233 lines
16 KiB
XML
233 lines
16 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">xæræfyrt</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_xæræfyrt" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
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<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231025T180655+0300" comment="Russian checked + English"?>
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<form xml:id="form_d4676e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>xæræfyrt</orth></form><?oxy_comment_end ?>
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<form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>xwærifurt</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d4676e69">
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<def xml:lang="ru">термин родства</def>
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<def xml:lang="en">kinship term</def>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">буквальный перевод </note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">буквальный перевод </note>
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<q>сын сестры</q>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> был бы неточен</note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> был бы неточен</note>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<note type="comment">its literal translation </note>
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<q>sister’s son</q>
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<note type="comment"> would be imprecise</note>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">термин унаследован от родового строя, и выражение
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<mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>mæ xæræfyrt</w></mentioned> может означать не только <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">сын моей сестры</q>, но </note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">the term is inherited from tribal society, and the
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expression <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>mæ xæræfyrt</w></mentioned> may mean not just <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">the sone of my sister</q>, but </note>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">любой потомок любой женщины моего рода</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">any descendant of any woman of my clan</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<note type="bibl" xml:lang="ru"> (см. сб.: <bibl><title>Энгельс и языкознание</title>,
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<pubPlace>М.</pubPlace>, <date>1972</date>, <biblScope>стр.
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240—241</biblScope></bibl>)</note>
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</sense>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">. Аналогичная семантика у абхазов (<bibl><title>Христ.
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Восток</title>
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<biblScope>V 191 сл.</biblScope></bibl>). </note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">. The same meaning is found among the Abkhazians
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(<bibl><title>Xristianskij vostok</title> [The Christian Orient] <biblScope>V 191
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ff.</biblScope></bibl>). </note>
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<re>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">Дети (или потомки) двух сестер доводятся друг другу </note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">The children (or descendants) of two sisters are each
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other’s </note>
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<form type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>æmxæræfyrttæ</orth></form>
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<form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>ænxwærifurttæ</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">соплеменниками</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">kinsmen</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">. <oRef>Xæræfyrt</oRef> у осетин поддерживал тесные связи
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с родней своей матери (<mentioned xml:lang="os"><phr>mady ’rvadæltæ</phr></mentioned>) и
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всегда мог рассчитывать на теплый прием и защиту с ее стороны. Существует поговорка:
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<mentioned xml:lang="os"><s>xæræfyrt — k’æjyl lijag</s>
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<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes"><oRef>xæræfyrt</oRef> может испражняться на
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плите очага (у родни матери)</q>, т. е. ему все позволено</gloss></mentioned>. Герои
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осетинского национального эпоса (сказаний о Нартах) происходят по матери от водных
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божеств, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_Donbettyr"><name>Донбетров</name></ref>. И мы
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видим, что они в качестве <oRef>xæræfyrt</oRef> подолгу живут у <ref type="xr" target="#entry_Donbettyr"><name>Донбетров</name></ref>, а некоторые проводят там все
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детство. Во всем этом слышны отзвуки матрилокальной семьи, через которую прошли предки
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осетин, как и многие другие народы. Сын сестры под покровительством родни по матери мог
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позволять себе всякие излишества. Поэтому <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
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<w>nepos</w>
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<gloss><q>сын сестры</q> означает также <q>мот</q>, <q>кутила</q></gloss></mentioned>. А
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об этрусках <name>Фест</name> сообщает: <quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Nepos
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luxuriosus a Tuscis dicitur</q> (см. <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Schrader"/>
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<biblScope>II 110—111, статья <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Neffenrecht</q></biblScope></bibl>)</quote></note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">. Among the Ossetians <oRef>xæræfyrt</oRef> maintained
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close relations with his mother’s relatives (<mentioned xml:lang="os"><phr>mady
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’rvadæltæ</phr></mentioned>) and could always count on cordial welcome and defense on
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her part. An expression exists: <mentioned xml:lang="os"><s>xæræfyrt — kʼæjyl lijag</s>
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<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes"><oRef>xæræfyrt</oRef> may defecate on the
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hearthstone (at his mother’s relatives)</q>, i.e. everything is allowed to
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him</gloss></mentioned>. The heroes of the Ossetian national epic (Nart tales) are
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descended from the mother of the water deities, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_Donbettyr"><name>Donbettyr</name>s</ref>. And we see that, as <oRef>xæræfyrt</oRef>s, they stay
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at the <ref type="xr" target="#entry_Donbettyr"><name>Donbettyr</name>s</ref> for a long
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time, and some spend their whole childhood there. All of this has the echoes of the
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matrilocal family, which Ossetians must have had in the past, like many other peoples.
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Various excesses were permissible to the sister’s son under the patronage of his mother’s
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relatives. This is why <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
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<w>nepos</w>
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<gloss><q>sister’s son</q> also means <q>spendthrift</q>,
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<q>flaneur</q></gloss></mentioned>. Of the Etruscans <name>Festus</name> reports:
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<quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Nepos luxuriosus a Tuscis dicitur</q> (see
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Schrader"/>
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<biblScope>II 110—111, <?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231029T214506+0300" comment="?"?>entry<?oxy_comment_end ?>
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<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Neffenrecht</q></biblScope></bibl>)</quote></note>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">īw <oRef>xæræfyrt</oRef> ta ciw! raddænt nyn
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farast!</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">что в одном племяннике! пусть (боги) дадут нам
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девять!</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">what use is there in one nephew! may (the
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deities) give us nine!</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
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<biblScope>144</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Bætæ… jæ <oRef>xæræfyrtīmæ</oRef> gænaxy
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bacyd</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Бата со своим племянником вошел в крепость</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Bætæ with his nephew came into the fortress</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Хар._Кадӕг"/>
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<biblScope>10</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef/>… barǵyn ū</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">сын сестры наделен (большими) правами</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the sister’s son is endowed with (far-reaching)
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rights</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Нафи"/>
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<biblScope>35</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">æz dæn X˳ycawy <oRef/> Amyran</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">я (по матери) - племянник Божий Амиран</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I am (at my mother’s side) God’s nephew
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Amiran</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
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<biblScope>II 13</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">æmadi ærvaddæltæ in <oRef>xwærifurti</oRef>
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lævaræn sawlox bæx balævar kodtoncæ</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">его родня по матери в качестве подарка
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(подобающего) сыну сестры подарила ему коня шавлоховской породы</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">his mother’s relatives as a gift (befitting)
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the sister’s son gave him a horse of the Sawlokh breed</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
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<date>1949</date>
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<biblScope>II 29</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">etæ duwwæ <oRef>ænxwærifurti</oRef>
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razinnuncæ</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">они оказываются сыновьями двух сестер</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">they turn out to be the sons of two sisters</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Диг._сказ."/>
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<biblScope>56</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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</exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">См. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xo"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xwæræ"/>
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<gloss><q>сестра</q></gloss> и <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fyrt"><w>fyrt</w>
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<gloss><q>сын</q></gloss></ref>. В иронском сестра зовется <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xo"/> и только в данном сложении находим и. <w>xæræ-</w> как своего рода
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<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">дигоризм</q>. По образованию ср. <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231025T180635+0300" comment="почти точно опечатка, должно быть xāhar"?>xahārzādah<?oxy_comment_end ?></w>
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<gloss><q>сын (или дочь) сестры</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
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<phr type="rec">xwāri zātak</phr>
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<gloss>id.</gloss></mentioned> В отличие от архаичного композита, каким является <oRef/>
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<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">сын сестры</q></gloss>, племянник и племянница по
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мужской линии зовутся описательно <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>ævsymæry læppū</w>
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<gloss><q>сын брата</q></gloss></mentioned> и <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>ævsymæry
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ḱyzg</w>
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<gloss><q>дочь брата</q></gloss></mentioned>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
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<biblScope>29, 63</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">See <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xo"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xwæræ"/>
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<gloss><q>sister</q></gloss> and <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fyrt"><w>fyrt</w>
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<gloss><q>son</q></gloss></ref>. In Iron the sister is called <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xo"/>, and only in this compound do we find Iron <w>xæræ-</w> as a sort
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of <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Digorism</q>. By derivation cf. <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>xāharzādah</w>
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<gloss><q>son (or daughter) of sister</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
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<phr type="rec">xwāri zātak</phr>
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<gloss>id.</gloss></mentioned> Unlike the archaic compound <oRef/>
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<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">сын сестры</q></gloss>, the male-line nephew and
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niece are called descriptively <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>ævsymæry læppū</w>
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<gloss><q>brother’s son</q></gloss></mentioned> and <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>ævsymæry
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ḱyzg</w>
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<gloss><q>brother’s daughter</q></gloss></mentioned>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
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<biblScope>29, 63</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI>
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