299 lines
25 KiB
XML
299 lines
25 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">x˳ymællæg</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_x0ymællæg" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="incomplete">
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<form xml:id="form_d1918e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>x˳ymællæg</orth></form>
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<form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>xumællæg</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d1918e69">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>хмель</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>hop</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>Humulus</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>Humulus</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">cʼīw bælasyl k˳y abadti, ūm
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<oRef>x˳ymællæg</oRef> k˳y ratydta, ærtæ gagajy ʒy k˳y axordta, stæj xūrtwanyl k˳y
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abadtī, zady næmyg k˳y axordta, zæxxyl dyn wæd k˳y axawdta, ratūl-batul k˳y
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bajdydta</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">птичка села на дерево, сорвала там хмель, съела
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из него три зернышка, потом села на рассыпанное (для просушки) зерно, поклевала
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зерно солода, (и) тогда упала на землю, стала кататься (по земле) (опьянела)</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the bird sat on a tree, plucked hops there, ate
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three grains from it, then sat on the scattered (for drying) grain, pecked at the
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grain of malt, (and) then fell to the ground, began to roll on the ground
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(drunk)</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><biblScope><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">How did beer come from?</q></biblScope></bibl>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Нарт._сказ."/>
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<biblScope>59</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">aly cændyl dæ <oRef>x˳ymællæg</oRef>
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</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">на каждой куче камней (у пашни) предназначенный
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для тебя хмель</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">on every heap of stones (near the arable land)
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there is hops intended for you</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><biblScope>from a hymn to the deity
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Alarda</biblScope></bibl>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
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<biblScope>II 103</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">færvy <oRef>x˳ymællægæj</oRef> dæ
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bægæniag</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">из ольхового хмеля тебе пиво</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">from alder hops beer for you</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><biblScope>from the same
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hymn</biblScope></bibl>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭ"/>
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<biblScope>I 102</biblScope></bibl>
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<note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="ru" type="footnote"><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Из хмеля, который вьется вокруг ольхи. Такой хмель
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считается лучшим</q> (примечание <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/>
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<biblScope>ОЭ 1 132<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">179</hi></biblScope></bibl>).</note>
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<note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" type="footnote"><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">From hops that curl around an alder tree. This hop is
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considered the best</q> (footnote <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/>
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<biblScope>ОЭ I 132<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">179</hi></biblScope></bibl>).</note>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">x˳ymællægæj су kæny? bægæny ʒy yskæna</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">зачем ей хмель? чтобы приготовить из него
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пиво</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">why does she need hops? to make beer out of
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it</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Зар."/>
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<biblScope>138</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Soslan raarfæ kodta æxsæræ æma
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<oRef>xumællægæn</oRef>: adæmæn wæ xucaw xwasæ fækkænæd</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Сослан благословил орешник и хмель: пусть бог
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сделает вас благом для людей</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Soslan blessed hazel and hops: may God make you
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a boon for people</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
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<biblScope>II 19</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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</exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Восходит к <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">hauma-aryaka-</w>
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<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">арийский <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">хом</hi></q></gloss></mentioned>. Первая часть — <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>hauma-</w>
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<gloss><q><hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">хом</hi></q></gloss></mentioned> — название
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растения, из которого индоиранские народы изготовляли священный опьяняющий напиток,
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чтившийся ими как божество. Для приготовления этого напитка использовались в разных
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регионах индоиранского мира разные растения, чаще всего хвойник, Ephedra vulgaris. На
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скифо-сарматской почве в этой роли преобладал хмель, издавна распространенный в умеренных
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широтах Европы и Азии, в том числе на территории расселения скифских (сакских,
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массагетских, сарматских) племен. Ср. <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>howm</w>
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<gloss><q>хвойник</q>, <q>эфедра</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
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<w>Hōmak</w>
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<gloss>личное имя</gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Justi"/></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>haoma-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>soma-</w></mentioned>
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<gloss>название растения и священного напитка</gloss></mentioned>. Культ <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">хома</hi> был распространен среди сакских племен. Одно из
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этих племен в древнеперсидских надписях так и зовется — <mentioned xml:lang="peo"><phr>Sakā hauma-vargā</phr>
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<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">саки, чтущие хом</q></gloss></mentioned>.
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Bailey замечает в связи с этим: <quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">The <mentioned xml:lang="peo"><phr>hauma-vargā</phr></mentioned> would then be the Saka
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particularly devoted to the hauma-cult</q></quote> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_JRAS"/>
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<biblScope>1972, N 2, стр. 105</biblScope></bibl>). Имена божеств нередко снабжались
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эпитетом <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>arya-</w>
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<gloss><q>арийский</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Grassmann"/>
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<biblScope>115</biblScope></bibl>). Из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">hauma-aryaka-</w></mentioned> в осетинском закономерно получилось <w>xum-ællæg</w>
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(<c>au</c> перед носовым сужается, ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_q0yn"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">q˳yn</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">ǧun</w>
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<gloss><q>шерсть</q></gloss></ref> из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">gauna-</w></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sym"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">sym</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">sym</w>
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<gloss><q>звук</q></gloss></ref> из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">srauma-</w></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sīn"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">šīn</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">sujnæ</w>
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<gloss><q>бедро</q></gloss></ref> из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">srauni-</w></mentioned>; <c>ry</c> → <c>li</c>, ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_allon"/> из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">āryana-</w></mentioned> и др.). Рядом c формой <oRef>xumællæg</oRef> могла существовать
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форма без форманта <mentioned xml:lang="os"><m>-æg</m></mentioned> (<mentioned xml:lang="ira"><m>-a-ka-</m></mentioned>), т. e. <w type="rec">xumæl</w> (<mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">hauma-arya-</w></mentioned>), ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zaræg"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">zaræg</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">zar</w>
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<gloss><q>зима</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zymæg"/> и <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zym_1"><w>zym</w>
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<gloss><q>зима</q></gloss></ref> (<mentioned xml:lang="os"><phr><w>saw</w>
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<w>zym</w></phr>
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<gloss><q>бесснежная зима</q></gloss></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zujmon" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
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<w>zujm-on</w>
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<gloss><q>зимний</q></gloss></ref>). Староосетинскому названию хмеля в его двух формах,
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<w type="rec">xumæl</w> и <oRef>xumællæg</oRef>, суждено было широко распространиться
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среди народов Европы и частично Азии. У славян: <mentioned xml:lang="orv"><lang/>
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<w>xъmelь</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>хмель</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="bg"><lang/>
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<w>хмел</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pl"><lang/>
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<w>chmiel</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cs"><lang/>
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<w>chmel</w></mentioned> и пр. У германцев: <mentioned xml:lang="non"><lang/>
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<w>humall</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ang"><lang/>
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<w>hymele</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sv"><lang/>
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<w>humle</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="gml"><lang/>
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<w>homele</w></mentioned>. Ср. далее <mentioned xml:lang="la-x-late"><lang/>
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<w>humulus</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fr"><lang/>
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<w>houblon</w>
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<note type="comment">(из <w type="rec">humulon</w>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fro"><lang/>
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<w>homlon</w>, <w>humlon</w>, <w>humolone</w>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Gamillscheg"/>
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<biblScope>528</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="el"><lang/>
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<w>χούμελι</w></mentioned>. У угро-финнов: <mentioned xml:lang="fi"><lang/>
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<w>humala</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="et"><lang/>
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<w>humal</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="x-mordvin"><lang/>
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<w>komla</w></mentioned>,
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<?oxy_comment_start author="jvsin" timestamp="20230506T223102+0300" comment="марийский?
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"?><mentioned xml:lang="chm"><lang/>
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<w>umela</w></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?>, <mentioned xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
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<w>komlo</w></mentioned>,
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<?oxy_comment_start author="jvsin" timestamp="20230506T223222+0300" comment="манси вогул"?><mentioned xml:lang="mns"><lang/>
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<w>kumlix</w></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?>. У тюркских народов: <mentioned xml:lang="xbo"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">xumlaɣ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cv"><lang/>
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<w>xumla</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="krc-x-balkar" extralang="krc-x-karachay"><lang/>
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<w>xumallag</w>, <w>xumellek</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ba"><lang/>
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<w>komalak</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="tt"><lang/>
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<w>kolmak</w></mentioned>,
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<?oxy_comment_start author="jvsin" timestamp="20230506T223524+0300" comment="казахский?"?><mentioned xml:lang="kk"><lang/>
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<w>kulmak</w></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?>. В кавказских языках: <mentioned xml:lang="av"><lang/>
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<w>xomeleg</w>, <w>xomeli</w>, <w>xumeli</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lbe"><lang/>
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<w>hamala-kkiž</w>, <w>humala-kkiž</w>
|
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<gloss><q>крессалат</q></gloss>
|
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|
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<note type="comment">(<w>kkiž</w>
|
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<gloss><q>стебель</q></gloss>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kbd"><lang/>
|
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<w>x́wəmbəlä</w></mentioned>. Все перечисленные слова восходят в конечном счете к
|
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|
скифскому (сакскому, сарматскому, аланскому) названию хмеля, но пути передвижения,
|
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|
|
хронологию и конкретные условия ареальных контактов для каждого отдельного слова уже
|
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|
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трудно установить. Культурное значение слова определяется прежде всего ролью хмеля при
|
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|
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изготовлении пива. Кто занимается историей пивоварения у каждого из перечисленных народов,
|
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|
|
должен неизбежно уделить внимание названию хмеля в этом языке. — См. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ælūton"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_bægæny"/>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Mélanges_Benveniste"/>
|
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|
|
<pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>, <date>1975</date>, <biblScope>стр.
|
|||
|
|
l—3</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
|
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|
|
<etym xml:lang="en">Goes back to <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">hauma-aryaka-</w>
|
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|
|
<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Aryan <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">haoma</hi></q></gloss></mentioned>. The first part — <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>hauma-</w></mentioned> — the name of the plant from which the Indo-Iranian peoples
|
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|
|
made a sacred intoxicating drink, revered by them as a deity. To prepare this drink,
|
|||
|
|
different plants were used in different regions of the Indo-Iranian world, most often
|
|||
|
|
ephedra, Ephedra vulgaris. In the Scythian-Sarmatian region, this role was dominated by
|
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|
|
hops, which have long been common in the temperate latitudes of Europe and Asia, including
|
|||
|
|
in the territory of the settlement of the Scythian (Saka, Massagetian, Sarmatian) tribes.
|
|||
|
|
Cf. <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>howm</w>
|
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|
|
<gloss><q>ephedra</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
|
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|
|
<w>Hōmak</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss>proper name</gloss>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Justi"/></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
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|
|
<w>haoma-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>soma-</w></mentioned>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss>the name of the plant and sacred drink</gloss></mentioned>. The cult of <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">haoma</hi> was widespread among the Saka tribes. One of
|
|||
|
|
these tribes in ancient Persian inscriptions is called <mentioned xml:lang="peo"><phr>Sakā
|
|||
|
|
hauma-vargā</phr>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Sakas worshiping hauma</q></gloss></mentioned>.
|
|||
|
|
<name>Bailey</name> notices: <quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">The <mentioned xml:lang="peo"><phr>hauma-vargā</phr></mentioned> would then be the Saka
|
|||
|
|
particularly devoted to the hauma-cult</q></quote> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_JRAS"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>1972, N 2, стр. 105</biblScope></bibl>). The names of deities were often
|
|||
|
|
supplied with an epithet <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>arya-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>Aryan</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Grassmann"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>115</biblScope></bibl>). From <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">hauma-aryaka-</w></mentioned> there is Ossetic <w>xum-ællæg</w> (<c>au</c> becomes
|
|||
|
|
narrow before the nasal consonant, cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_q0yn"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">q˳yn</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">ǧun</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>wool</q></gloss></ref> from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">gauna-</w></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sym"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">sym</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">sym</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>sound</q></gloss></ref> from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">srauma-</w></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sīn"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">šīn</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">sujnæ</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>thigh</q></gloss></ref> from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">srauni-</w></mentioned>; <c>ry</c> → <c>li</c>, cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_allon"/> from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">āryana-</w></mentioned> etc.). Near the form <oRef>xumællæg</oRef> there could be a
|
|||
|
|
form without the formant <mentioned xml:lang="os"><m>-æg</m></mentioned> (<mentioned xml:lang="ira"><m>-a-ka-</m></mentioned>), i. e. <w type="rec">xumæl</w> (<mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">hauma-arya-</w></mentioned>), cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zaræg"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">zaræg</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">zar</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>winter</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zymæg"/> and <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zym_1"><w>zym</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>winter</q></gloss></ref> (<mentioned xml:lang="os"><phr><w>saw</w>
|
|||
|
|
<w>zym</w></phr>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>snowless winter</q></gloss></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zujmon" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>zujm-on</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>winter</q></gloss></ref>). The Old Ossetic name for hops in its two forms, <w type="rec">xumæl</w> and <oRef>xumællæg</oRef>, was destined to spread widely among the
|
|||
|
|
peoples of Europe and partly of Asia. Cf. Slavic languages: <mentioned xml:lang="orv"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>xъmelь</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>xmelʼ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="bg"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>xmel</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pl"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>chmiel</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cs"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>chmel</w></mentioned> etc. Germanic: <mentioned xml:lang="non"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>humall</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ang"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>hymele</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sv"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>humle</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="gml"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>homele</w></mentioned>. Cf. further <mentioned xml:lang="la-x-late"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>humulus</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fr"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>houblon</w>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="comment">(from <w type="rec">humulon</w>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fro"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>homlon</w>, <w>humlon</w>, <w>humolone</w>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Gamillscheg"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>528</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="el"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>χούμελι</w></mentioned>. Finno-Ugric: <mentioned xml:lang="fi"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>humala</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="et"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>humal</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="x-mordvin"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>komla</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="chm"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>umela</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>komlo</w></mentioned>,
|
|||
|
|
<?oxy_comment_start author="jvsin" timestamp="20230506T223222+0300" comment="манси вогул"?><mentioned xml:lang="mns"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kumlix</w></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?>. Turkic: <mentioned xml:lang="xbo"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w type="rec">xumlaɣ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cv"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>xumla</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="krc-x-balkar" extralang="krc-x-karachay"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>xumallag</w>, <w>xumellek</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ba"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>komalak</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="tt"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kolmak</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kk"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kulmak</w></mentioned>. Caucasian: <mentioned xml:lang="av"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>xomeleg</w>, <w>xomeli</w>, <w>xumeli</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lbe"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>hamala-kkiž</w>, <w>humala-kkiž</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>garden cress</q></gloss>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="comment">(<w>kkiž</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>stem</q></gloss>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kbd"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>x́wəmbəlä</w></mentioned>. All of the above words ultimately go back to the Scythian
|
|||
|
|
(Saka, Sarmatian, Alanian) name for hops, but it is already difficult to establish the
|
|||
|
|
routes of movement, chronology and specific conditions of areal contacts for each
|
|||
|
|
individual word. The cultural meaning of the word is determined primarily by the role of
|
|||
|
|
hops in the beer brewing. Anyone who studies the history of brewing among each of the
|
|||
|
|
listed peoples must inevitably pay attention to the name of hops in this language. — See
|
|||
|
|
<ref type="xr" target="#entry_ælūton"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_bægæny"/>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Mélanges_Benveniste"/>
|
|||
|
|
<pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>, <date>1975</date>, <biblScope>pp.
|
|||
|
|
l—3</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
|
|||
|
|
</entry>
|
|||
|
|
</body>
|
|||
|
|
</text>
|
|||
|
|
</TEI>
|