502 lines
35 KiB
XML
502 lines
35 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">xor</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_xor" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="russian-questions">
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<form xml:id="form_d5638e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>xor</orth></form>
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<form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>xwar</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d5638e69">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>хлеб в зерне</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>bread in grains</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<sense>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">в иронском чаще имеется в виду </note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">in Iron, it usually means </note>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>ячмень</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>barley</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>Hordeum vulgare</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>Hordeum vulgare</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">иногда с эпитетом <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qæbær"><w>qæbær</w>
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<gloss><q>твердый</q></gloss></ref>
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<cit>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma">(<orth>qæbær xor</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#rend_doublequotes">твердый
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злак</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#rend_doublequotes">твердый
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злак</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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</cit>),</note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">sometimes with an epithet <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qæbær"><w>qæbær</w>
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<gloss><q>solid</q></gloss></ref>
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<cit>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma">(<orth>qæbær xor</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#rend_doublequotes">твердый
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злак</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#rend_doublequotes">hard
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cereal</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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</cit>),</note>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> в дигорском — </note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> in Digor, it usually refers to </note>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>просо</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>millet</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>Panicum</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>Panicum</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">, иногда с эпитетом <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>bor</w>
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<gloss><q>желтый</q></gloss></mentioned>. У осетин, живущих в Турции,
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<oRef>xor</oRef>, по свидетельству <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Thordarson</hi>’а, означает <q>рожь</q> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AO"/>
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<biblScope>1971 XXXIII 166</biblScope></bibl>). Различают несколько видов ячменя:
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<ref type="xr" target="#entry_sīsk"><w>sisk</w></ref>, <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>q˳ydaly </w>
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<gloss>(двухрядный)</gloss></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kærvæʒ"><w>kærvæʒ</w>
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<gloss>(четырехрядный)</gloss></ref>. Ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_mænæw"><w>mænæw</w>
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<gloss><q>пшеница</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_jæw"><w>jæw</w>
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<gloss><q>просо</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_syl_2"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cʼoj"><w>cʼoj</w>
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<gloss><q>рожь</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sysḱy"/>, д. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zætxæ"><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">zætxæ</w>
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<gloss><q>овес</q></gloss></ref>, д. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fagæ"><w>fagæ</w>
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<gloss><q>пшено</q></gloss></ref>; д. <mentioned xml:lang="os"><phr xml:lang="os-x-digor">bor xwar</phr> (<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">желтый злак</q></gloss>) <gloss><q>просо</q></gloss></mentioned> = и. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_jæw"/><note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">. — </note><note xml:lang="en" type="comment">. — </note><cit>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>Xory bon, Xory sær, Ræmon bon</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">праздник в честь бога злаков <mentioned xml:lang="os"><phr>Xory Wacilla</phr></mentioned> (см. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_Wacilla"/>, <mentioned xml:lang="os"><phr>Ræmon
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bon</phr></mentioned>), справлялся весной перед началом нолевых работ и
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осенью после первых снопов</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">праздник в честь бога злаков <mentioned xml:lang="os"><phr>Xory Wacilla</phr></mentioned> (см. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_Wacilla"/>, <mentioned xml:lang="os"><phr>Ræmon
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bon</phr></mentioned>), справлялся весной перед началом нолевых работ и
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осенью после первых снопов</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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</cit></note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">, ometimes with an epithet <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>bor</w>
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<gloss><q>yellow</q></gloss></mentioned>. Ossetians living in Turkey use
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<oRef>xor</oRef>, according to <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Thordarson</hi> in
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the sense <q>rye</q> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AO"/>
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<biblScope>1971 XXXIII 166</biblScope></bibl>). Several types of barley are
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distinguished: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sīsk"><w>sisk</w></ref>, <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>q˳ydaly </w>
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<gloss>(two-row)</gloss></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kærvæʒ"><w>kærvæʒ</w>
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<gloss>(four-row)</gloss></ref>. Cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_mænæw"><w>mænæw</w>
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<gloss><q>wheat</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_jæw"><w>jæw</w>
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<gloss><q>millet</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_syl_2"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cʼoj"><w>cʼoj</w>
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<gloss><q>rye</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sysḱy"/>, Digor <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zætxæ"><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">zætxæ</w>
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<gloss><q>oats</q></gloss></ref>, Digor <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fagæ"><w>fagæ</w>
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<gloss><q>millet</q></gloss></ref>; Digor <mentioned xml:lang="os"><phr xml:lang="os-x-digor">bor xwar</phr> (<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">yellow cereal</q></gloss>) <gloss><q>millet</q></gloss></mentioned> = Iron
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<ref type="xr" target="#entry_jæw"/><note type="comment">. — </note><cit>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>Xory bon, Xory sær, Ræmon bon</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">праздник в честь бога злаков <mentioned xml:lang="os"><phr>Xory Wacilla</phr></mentioned> (см. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_Wacilla"/>, <mentioned xml:lang="os"><phr>Ræmon
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bon</phr></mentioned>), справлялся весной перед началом нолевых работ и
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осенью после первых снопов</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">festival in honor of the god of cereals
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<mentioned xml:lang="os"><phr>Xory Wacilla</phr></mentioned> (see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_Wacilla"/>, <mentioned xml:lang="os"><phr>Ræmon
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bon</phr></mentioned>), celebrated in the spring before the start of
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field work and in the fall after the first sheaves</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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</cit></note>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>xorærcyd</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">урожай</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">harvest</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>xordon</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">житница</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">barn</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>xorǵyn</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">обильный хлебом</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">rich in bread</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>урожайный</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>fruitful</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ærkarstam, ærlastam næ <oRef>xortæ</oRef>, næ
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xos</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">мы скосили, свезли наши хлеба, наше сено</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">we mowed, brought our bread, our hay</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
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<biblScope>125</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>xor</oRef> bīræ, fos bīræ xoycawy
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færcy</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">хлеба много, скота много божьей милостью</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a lot of bread, a lot of livestock by the grace
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of God</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
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<biblScope>125</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">stong az yskodta; <oRef>xor</oRef> nal
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ærzad</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">выдался голодный год; хлеб не уродился</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">it was a hungry year; bread is not born</q>
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|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>21</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">...(zæxǵyntæ) fos wæd, <oRef>xor</oRef> wæd
|
|||
|
|
īstoj qalonaw</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">...(землевладельцы) отбирали (у крестьян) и
|
|||
|
|
скот и хлеб в виде дани</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">...(landowners) took away (from the peasants)
|
|||
|
|
both cattle and bread in the form of tribute</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>92</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">jæ wajag bæxy... syǧdæg <oRef>xoræj</oRef>
|
|||
|
|
xasta</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">он кормил своего скакуна чистым ячменем</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he fed his steed pure barley</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>148</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">am īs īw læppūmæ fonʒ <oRef>xory</oRef>
|
|||
|
|
kærʒyny</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">здесь есть у одного мальчика пять хлебов
|
|||
|
|
ячменных</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">there is a lad here, which hath five barley
|
|||
|
|
loaves</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Иоанн"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope><hi rendition="#rend_italic">6</hi> 9</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>xory</oRef> ʽssadæj kærʒyn kænync
|
|||
|
|
ærmæst ænqīzænæj</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">из ячменной муки хлеб пекут только на
|
|||
|
|
закваске</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">barley flour bread is baked only on
|
|||
|
|
sourdough</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_F."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>1969 I 83</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">styr kadǵyn næ wyd Irmæ qæbær
|
|||
|
|
<oRef>xory</oRef> kærʒyn</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ячменный чурек не пользовался у осетин большим
|
|||
|
|
почетом</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">barley churek was not highly respected among
|
|||
|
|
Ossetians</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_F."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>1969 I 83</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">qæbær <oRef>xor</oRef> æmæ x˳ymællægæj næm
|
|||
|
|
æxsīdync dīssaǵy iron bægæny</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">из ячменя и хмеля у нас варят чудесное
|
|||
|
|
осетинское пиво</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">we brew wonderful Ossetian beer from barley and
|
|||
|
|
hops</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
|
|||
|
|
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">avd anzi ci <oRef>xwar</oRef> læwdtæj ævardæj
|
|||
|
|
wæjgutæmæ, eci <oRef>xwar</oRef> sin æ xumi bajtudta</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">зерно, которое хранилось у великанов семь лет,
|
|||
|
|
это зерно он посеял на своем поле</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the grain that was kept by the giants for seven
|
|||
|
|
years, he sowed this grain in his field</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_MSt."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>7<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">16</hi></biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
|
|||
|
|
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Mislgoni <oRef>xwaræj</oRef> jin xuluccag
|
|||
|
|
kærʒin</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">из мисигонского проса ему (будет) хлеб из
|
|||
|
|
невысушенного зерна</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">from Misigon millet he (will have) bread from
|
|||
|
|
undried grain</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>II 127</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
|
|||
|
|
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">...bor <oRef>xwari</oRef> xumæ kærdunmæ randæ
|
|||
|
|
ʽj</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">...она отправилась жать на поле просо</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">... she went to reap the millet field</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_DZ"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>206</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
</exampleGrp>
|
|||
|
|
<etym xml:lang="ru">Восходит к <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec" xml:lang="ira">hwarna-</w> или <w type="rec">hwāra-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="comment">от базы <w>hwar-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>есть</q></gloss></note> и означает собственно <gloss><q>пища</q></gloss>,
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>еда</q></gloss></mentioned>. В зависимости от того, какой злак имел
|
|||
|
|
преобладающее значение в данной среде, слово применялось то к просу, то к ячменю. Значение
|
|||
|
|
<q>просо</q> представляется весьма древним. В перечне растений, возделываемых
|
|||
|
|
скифами-пахарями, <bibl><author xml:lang="ru">Геродот</author>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>(IV 17)</biblScope></bibl> называет просо. Данные археологии также <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">свидетельствуют о разведении проса, ячменя,
|
|||
|
|
пшеницы...</q> (<bibl><author xml:lang="ru">А. П. Смирнов</author>. <title xml:lang="ru">Скифы</title>. <pubPlace xml:lang="ru">М.</pubPlace>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">стр.
|
|||
|
|
128</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">стр. 128</biblScope></bibl>). Приведем
|
|||
|
|
некоторые иранские соответствия: <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>xwāra</w>, <w>xurak</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>xwār</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>пища</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>провизия</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="tg-x-dial"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>xūr</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>хлеб в зерне</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Розенфельд._Вандж."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>118</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>h<hi rendition="#rend_superscript">v</hi>āra</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>пища</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Jatakastava"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>468</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>xvarəna-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>пища</q></gloss></mentioned>’. <hi rendition="#rend_bold">Древнеперсидское</hi> название ячменя <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Hinz</hi>
|
|||
|
|
распознает в персепольских таблетках в восстанавливаемой форме <mentioned xml:lang="peo"><w type="rec">hvartam</w></mentioned> (<bibl><author>Hinz</author>. <title>Neue Wege
|
|||
|
|
im Altpersischen</title>. <pubPlace>Göttingen</pubPlace>, <date>1970</date>,
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope xml:lang="ru">стр. 32—33</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">стр.
|
|||
|
|
32—33</biblScope></bibl>). <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w type="rec">xwarəstān</w> (<w>γwrst’n-</w>)<note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_TSP"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope><hi rendition="#rend_italic">2</hi> 1019</biblScope></bibl>)</note>,
|
|||
|
|
<note type="comment">по аналогии с <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><w>ryzkh’ stʼn</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>рисовое поле</q></gloss></mentioned></note>, можно понимать
|
|||
|
|
как<gloss><q>пшеничное</q></gloss> или <gloss><q>ячменное поле</q></gloss>, а также
|
|||
|
|
как <gloss><q>гумно</q></gloss> или <gloss><q>житница</q></gloss></mentioned>, ср. по
|
|||
|
|
образованию<mentioned xml:lang="os"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>gænyston</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>поле, заросшее коноплей</q></gloss></mentioned>. — Если абстрактное <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">hwāra-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>пища</q></gloss></mentioned> стало означать конкретно <q>хлеб</q>, то
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="ira" extralang="ine"><lang>иран. (и и.е.)</lang>
|
|||
|
|
<w type="rec">pitu-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>пища</q></gloss></mentioned> дало ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fyd_2"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">fyd</w>
|
|||
|
|
<w xml:lang="os-x-digor">fid</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>мясо</q></gloss></ref>; но ср. <mentioned xml:lang="orv"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>пита</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>хлеб</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Срезневский"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>II 942</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="bg"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>питъ</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>пшеничный хлеб</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><title xml:lang="ru">Этимология 1972</title>, <pubPlace xml:base="ru">М.</pubPlace>,
|
|||
|
|
<date>1974</date>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">стр. 62 сл.</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">стр. 62 сл.</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. О <mentioned xml:lang="sla"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>xorna</w></mentioned> см. под <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xærnæg"/>. <mentioned xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>xorxuz</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>мука из невысушенного ячменя</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>I 282</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned> содержит в первой части ос.
|
|||
|
|
<oRef>xor</oRef>. — <mentioned xml:lang="oge"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>xwarbali</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>пшеница</q></gloss></mentioned> связывают с <mentioned xml:lang="lzz"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kovali</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xmf"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kobali</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>хлеб</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Чикобава"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>175</biblScope></bibl>). Соответствие далеко не безупречно с фонетической
|
|||
|
|
стороны. Начальное <c>xwar-</c> наводит на мысль о контаминации с <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><lang/>(алан.?) <w>xwar-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>хлеб в зерне’</q></gloss></mentioned>. — См. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xæryn_1"/>; ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_-xor"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xojrag"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xollag"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xærnæg"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xærīnag"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fælxor"/>. См. еще <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xorærcyd"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xordon"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xorʒon"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_Būrxoraly"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_Xwareldar"/>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>III 13, 150</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>38</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>70</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
|
|||
|
|
<etym xml:lang="en">Goes back to <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec" xml:lang="ira">hwarna-</w> or <w type="rec">hwāra-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="comment">from the base <w>hwar-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>eat</q></gloss></note> and actually means <gloss><q>food</q></gloss>,
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>meal</q></gloss></mentioned>. Depending on which cereal was predominant in
|
|||
|
|
a given environment, the word was applied either to millet or to barley. The meaning g
|
|||
|
|
<q>millet</q> appears to be very ancient. Among the plants cultivated by Scythian
|
|||
|
|
plowmen, ,<bibl><author xml:lang="en">Herodotus</author>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>(IV 17)</biblScope></bibl> lists the millet. Archaeological data also <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">confirms the cultivation of millet, barley, wheat ...</q>
|
|||
|
|
(<bibl><author xml:lang="en">A. P. Smirnov</author>. <title xml:lang="ru">Skify
|
|||
|
|
[Scythians]</title>. <pubPlace xml:lang="en">Moscow</pubPlace>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">стр. 128</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">p. 128</biblScope></bibl>).
|
|||
|
|
Here are some Iranian correspondences: <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>xwāra</w>, <w>xurak</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>xwār</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>food</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>provisions</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="tg-x-dial"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>xūr</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>bread in grain</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Розенфельд._Вандж."/>
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<biblScope>118</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned> , <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
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<w>hᵛāra</w>
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<gloss><q>food</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Jatakastava"/>
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<biblScope>468</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>xvarəna-</w>
|
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<gloss><q>food</q></gloss></mentioned>’. The <lang>Old Persian</lang> name of barley is
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recognized by <name>Hinz</name> in Persepolis tablets, reconstructed as <mentioned xml:lang="peo"><w type="rec">hvartam</w></mentioned> (<bibl><author>Hinz</author>.
|
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<title>Neue Wege im Altpersischen</title>. <pubPlace>Göttingen</pubPlace>,
|
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<date>1970</date>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">стр. 32—33</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">p. 32—33</biblScope></bibl>). <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
|
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<w type="rec">xwarəstān</w> (<w>γwrst’n-</w>)<note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_TSP"/>
|
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<biblScope><hi rendition="#rend_italic">2</hi> 1019</biblScope></bibl>)</note>,
|
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<note type="comment">by analogy with <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><w>ryzkh’ stʼn</w>
|
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<gloss><q>rice field</q></gloss></mentioned></note>, can be understood
|
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as<gloss><q>wheat</q></gloss> or <gloss><q>barley field</q></gloss>, as well as
|
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<gloss><q>threshing floor</q></gloss> or <gloss><q>barn</q></gloss></mentioned>, cf.
|
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derivation of <mentioned xml:lang="os"><lang/>
|
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|
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<w>gænyston</w>
|
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<gloss><q>field overgrown with hemp</q></gloss></mentioned>. — If the abstract
|
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<mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">hwāra-</w>
|
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<gloss><q>food</q></gloss></mentioned> came to mean specifically <q>bread</q>, then
|
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<mentioned xml:lang="ira" extralang="ine"><lang>Iranian (and Indo-European)</lang>
|
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|
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<w type="rec">pitu-</w>
|
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<gloss><q>food</q></gloss></mentioned> yielded Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fyd_2"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">fyd</w>
|
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|
|
<w xml:lang="os-x-digor">fid</w>
|
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|
|
<gloss><q>meat</q></gloss></ref>; but cf. <mentioned xml:lang="orv"><lang/>
|
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|
|
<w>pita</w>
|
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|
|
<gloss><q>bread</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Срезневский"/>
|
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|
|
<biblScope>II 942</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="bg"><lang/>
|
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|
|
<w>pitŭ</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>wheat bread</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><title xml:lang="en">Etimologija [Etymology] 972</title>, <pubPlace xml:base="en">Moscow</pubPlace>,
|
|||
|
|
<date>1974</date>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">стр. 62 сл.</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">p. 62 ff.</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. On <mentioned xml:lang="sla"><lang/>
|
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|
|
<w>xorna</w></mentioned>, see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xærnæg"/>. <mentioned xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>xorxuz</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>undried barley flour</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>I 282</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned> contains as its first part
|
|||
|
|
Ossetic <oRef>xor</oRef>. — <mentioned xml:lang="oge"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>xwarbali</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>wheat</q></gloss></mentioned> is related to <mentioned xml:lang="lzz"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kovali</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xmf"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kobali</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>bread</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Чикобава"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>175</biblScope></bibl>). Phonetically, the correspondence is far from being
|
|||
|
|
flawless. The initial <c>xwar-</c> suggests contamination with <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><lang/>(Alan.?) <w>xwar-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>bread in grain’</q></gloss></mentioned>. — See <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xæryn_1"/>; cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_-xor"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xojrag"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xollag"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xærnæg"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xærīnag"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fælxor"/>. See also <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xorærcyd"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xordon"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xorʒon"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_Būrxoraly"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_Xwareldar"/>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>III 13, 150</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>38</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>70</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
|
|||
|
|
</entry>
|
|||
|
|
</body>
|
|||
|
|
</text>
|
|||
|
|
</TEI>
|