267 lines
17 KiB
XML
267 lines
17 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">xælæg</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_xælæg" xml:lang="os-x-iron" abv:completeness="english-questions">
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<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231024T213202+0300" comment="Russian checked + English"?>
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<form xml:id="form_d4494e66" type="lemma"><orth>xælæg</orth></form><?oxy_comment_end ?>
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<sense>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d4494e69">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>зависть</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>envy</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>завистливый</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>envious</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_socʼa" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
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<w>socʼa</w>
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<gloss>id.</gloss></ref>; ср. также <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xicæ" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
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<w>xicæ</w></ref></note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_socʼa" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
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<w>socʼa</w>
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<gloss>id.</gloss></ref>; cf. also <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xicæ" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
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<w>xicæ</w></ref></note>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth><oRef>xælæg</oRef> kænyn</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">завидовать</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">to envy</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>зариться</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>covet</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">также </note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">также </note>
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<q>жалеть</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<note type="comment">also </note>
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<q>to save, spare</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<example xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>xælæg</oRef> æm ærkast</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ему стало жалко (отдать и т. п.)</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he became
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<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231106T133141+0300" comment="?"?>reluctant<?oxy_comment_end ?>
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(to give away etc.)</q>
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</tr>
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</example>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mæ arxajd, mæ tyxmæ læg kodta <oRef/></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">люди (<q>человек</q>) завидовали моей (умелой)
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работе, моей силе</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">people (<q>the man</q>) envied my (skillful)
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work, my strength</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
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<biblScope>57</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Ḱysangomy æxsīntæ dæm <oRef/>
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kænʒysty</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">княгини Ксанского ущелья будут тебе
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завидовать</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the princesses of the Ksan gorge will envy
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you</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
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<biblScope>19</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mænæn dæ k’ūxæj mælæt ma <oRef>baxælæg</oRef>
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kæn</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">не пожалей для меня смерти от твоей руки</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">do not spare me the death from your hand</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
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<biblScope>46</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">næ wynaffæjy styr q˳yddag kæm īs, ūm qwamæ
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alḱī dær jæ zond ma <oRef>baxælæg</oRef> kæna</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">так как на нашем совете стоит большое дело
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(важный вопрос), то пусть каждый не пожалеет своего ума (для его решения)</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">since a large affair (important question) is at
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our council, may each of us not spare his intelligence (to resolve it)</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Брит."/>
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<biblScope>101</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mæ ḱysylæj mæ zærondy bonmæ wyn mæ zond nīk˳y
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<oRef>baxælæg</oRef> kodton</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">с малолетства до старости я никогда не пожалел
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для вас своего ума</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">from young age until old age I never spared my
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intelligence for you</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭп."/>
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<biblScope>23</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">…tyng <oRef>baxælæg</oRef> kodta ældary
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bajragmæ…; æxsæv æj x˳yssæg nal axsta fyr <oRef>xælægæj</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">он сильно зарился на княжеского жеребенка; сон
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его не брал по ночам от зависти</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he strongly coveted the prince’s colt; sleep
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didn’t catch him at night due to envy</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ИАА"/>
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<biblScope>II 88</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ægær zyd æmæ <oRef/> adæjmag wyd</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">он был слишком жадный и завистливый человек</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he was too stingy and envious a man</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
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<date>1961</date>
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<biblScope>III 68</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef/> æmæ xælmagæj fæcær!</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">живи в зависти и в струпьях!</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">live in envy and in scabs!</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">? бранное
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выражение</note><note xml:lang="en" type="comment">? expression of
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abuse</note></bibl>
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</example>
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</exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru"><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Зависть</q> как психическая <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">боль</q> могла ассоциироваться с болью физической. Ср. в
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этом плане <ref type="xr" target="#entry_socʼa" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
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<w>soc’a</w>
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<gloss><q>зависть</q><note type="comment">, буквально <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">жжение</q></note></gloss></ref>. Поэтому нет препятствий, чтобы возводить <oRef/>
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к <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">hvaryaka-</w></mentioned> и сближать с
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<mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>xᵛara-</w>
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<gloss><q>рана</q></gloss></mentioned>. Сюда, далее, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="goh"><lang/>
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<w>swero</w>
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<gloss><q>боль</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
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<w>Schwäre</w>
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<gloss><q>язва</q>, <q>нарыв</q> и пр.</gloss></mentioned>
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<note type="comment">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
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<biblScope>1050</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Та же база <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">hwar-</w></mentioned> распознается в <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>xʷāri</w>
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<gloss><q>оскорбление</q>, <q>унижение</q>, <q>угнетенное
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состояние</q></gloss></mentioned> и в <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æfxæryn" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
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<w xml:lang="os-x-iron">æfxæryn</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">æfxwærun</w>
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<gloss><q>обижать</q> и пр.</gloss>
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<note type="comment">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ИЭС_I"/>
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<biblScope>117—118</biblScope></bibl>)</note></ref>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>xælmag</w></mentioned> | <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>xwælmag</w></mentioned>
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<gloss><q>струп</q></gloss></mentioned>. В сочетании <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="os"><phr>xælæg æmæ xælmag</phr></mentioned></mentioned>, быть может, <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">просвечивает</q> старое, физическое значение слова
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<oRef/>, тогда следует переводить не <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">зависть и
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струп</q>, а <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">язва и струп</q>. Не исключено, однако, что
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<c>x-</c> в <oRef/> — протетический. В этом случае <w type="rec">ælæg</w> (<mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">alaka-</w></mentioned>) можно сблизить со <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
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<w>alъkati</w>
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<gloss><q>сильно желать</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
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<w>alkanas</w>
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<gloss><q>голодный</q></gloss></mentioned>.<lb/><bibl>Вс. <author>Миллер</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">ОЭ</ref>
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<biblScope>III 150</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en"><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Envy</q> as psychological <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">pain</q> could be associated with physical pain. Cf. in
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this respect <ref type="xr" target="#entry_socʼa" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
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<w>soc’a</w>
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<gloss><q>the envy</q><note type="comment">, literally <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">burning</q></note></gloss></ref>. There is thus no obstacle that prevents
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reconstruction <oRef/> as <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">hvaryaka-</w></mentioned> and bringing it together with <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>xᵛara-</w>
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<gloss><q>a wound</q></gloss></mentioned>. Further cognates are <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="goh"><lang/>
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<w>swero</w>
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<gloss><q>pain</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
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<w>Schwäre</w>
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<gloss><q>ulcer</q>, <q>abscess</q> etc.</gloss></mentioned>
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<note type="comment">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
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<biblScope>1050</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. The same stem <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">hwar-</w></mentioned> is recognized in <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>xʷāri</w>
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<gloss><q>offense</q>, <q>humiliation</q>, <q>oppressed state</q></gloss></mentioned>
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and in <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æfxæryn" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
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<w xml:lang="os-x-iron">æfxæryn</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">æfxwærun</w>
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<gloss><q>offend</q> etc.</gloss>
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<note type="comment">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ИЭС_I"/>
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<biblScope>117—118</biblScope></bibl>)</note></ref>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>xælmag</w></mentioned> | <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>xwælmag</w></mentioned>
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<gloss><q>scab</q></gloss></mentioned>. The combination <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="os"><phr>xælæg æmæ xælmag</phr></mentioned></mentioned> could reflect the
|
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older, physical meaning of the word <oRef/>; then it should be translated not as <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">envy and scab</q>, but as <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">ulcer and scab</q>. It is not excluded, however, that the
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<c>x-</c> in <oRef/> is prothetic. In this case, <w type="rec">ælæg</w> (<mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">alaka-</w></mentioned>) can be compared to <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
|
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<w>alъkati</w>
|
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<gloss><q>wish strongly</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
|
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<w>alkanas</w>
|
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<gloss><q>hungry</q></gloss></mentioned>.<lb/><bibl>Ws. <author>Miller</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">OÈ</ref>
|
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<biblScope>III 150</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
|
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</entry>
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</body>
|
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</text>
|
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</TEI>
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