265 lines
18 KiB
XML
265 lines
18 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">x˳ymætæg</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_x0ymætæg" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="incomplete">
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<form xml:id="form_d5781e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>x˳ymætæg</orth></form>
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<form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>xumætæg</orth></form>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">обычно в форме
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род. падежа </note><note xml:lang="en" type="comment">usually in the genitive form
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</note><orth>x˳ymætæǵy</orth></form>
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<form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>xumætægi</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">простой</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">simple</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>x˳ymætæǵy</oRef> qaztaw nyn lasy næ
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ūd</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">он тянет из нас душу, как будто мы простые
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гуси</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><?oxy_comment_start author="jvsin" timestamp="20230709T163345+0300" comment="https://archive.org/details/cu31924026691612/page/n55/mode/2up?view=theater
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стр. 20"?>and drives us, just like simple geese, still faster,
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faster<?oxy_comment_end ?></q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
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<biblScope>89, from the translation of the <name>Krylov</name>’ fable <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Geese</q></biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mæ færḱytæ wydysty <oRef>x˳ymætæǵy</oRef>
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æfsæjnag</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">мои спицы были из простого железа</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">my spokes were made of simple iron</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
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<biblScope>I 111</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Wæræsejy <oRef>x˳ymætæǵy</oRef> iron lægæn
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aficer xūdʒysty</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">в России простому осетину дадут (чин)
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офицера</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">in Russia, a simple Ossetian will be given the
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rank of officer</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Брит."/>
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<biblScope>138</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">fætæn qama <oRef>x˳ymætæǵy</oRef> gærzyn
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ronyl awyǧd</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">широкий кинжал висел на простом ременном
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поясе</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a wide dagger hung on a simple belt</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Arsen"/>
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<biblScope>29</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ūcy ūsyl nīk˳y fedton <oRef>x˳ymætæǵy</oRef>
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kælmærzæn — ærmæst zældag</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">на этой женщине я никогда не видел простого
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платка — только шелковый</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I have never seen a simple scarf on this woman
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— only a silk one</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_F."/>
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<biblScope>1962 VII 57</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>x˳ymætæg</oRef> xæxxon læg, k˳ysta
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jæxīcæn, jæ bīnonty dardta</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">простой горец, работал себе, содержал свою
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семью</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">simple highlander, worked for himself,
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supported his family</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Нафи"/>
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<biblScope>165</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">eci galtæ Qara Aslanbeg <oRef>xumætægi</oRef>
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galtæ ænǧaldta</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Кара Асланбег принял этих быков за простых (не
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жертвенных) быков</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Qara Aslanbeg mistook these bulls for simple
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(non-sacrificial) bulls</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Диг._сказ."/>
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<biblScope>6</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ǧæzdug æma xumætægi Cærugtæ sæ ædulijæn
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wezdon kizgæ... kurdtoncæ</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">богатые, но простые (по сословию) Царуговы
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сватали за своего дурачка (сына) знатную девушку</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">rich, but simple in class, the Tsarugovs wooed
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a noble girl for their fool (son)</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Gurdž._Æduli"/>
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<biblScope>70</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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</exampleGrp>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">x˳ymætæg næw!</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">вишь какой выискался! (<q>он не прост!</q>)</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">so that is what he is like! (<q>he is not
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simple</q>)</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><biblScope>talking about a person with
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unfounded claims</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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</exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Первоначально социальный термин, расширивший со временем свое
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семантическое поле. См. выше выражение <mentioned xml:lang="os"><phr><oRef/>
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<w>læg</w></phr>
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<gloss><q>простой (не знатный) человек</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Нафи"/></bibl>)</note></mentioned> и противопоставление <oRef>xumætæg</oRef> — <w>wezdon</w>
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<gloss><q>простой</q></gloss> — <gloss><q>знатный</q></gloss> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Gurdž._Æduli">Gurdž.</ref></bibl>). Вероятно, усвоено из <mentioned xml:lang="sla"><lang>слав.</lang>
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<w type="rec">kumet-</w></mentioned> с последующим наращением излюбленного форманта
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<mentioned xml:lang="os"><m>-æg</m></mentioned>. На славянской почве документируются
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существенно расходящиеся значения: с одной стороны, <gloss><q>витязь</q></gloss>,
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<gloss><q>дружинник</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>знатный человек</q></gloss>, с другой —
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<gloss><q>селянин</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>крестьянин</q></gloss>. <lang>Ос.</lang>
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<oRef>xumætæg</oRef> примыкает к этому второму значению. Ср. <mentioned xml:lang="cs"><lang/>
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<w>kmet</w>
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<gloss><q>крестьянин</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pl"><lang/>
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<w>kmieč</w>
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<gloss><q>мужик</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="prg"><lang/>
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<w>kumetis</w>
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<gloss><q>крестьянин</q></gloss></mentioned>. Слово одни считают заимствованием из
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<mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
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<w>comes</w>, <w>comitis</w>
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<gloss><q>спутник</q>, <q>товарищ</q></gloss></mentioned> или <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang>гр.</lang>
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<w>κωμήτης</w>
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<gloss><q>поселянин</q></gloss></mentioned>, другие — исконно славянским (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Vasmer._REW"/>
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<biblScope>I 578</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Schuster- Šewс</author>. <time>Zur
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Bezeichnung des Bauern im Slawischen: *cholpъ, *kъmetъ, *smṛdъ</time>. Zeitschr. fur
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Slaw. <date>1964</date>
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<biblScope>IX 246—252</biblScope></bibl>). Осетинское слово производит впечатление
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большой древности и говорит скорее в пользу второго решения, а также в пользу исконности
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значения <gloss><q>простой, незнатный человек</q></gloss>,
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<gloss><q>поселянин</q></gloss>.<note type="footnote">В пользу фракийского происхождения
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слова высказывается <bibl><author>Trelmer</author> (<title>Ethnogenese der
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Slaven</title>. <pubPlace>Wien</pubPlace>, <date>1951</date>)</bibl>. Ср. у
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<?oxy_comment_start author="jvsin" timestamp="20230507T143047+0300" comment="Дакский?"?><mentioned><lang>даков</lang>
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<w>κομήται</w>
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<gloss><q>дворяне низшего ранга</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Detschew</author>. <title>Die thrakischen
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Sprachreste</title>. <pubPlace>Wien</pubPlace>, <date>1957</date>,
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<biblScope>стр. 252</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?>.
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По <name>Дечеву</name>, примыкает к <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang>гр.</lang>
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<w>κομήτης</w>
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<gloss><q>волосатый</q></gloss></mentioned>.</note>
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<name>Schuster- Šewс</name> (там же, 247) приводит цитаты из Новгородской и Устюжской
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кормчих книг со словами: <quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">...къмети или простых
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людин...</q></quote>. — См. еще <ref type="xr" target="#entry_x0ymætæǵy"/>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
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<biblScope>333 сл</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">Originally a social term that expanded its semantic field over time. See
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above the expression <mentioned xml:lang="os"><phr><oRef/>
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<w>læg</w></phr>
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<gloss><q>simple (not noble) person</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Нафи"/></bibl>)</note></mentioned> and the opposition <oRef>xumætæg</oRef> — <w>wezdon</w>
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<gloss><q>simple</q></gloss> — <gloss><q>noble</q></gloss> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Gurdž._Æduli">Gurdž.</ref></bibl>). Probably, it was borrowed from
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<mentioned xml:lang="sla"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">kumet-</w></mentioned> with augmentation of the formant <mentioned xml:lang="os"><m>-æg</m></mentioned>. Significantly divergent meanings are documented in
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Slavic languages: on the one hand, <gloss><q>knight</q></gloss>,
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<gloss><q>combatant</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>a noble person</q></gloss>, on the other —
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<gloss><q>peasant</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>countryman</q></gloss>. <lang>Ossetic</lang>
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<oRef>xumætæg</oRef> is close to this second meaning. Cf. <mentioned xml:lang="cs"><lang/>
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<w>kmet</w>
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<gloss><q>peasant</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pl"><lang/>
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<w>kmieč</w>
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<gloss><q>man</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="prg"><lang/>
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<w>kumetis</w>
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<gloss><q>peasant</q></gloss></mentioned>. Some consider this word to be borrowed from
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<mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
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<w>comes</w>, <w>comitis</w>
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<gloss><q>companion</q>, <q>fellow</q></gloss></mentioned> or <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
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<w>κωμήτης</w>
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<gloss><q>villager</q></gloss></mentioned>, other — originally Slavic (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Vasmer._REW"/>
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<biblScope>I 578</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Schuster- Šewс</author>. <time>Zur
|
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Bezeichnung des Bauern im Slawischen: *cholpъ, *kъmetъ, *smṛdъ</time>. Zeitschr. fur
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Slaw. <date>1964</date>
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<biblScope>IX 246—252</biblScope></bibl>). The Ossetic word gives the impression of
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great antiquity and speaks rather in favor of the second solution, as well as in favor of
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the original meaning <gloss><q>simple, not noble man</q></gloss>,
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<gloss><q>villager</q></gloss>.<note type="footnote"><bibl><author>Trelmer</author>
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(<title>Ethnogenese der Slaven</title>. <pubPlace>Wien</pubPlace>,
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<date>1951</date>)</bibl> speaks in favour of the Thracian origin of the word. Cf. the
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Dacian word
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<?oxy_comment_start author="jvsin" timestamp="20230507T143047+0300" comment="Дакский?"?><mentioned xml:lang="txh"><w>κομήται</w>
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<gloss><q>low-ranking noble men</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Detschew</author>. <title>Die thrakischen
|
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Sprachreste</title>. <pubPlace>Wien</pubPlace>, <date>1957</date>, <biblScope>p.
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252</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?>. According to
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<name>Dečev</name>, is close to <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
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<w>κομήτης</w>
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<gloss><q>hairy</q></gloss></mentioned>.</note>
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<name>Schuster- Šewс</name> (ibid. 247) quotes from the Novgorod and Ustyug helmsmen’s
|
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books with the words: <quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">...kъmeti ili prostyx
|
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ljudin...</q></quote>. — See also <ref type="xr" target="#entry_x0ymætæǵy"/>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
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<biblScope>333 ff</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI>
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