160 lines
12 KiB
XML
160 lines
12 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ævǧaw</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
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<biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_ævǧaw" xml:lang="os">
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<form xml:id="form_d5108e66" type="lemma"><orth>ævǧaw</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d5108e69"><sense xml:id="sense_d5108e70"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>то, что жаль тратить, портить, уничтожать</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>something that one grudges to waste, to spoil, to destroy</q>
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</abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d5108e79"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>то, что заслуживает бережного отношения</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>somrthing that is worth considerate attitude</q>
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</abv:tr></sense></sense>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d5108e89">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d5108e91">
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<quote>axæm cūqqa īwdaronæn ævǧaw ū</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>такая черкеска для постоянного ношения слишком хороша</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>this Circassian coat is too good for wearing it constatly</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d5108e106">
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<quote>mælynæn ævǧaw wyd</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>жаль его для смерти</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>he does not deserve death</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="ru"> (он был слишком хорош для смерти)</note>
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="en"> (he was too good for death)</note>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d5108e127">
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<quote>ævǧaw ū max xæxtæn dæ cyt</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>наши горы недостойны твоей славы</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>our mountains do not deserve your fame</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/><biblScope>30</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d5108e146">
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<quote>hej, ræsuǧd Rubajon, bæg˳y ævǧaw dæ æg˳yʒæg myggagæn</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>эй, красавица Рубайон, слишком хороша ты для такой ничтожной
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фамилии</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>hey, beautiful Rubajon, you are too good for such a insignificant
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surname</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/><biblScope>54</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d5108e165" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>don kujti tægænaj nikkodton, kalunmæ ʽj bavǧaw kodton</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>воду я налил в корыто для собак, пожалел вылить ее</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>I poured water in the dog trough, I grudged to pour it out</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/><biblScope>1956 VII
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51</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d5108e188" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>max ajʒag fons acal-awal anzi kæmæn ǧæwaj kodtan etæ nin xwari merkʼæ
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næ, fal cʼataj kʼoxiʒag dær ma bavǧaw kænioncæ æma nin nekæd
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ravardtoncæ</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>те, для кого мы такую массу скота стерегли столько лет, не только
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меру зерна, но даже горсть отрубей жалели для нас и никогда не
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давали</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>those, for whom we had been watching so much cattle for so many
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years, grudged not just grain, but a handful of bran and had never
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gave it to us</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Диг._сказ."/><biblScope>19</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d5108e210" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>aci læqwæn max cardi ævǧaw æj</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>этот мальчик слишком хорош для нашей жизни</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>this boy is too good for our life</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Munk."/><biblScope>156</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d5108e232">
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<quote>mæ ūd dær dyn næ fevǧaw kænʒynæn</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>даже души для тебя не пожалею</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>I will not grudge even a soul for you</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Сращение ныне мертвого префикса <hi rendition="#rend_italic">æv</hi>- (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5108e298" xml:id="mentioned_d5108e250" xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
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<w>apa-</w></mentioned>) с основой <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ǧaw</hi>- ‘тратить’, ‘потреблять’,
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‘уменьшать’, см. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qawyn"/> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ǧawun</hi> Префикс
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">æv</hi>-(<hi rendition="#rend_italic">apa</hi>-) употреблен здесь в значении отрицания. Такое употребление
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находит поддержку и в других иранских языках; ср., например,<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5108e305" xml:id="mentioned_d5108e257" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
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<w>*apō('pw)</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5108e310" xml:id="mentioned_d5108e262" xml:lang="sog"><w>ap-</w>
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<gloss><q>не</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5108e316" xml:id="mentioned_d5108e268" xml:lang="sog"><w/>
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<gloss><q>без</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Gramm._sogd."/><biblScope>II 163, 168</biblScope></bibl>),
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а также <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5108e327" xml:id="mentioned_d5108e279" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>bē</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="ru"> (из <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*apaiy</hi>: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._PSt."/><biblScope>33</biblScope></bibl>)</note>
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<gloss><q>без</q></gloss></mentioned>. <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Æv</hi>-<hi rendition="#rend_italic">ǧaw</hi>, следовательно, — „не
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подлежащий трате“, „неприкосновенный“. В слове <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ævrong"/> ‘трезвый’ мы находим совершенно такую же семантику
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префикса <hi rendition="#rend_italic">æv</hi>-.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">The fusion of the prefix <hi rendition="#rend_italic">æv</hi>- (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5108e250" xml:id="mentioned_d5108e298" xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
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<w>apa-</w></mentioned>) which is now out of use with the stem <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ǧaw</hi>- ‘to
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waste’, ‘to consume’, ‘to reduce’, see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qawyn"/> |
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">ǧawun</hi>. The prefix <hi rendition="#rend_italic">æv</hi>- (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">apa</hi>-) is used here in a negative sense. This
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usage also finds support in other Iranian languages; cf., e.g., <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5108e257" xml:id="mentioned_d5108e305" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
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<w>*apō('pw)</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5108e262" xml:id="mentioned_d5108e310" xml:lang="sog"><w>ap-</w>
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<gloss><q>not</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5108e268" xml:id="mentioned_d5108e316" xml:lang="sog"><w/>
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<gloss><q>without</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Gramm._sogd."/><biblScope>II 163, 168</biblScope></bibl>),
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and also <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5108e279" xml:id="mentioned_d5108e327" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>bē</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="en"> (from <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*apaiy</hi>: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._PSt."/><biblScope>33</biblScope></bibl>)</note>
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<gloss><q>without</q></gloss></mentioned>. Hence, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">æv</hi>-<hi rendition="#rend_italic">ǧaw</hi> means ‘not
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wasteable’, ‘untouchable’. We found the same semantics of the prefix <hi rendition="#rend_italic">æv</hi>- in
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the word <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ævrong"/> ‘sober’.</etym>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI>
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