256 lines
18 KiB
XML
256 lines
18 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">zærvatykk</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_zærvatykk" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="complete">
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<form xml:id="form_d3996e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>zærvatykk</orth></form>
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<form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>zærbatug</orth><form type="variant"><orth>zærbatukkæ</orth></form></form>
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<sense>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d3996e69">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>ласточка</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>swallow</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>Hirundo</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>Hirundo</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>zærvatykk</oRef> — ænæqyg, ænæmast
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cæræg! dæ zaræg — næ daræg, næ walʒæggænæg</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ласточка — беспечальное, беззаботное создание!
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твоя песня — наша отрада, она делает нам весну</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the swallow is a carefree, careless creature!
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your song is our joy, it makes
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<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230718T100427+0300" comment="делает нам весну"?>spring<?oxy_comment_end ?>
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for us</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
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<biblScope>120</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>zærvatykk</oRef> jæ læppynty alyvars
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cʼīlaw fæzyld</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ласточка покружилась, как волчок, вокруг своих
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птенцов</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the swallow is circling around her nestlings
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like a spinning top</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
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<biblScope>108</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">adænlimæn <oRef>zærbatug</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">друг людей ласточка</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">swallow, a friend of people</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><biblScope>из нарт. сказаний</biblScope></bibl><bibl xml:lang="en"><biblScope>from the Nart tales</biblScope></bibl></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>zærbatgutæ</oRef> pærpær kænuncæ sæ
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særǧi</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ласточки порхают над ними</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">swallows are flying over them</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_AK"/>
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<biblScope>II 13</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">kizgæ <oRef>zærbatugi</oRef> mardaw wælbæxæj
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ærtuldæj rinʒæmæ</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">девушка, как мертвая ласточка, свалилась с коня
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на горную тропу</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the girl, like a dead swallow, fell off her
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horse onto a mountain path</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
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<biblScope>1940 III 62</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>zærbatugi</oRef> bazurtaw æ duwwæ bili,
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stʼaluj xuzæn æ duwwæ cæsti</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">как крылья ласточки ее две губки, как звезды ее
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два глаза</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">her two lips are like the wings of a swallow,
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her two eyes are like stars</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_DZ"/>
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<biblScope>11</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">adænlimæn sageldumæg <oRef>zærbatug</oRef>!
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dæ xwarzænxæ min xucaw radtæd æma min mæ furt Soslanmæ fæcco</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">друг людей вилохвостка ласточка! да даст мне
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бог твою милость, слетай к моему сыну Сослану</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a fork-tailed swallow, a friend of people! may
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God grant me your mercy, fly to my son Soslan</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Диг._сказ."/>
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<biblScope>37</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">curd <oRef>zærbatgutæ</oRef> mæ falʒosti
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zelioncæ</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">быстрые ласточки кружились вокруг меня</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">swift swallows were circling around me</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Тайм._Мӕ_уарзт"/>
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<biblScope>9</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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</exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Из <w type="rec">zær-fatyg</w> ← <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">zara-pāθuka-</w></mentioned>. Вторая часть — от <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">pat-</w>, <w>pāθ-</w>
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<gloss><q>летать</q></gloss></mentioned> и означает <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">летающая</q>, <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">птица</q>. Ср. от этого же корня <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fat"><w>fat</w>
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<gloss><q>стрела</q></gloss></ref>. Первая часть (<w>zar-</w>) сближается с названием
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куропатки в ряде иранских языков: <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>zariš</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
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<w>zarka</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
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<w>zariǰ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="srh"><lang/>
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<w>zareʒ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="yah"><lang/>
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<w>zarazg</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ydg"><lang/>
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<w>zaržo</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="oru"><lang/>
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<w>zraʒ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="prc"><lang/>
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<w>žirež</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
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<w>ysara-</w>
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<note type="comment">(-<w type="rec">zara-</w>)</note></mentioned>. Сюда же <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>Zairičī-</w>
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<gloss>женское имя</gloss></mentioned>. Этот же элемент — в ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zærnyg"><w>zær-nyg</w>
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<gloss><q>журавль</q></gloss></ref>. Может показаться странным, что один и тот же
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элемент использован в названиях столь разных птиц как ласточка, куропатка и журавль. Но
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удивляться этому не следует, — наименования птиц и перенос их с одной птицы на другую
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представляются часто недостаточно мотивированными (см. об этом, в частности:
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<bibl><author>Яковлев</author>. <title>Грамматика кабардино-черкесского языка</title>.
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<pubPlace>М.—Л.</pubPlace>, <date>1948</date>, <biblScope>стр.
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190–192</biblScope></bibl>), — тем более если <w>zær-</w> в приведенных словах имеет
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звукоподражательную природу: <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">издавать звуки</q>, <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">щебетать</q> и т. п. Ср. <mentioned xml:lang="mn"><lang/>
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<w>zar-zar</w>
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<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Onomat. describing chattering or chirping of
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birds</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Lessing"/>
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<biblScope>1037</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="mn"><w>zarag</w>
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<gloss><q>бекас</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>вальдшнеп</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl>ibid.</bibl>)</note></mentioned>. См. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zaryn"><w>zaryn</w>
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<gloss><q>петь</q></gloss></ref>. Стало быть, <oRef>zær-fatyg</oRef> переводится
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буквально <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">щебетунья птичка</q>. Ср. <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
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<w>garrulus</w>
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<gloss><q>щебечущий</q><note type="comment"> (о ласточке)</note></gloss></mentioned>.
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Связь c <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zær"><w>zær-</w>
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<gloss><q>желтый</q></gloss></ref>, которую <name>Bailey</name> предполагает для
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приведенных выше названий куропатки (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Saka_Dictionary">Saka Dictionary</ref>
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<biblScope>347</biblScope></bibl>), для ласточки явно не подходит. — Соответствие
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-<c>v</c>- | -<c>b</c>- — как в <ref type="xr" target="#entry_rūvas"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">rūvas</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">robas</w>
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<gloss><q>лиса</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ʒyvyr"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ʒyvyr</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">ʒubur</w>
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<gloss><q>соха</q></gloss></ref> и др. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/>
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<biblScope>143</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
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<biblScope>381 сл.</biblScope></bibl>).<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ВЯ"/>
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<biblScope>1983 IV 78</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">From <w type="rec">zær-fatyg</w> ← <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">zara-pāθuka-</w></mentioned>. The second part is from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">pat-</w>, <w>pāθ-</w>
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<gloss><q>fly</q></gloss></mentioned> and it means <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">flying</q>, <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">bird</q>. Cf. from the same root <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fat"><w>fat</w>
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<gloss><q>arrow</q></gloss></ref>. The first part (<w>zar-</w>) comes close to the name
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of partridge in a number of Iranian languages: <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>zariš</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
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<w>zarka</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
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<w>zariǰ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="srh"><lang/>
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<w>zareʒ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="yah"><lang/>
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<w>zarazg</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ydg"><lang/>
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<w>zaržo</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="oru"><lang/>
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<w>zraʒ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="prc"><lang/>
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<w>žirež</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
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<w>ysara-</w>
|
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<note type="comment">(-<w type="rec">zara-</w>)</note></mentioned>. See here also
|
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|
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<mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
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|
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<w>Zairičī-</w>
|
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|
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<gloss>female name</gloss></mentioned>. The same element is in Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zærnyg"><w>zær-nyg</w>
|
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|
|
<gloss><q>crane</q></gloss></ref>. It may seem strange that the same element is used in
|
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|
|
the names of such different birds as swallow, partridge and crane. But this should not be
|
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|
|
surprising – the names of birds and their transfer from one bird to another often seem
|
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|
|
insufficiently motivated (see about this, in particular: <bibl><author>Jakovlev</author>.
|
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|
|
<title>Grammatika kabardino-čerkesskogo jazyka [Grammar of
|
|||
|
|
Kabardian-Circassian]</title>. <pubPlace>Moscow—Leningrad</pubPlace>,
|
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|
|
<date>1948</date>, <biblScope>p. 190–192</biblScope></bibl>), – especially if
|
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|
|
<w>zær-</w> in the given words has an onomatopoeic nature: <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">make sounds</q>, <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">twitter</q> etc. Cf. <mentioned xml:lang="mn"><lang/>
|
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|
|
<w>zar-zar</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Onomat. describing chattering or chirping of
|
|||
|
|
birds</q></gloss>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Lessing"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>1037</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="mn"><w>zarag</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>snipe</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>woodcock</q></gloss>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="bibl">(<bibl>ibid.</bibl>)</note></mentioned>. See <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zaryn"><w>zaryn</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>sing</q></gloss></ref>. Thus, <oRef>zær-fatyg</oRef> translates literally as
|
|||
|
|
<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">chirping bird</q>. Cf. <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>garrulus</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>chirping</q><note type="comment"> (about a
|
|||
|
|
swallow)</note></gloss></mentioned>. The relation with <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zær"><w>zær-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>yellow</q></gloss></ref>, which <name>Bailey</name> suggests for the
|
|||
|
|
abovementioned partridge names (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Saka_Dictionary">Saka Dictionary</ref>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>347</biblScope></bibl>), is obviously not suitable for a swallow. — The
|
|||
|
|
correspondence -<c>v</c>- | -<c>b</c>- is like in <ref type="xr" target="#entry_rūvas"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">rūvas</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">robas</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>fox</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ʒyvyr"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ʒyvyr</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">ʒubur</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>plough</q></gloss></ref> etc. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>143</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>381 ff.</biblScope></bibl>).<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ВЯ"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>1983 IV 78</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
|
|||
|
|
</entry>
|
|||
|
|
</body>
|
|||
|
|
</text>
|
|||
|
|
</TEI>
|