284 lines
22 KiB
XML
284 lines
22 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">zældag</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_zældag" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
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<form xml:id="form_d5961e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>zældag</orth></form>
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<form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>zældagæ</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d5961e69">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>шелк</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>silk</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>шелковая ткань</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>silk fabric</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>шелковый</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>silk (adj.)</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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<re xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<form type="lemma"><usg><lang/></usg><orth>zældagin</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">шелковый</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">silk (adj.)</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">wæ, wasæg, wasæg, syrx <oRef>zældag</oRef>
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bocʼo!</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">петушок, петушок, с красной шелковой
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бородушкой!</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">cockerel, cockerel, with a red silk beard!</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
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<biblScope>116</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">lekʼ iron adæmy ʽxsæn bazar kænyn rajdydtoj,
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cyllæ, <oRef>zældag</oRef> wæjmæ xastoj</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">дагестанцы стали торговать среди осетин, несли
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на продажу сырой шелк, шелковые ткани</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Dagestanis began to trade among the Ossetians,
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they carried raw silk, silk fabrics for sale</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
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<biblScope>40</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">saw <oRef>zældagæj</oRef> jæ darǧ
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k˳yræt</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">из черного шелка его длинный бешмет</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">his long
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<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230710T213345+0300" comment="?"?>beshmet<?oxy_comment_end ?>
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is made of black silk</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Хар._Кадӕг"/>
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<biblScope>15</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">dari æmæ <oRef>zældaǵy</oRef> fælystæj badti
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Biganon</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">выряженная в <foreign>дари</foreign> и шелк,
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сидела Биганон</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">dressed in <foreign>dari</foreign> and silk,
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there was sitting Biganon</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Arsen"/>
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<biblScope>38</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">xurʒinti... razindtæncæ xaræ qumæctæ,
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<oRef>zældagæ</oRef> izælutæ, ævzestæ rewi æǧnægutæ</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">в хурджинах оказались ткани
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<foreign>xapæ</foreign>, шелковые платки, серебряные нагрудные застежки</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the saddlebags contained
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<foreign>xaræ</foreign> fabrics, silk scarves, silver
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<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230710T213757+0300" comment="??"?>chest
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clasps<?oxy_comment_end ?></q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
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<biblScope>1949 II 29</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>zældagin</oRef> bændæn mæ quri otemæj
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mæ fællastoncæ etæ</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">с шелковой веревкой на шее они меня увезли</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">with a silk rope around my neck they took me
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away</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
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<biblScope>II 39</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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</exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Из <w>zæl-tag</w>. Для второй части см. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tag"><w>tag</w>
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<gloss><q>нить</q></gloss></ref>; ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kættag"><w>kættag</w>
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<gloss><q>полотно</q></gloss></ref> из <w>kæn-tag</w>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_x0yjændag"><w>x˳yjændag</w>
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<gloss><q>дратва</q></gloss></ref> из <w>x˳yjæn-tag</w>, <mentioned xml:lang="xsc"><lang/>
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<w>σακυνδακη</w>
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<note type="comment">= <w type="rec">sak-ǧun-tak</w></note>
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<gloss><q>одежда из оленьего меха</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
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<biblScope>184</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Что касается элемента
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<w>zæl</w>, то его следует связать с названием шелка <foreign>желл</foreign>, которое
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приводит <name>Марко Поло</name>. <quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Отсюда <note type="comment">(имеется в виду область на юг и на юго-восток от Каспийского моря, —
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<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230623T204053+0300" comment="просто курсив?"?><hi rendition="#rend_italic">В. А.</hi><?oxy_comment_end ?>)</note> идет тот шелк, что
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зовется <foreign>желл</foreign></q> (<bibl><title>Путешествие Марко Поло. Перевод И.
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П. Минаева</title>. <pubPlace>М.</pubPlace>, <date>1940</date>, <biblScope>гл.
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XXIII</biblScope></bibl>)</quote>.<note type="footnote">Стоит отметить, что тот же
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<name>Марко Поло</name> сохранил нам старую форму осетинского названия стали —
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<w>andan</w>; см. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ændon"/>.</note> Дальнейшее, однако,
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неясно. Сближение <w>zæl</w> с распространенным названием шелка — <mentioned xml:lang="mnc"><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230623T204254+0300" comment="почему такое странное название языка?" id="wk1_sqc_byb"?><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230708T162655+0300" parentID="wk1_sqc_byb" comment="потому что видимо в прошлых томах у него не было аббревиатуры, а здесь сподобился. оставим пока так" mid="4"?><lang>манджур.</lang><?oxy_comment_end ?><?oxy_comment_end mid="4"?>
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<w>sirge</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="mn"><lang/>
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<w>sirkek</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
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<w>sericum</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
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<w>selyem</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>шелк</w>
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<note type="comment">(почему <c>ш</c> и <c>л</c>?)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="en"><lang/>
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<w>silk</w></mentioned> и пр. — встречает фонетические трудности (<c>s-</c> →
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<c>z-</c>?). Еще меньше оснований думать, что <w>zæl</w> имеет какое-либо отношение к
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<mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>čilla</w>
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<gloss><q>тетива лука</q></gloss></mentioned> (см. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cyllæ"/>). Не следует ли связать осетинское слово с <mentioned xml:lang="ar" extralang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>ǯalā</w>
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<gloss><q>блеск</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>лоск</q></gloss>,
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<gloss><q>глянец</q></gloss></mentioned> (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">блестящая
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ткань</q>?)? Или с <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
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<w>jalau</w>, <w>jalaγa</w> || <w>ǯalau</w>, <w>ǯalaγa</w>
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<gloss><q>флаг</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>знамя</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>повязка из шелка,
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которою обвивают шапку, шлем</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>блестящий, ослепительный,
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отливающий разными цветами</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/>
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<biblScope>III 155</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Räsänen._Versuch"/>
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<biblScope>181</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>? Или с <mentioned xml:lang="tg"><lang/>
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<w>ǯelak</w>
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<gloss><q>летний легкий халат без ваты и подкладки</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><title>Тадж.-русск. сл.</title>
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<pubPlace>М.</pubPlace>, <date>1954</date>, <biblScope>стр.
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514</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>? Так или иначе, если допустить, что на
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сарматской (аланской) почве бытовала форма <w type="rec">žel-</w> (ос. <w>zæl</w>), то
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<mentioned xml:lang="orv"><lang/>
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<w>šьlkъ</w></mentioned> можно рассматривать как контаминацию <w type="rec">sirk</w> и
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<w type="rec">žel</w>, а соответствующие германские формы — как заимствование из
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русского. — <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Шелковая</q> терминология отличается в
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осетинском значительным богатством; см., помимо <oRef>zældag</oRef>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zæly"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">zæly</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">izælu</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cyllæ"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_darī"><w>dari</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xaræ"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_x0ysar_1"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_læwdanæ"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_glazi"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_gærnadur"><w>gærnadūr</w></ref>. Большинство этих названий (вместе с соответствующими реалиями)
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вошло в язык в период расцвета аланской феодальной державы в X–XIII вв. Из шелка шили
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мужские бешметы, но главными потребительницами шелковых тканей всех видов, в том числе и
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самых дорогих, были, разумеется, женщины из феодальной знати. Шелковый платок
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(<oRef>zældag</oRef>
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<ref type="xr" target="#entry_kælmærzæn"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zæly"><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">izælu</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_læwdanæ"/>) был
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обязательной принадлежностью каждой сколько-нибудь обеспеченной женщины. Шелковые ткани
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шли на женские бешметы и платья, а также на одеяла, покрывала и пр.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
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<biblScope>180, 184, 296</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">From <w>zæl-tag</w>. For the second part see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tag"><w>tag</w>
|
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<gloss><q>thread</q></gloss></ref>; cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kættag"><w>kættag</w>
|
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<gloss><q>cloth</q></gloss></ref> from <w>kæn-tag</w>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_x0yjændag"><w>x˳yjændag</w>
|
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<gloss><q>shoe-thread</q></gloss></ref> from <w>x˳yjæn-tag</w>, <mentioned xml:lang="xsc"><lang/>
|
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<w>σακυνδακη</w>
|
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<note type="comment">= <w type="rec">sak-ǧun-tak</w></note>
|
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<gloss><q>deer fur clothing</q></gloss>
|
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
|
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|
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<biblScope>184</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. As for the element
|
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|
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<w>zæl</w>, it should be associated with the name of silk <foreign>žell</foreign>, which
|
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|
|
<name>Marko Polo</name> mentions. <quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">From here
|
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|
|
<note type="comment">(the area south and southeast of the Caspian Sea, —
|
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|
|
<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230623T204053+0300" comment="просто курсив?"?><hi rendition="#rend_italic">V. A.</hi><?oxy_comment_end ?>)</note> comes that silk
|
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|
|
that is called <foreign>žell</foreign></q> (<bibl><title>Putešestvie Marko Polo.
|
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|
|
Perevod I. P. Minaeva
|
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|
|
[<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230710T214348+0300" comment="или по-другому?"?>The
|
|||
|
|
journey of Marco Polo<?oxy_comment_end ?>. Translation by I. P. Minaev]</title>.
|
|||
|
|
<pubPlace>Moscow</pubPlace>, <date>1940</date>, <biblScope>ch.
|
|||
|
|
XXIII</biblScope></bibl>)</quote>.<note type="footnote">It is worth noting that
|
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|
|
<name>Marco Polo</name> himself preserved for us the old form of the Ossetic name for
|
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|
|
steel – <w>andan</w>; see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ændon"/>.</note> What happened
|
|||
|
|
next, however, is unclear. The
|
|||
|
|
<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230710T214529+0300" comment="?"?>convergence<?oxy_comment_end ?>
|
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|
|
of <w>zæl</w> with the common silk name – <mentioned xml:lang="mnc"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>sirge</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="mn"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>sirkek</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>sericum</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>selyem</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>šëlk</w>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="comment">(why <c>š</c> and <c>l</c>?)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="en"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>silk</w></mentioned> etc. – encounters phonetic difficulties (<c>s-</c> →
|
|||
|
|
<c>z-</c>?). There is even less reason to think that <w>zæl</w> has anything to do with
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>čilla</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>bowstring</q></gloss></mentioned> (see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cyllæ"/>). Should not the Ossetic word be associated with <mentioned xml:lang="ar" extralang="fa"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>ǯalā</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>shine</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>gloss</q></gloss>,
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>luster</q></gloss></mentioned> (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">shiny
|
|||
|
|
fabric</q>?)? Or with <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>jalau</w>, <w>jalaγa</w> || <w>ǯalau</w>, <w>ǯalaγa</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>flag</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>banner</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>silk bandage, which
|
|||
|
|
is wrapped around a hat, helmet</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>brilliant, dazzling,
|
|||
|
|
shimmering in different colors</q></gloss>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>III 155</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Räsänen._Versuch"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>181</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>? Or with <mentioned xml:lang="tg"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>ǯelak</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>summer light bathrobe without wadding and lining</q></gloss>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><title>Tadžiksko-russkij slovarʹ [Tajik-Russian
|
|||
|
|
dictionary]</title>. <pubPlace>Moscow</pubPlace>, <date>1954</date>, <biblScope>p.
|
|||
|
|
514</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>? One way or another, if we assume that
|
|||
|
|
in the Sarmatian (Alanian)
|
|||
|
|
<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230710T215003+0300" comment="ненавижу почву"?>context<?oxy_comment_end ?>
|
|||
|
|
there was a form <w type="rec">žel-</w> (Ossetic <w>zæl</w>), then <mentioned xml:lang="orv"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>šьlkъ</w></mentioned> can be seen as the contamination of <w type="rec">sirk</w> and
|
|||
|
|
<w type="rec">žel</w>, and the corresponding Germanic forms – as a borrowing from
|
|||
|
|
Russian. — <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Silk</q> terminology is distinguished in
|
|||
|
|
Ossetic by significant richness; see, apart from <oRef>zældag</oRef>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zæly"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">zæly</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">izælu</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cyllæ"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_darī"><w>dari</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xaræ"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_x0ysar_1"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_læwdanæ"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_glazi"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_gærnadur"><w>gærnadūr</w></ref>. Most of these names (together with the corresponding
|
|||
|
|
realities) entered the language during the heyday of the Alanian feudal state in the
|
|||
|
|
10th–13th centuries. Men's beshmets were sewn from silk, but the main consumers of silk
|
|||
|
|
fabrics of all kinds, including the most expensive ones, were, of course, women from the
|
|||
|
|
feudal nobility. Silk
|
|||
|
|
<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230710T215153+0300" comment="? и в самом начале"?>scarf<?oxy_comment_end ?>
|
|||
|
|
(<oRef>zældag</oRef>
|
|||
|
|
<ref type="xr" target="#entry_kælmærzæn"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zæly"><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">izælu</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_læwdanæ"/>) was a
|
|||
|
|
must-have for every wealthy woman. Silk fabrics were used for women’s beshmets and
|
|||
|
|
dresses, as well as for blankets, bedspreads, etc.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>180, 184, 296</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
|
|||
|
|
</entry>
|
|||
|
|
</body>
|
|||
|
|
</text>
|
|||
|
|
</TEI>
|