my wares became the object of plunder, like
|
|||
|
|
during a funeral repast</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_SD"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>273<hi>₃</hi></biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
</exampleGrp>
|
|||
|
|
<etym xml:lang="ru">Следует рассматривать как вариацию слова <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kæræf"><w>kæræf</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>жадный</q></gloss> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ИЭС_I"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>581</biblScope></bibl>)</ref>. Для колебания <c>k-</c> || <c>x-</c> ср.
|
|||
|
|
<ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼæʒ"/> || <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xæʒ"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼinsæ"/> || <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xyssæ"/>, для
|
|||
|
|
<c>r</c> || <c>l</c> — <ref type="xr" target="#entry_marǧ"/> || <ref type="xr" target="#entry_marǧ"><w>mælǧæ</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qær"/> || <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qælæs"/> и др. Понятие <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">жадности</q> абстрагируется от конкретных актов хищничества. Поэтому правомерно
|
|||
|
|
сближать <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kæræf"/> || <oRef/> с <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>xraf-stra</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>хищник</q></gloss></mentioned>. Близкие по звучанию и значению слова
|
|||
|
|
распознаются в других языках, например <mentioned><mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>храп</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>нахал</q>, <q>наглец</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><w>нахрап</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>наглый грабеж</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><w>взять
|
|||
|
|
храпом, нахрапом</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>взять силой</q></gloss></mentioned>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="comment">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Даль"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>IV 564</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><w>харапуга</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>нахал</q>, <q>дерзкий человек</q></gloss>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="comment">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Даль"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>IV 542</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="ru"><w>шарап</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>ограбление</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><w>взять на
|
|||
|
|
шарап</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>разграбить, расхватать по рукам, кому что
|
|||
|
|
попадется</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><w>шарап, ребята!</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>призыв на захват, на расхищенье</q></gloss></mentioned>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="comment">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Даль"/></bibl>)</note>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="comment">(ср. выше <mentioned xml:lang="os"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>xælæf, lappūtæ!</w></mentioned>)</note></mentioned></mentioned>. Čp., далее,
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="xmf"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>xarbi</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>жадный</q>, <q>алчный</q></gloss></mentioned>. Если между приведенными словами
|
|||
|
|
есть действительно какая-то связь, то скорее за счет звуковой символики, чем за счет
|
|||
|
|
исконного родства или заимствования. — Ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kæræf"/>.</etym>
|
|||
|
|
<etym xml:lang="en">Should be viewed as a variation of <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kæræf"><w>kæræf</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>greedy</q></gloss> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ИЭС_I"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>581</biblScope></bibl>)</ref>. For the alternation <c>k-</c> ‖ <c>x-</c>
|
|||
|
|
cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼæʒ"/> ‖ <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xæʒ"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼinsæ"/> ‖ <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xyssæ"/>, for
|
|||
|
|
<c>r</c> ‖ <c>l</c>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_marǧ"/> ‖ <ref type="xr" target="#entry_marǧ"><w>mælǧæ</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qær"/> || <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qælæs"/> etc. The notion of <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">greed</q> is an abstraction from specific predatory acts. It is thus legitimate to
|
|||
|
|
connect <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kæræf"/> || <oRef/> with <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>xraf-stra</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>predator</q></gloss></mentioned>. Words close in form and meaning are
|
|||
|
|
recognizable in other languages, e.g. <mentioned><mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>xrap</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>impudent person</q>, <q>insolent fellow</q></gloss></mentioned>,
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="ru"><w>naxrap</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>impudent robbery</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><w>vzjatʼ xrapom, naxrapom</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>take by force</q></gloss></mentioned>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="comment">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Даль"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>IV 564</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><w>xarapuga</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>impudent person</q>, <q>daring person</q></gloss>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="comment">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Даль"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>IV 542</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="ru"><w>šarap</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>robbery</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><w>vzjatʼ na
|
|||
|
|
šarap</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>plunder, snatch away, whatever one gets</q></gloss></mentioned>,
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="ru"><w>šarap, rebjata!</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>call for capture, plundering</q></gloss></mentioned>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="comment">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Даль"/></bibl>)</note>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="comment">(cf. above <mentioned xml:lang="os"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>xælæf, lappūtæ!</w></mentioned>)</note></mentioned></mentioned>. Cf., further,
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="xmf"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>xarbi</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>greedy</q>, <q>avaricious</q></gloss></mentioned>. If there is indeed any
|
|||
|
|
connection between these words, it is more likely due to sound symbolism than to genetic
|
|||
|
|
relationship or borrowing. — Cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kæræf"/>.</etym>
|
|||
|
|
</entry>
|
|||
|
|
</body>
|
|||
|
|
</text>
|
|||
|
|
</TEI>
|