218 lines
16 KiB
XML
218 lines
16 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ūmæl</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_ūmæl" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="incomplete">
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<form xml:id="form_d2779e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>ūmæl</orth></form>
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<form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>omæl</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d2779e69">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>влажный</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>wet</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>сырой</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>damp</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>влага</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>moisture</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>ūmæl kænyn</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">увлажнять</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">moisten</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>смачивать</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>to damp</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d2779e75">
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<example xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">kærdæg — <oRef>ūmæl</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">трава (была) влажная</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the grass (was) wet</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Нафи"/>
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<biblScope>82</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mæ wat
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<?oxy_comment_start author="elohim" timestamp="20230628T213239+0600" comment="это одно слово?"?><oRef>ūmælgomaw</oRef><?oxy_comment_end ?>
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xasta</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">моя комната была сыроватой</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">my room was a bit damp</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
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<biblScope>1972 VI 9</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">x˳ymty zæxæ <oRef>baūmæl</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">на полях земля увлажнилась</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the soil in field moistened</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Мысост"/>
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<biblScope>61</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Totyraʒ swadonæj jæ nymætxūdy don felvæsta
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æmæ ʒy Gajtijy nyx ærūmæl kodta</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Тотрадз зачерпнул из родника воды в свою
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войлочную шляпу и смочил ею лоб Гайти</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Totradz scooped water from a spring into his
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felt hat and moistened Gajti’s forehead with it.</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
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<biblScope>II 143</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/> </usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ǧædæ oramuj <oRef>omæl</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">лес задерживает влагу</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the forest holds back moisture</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_FS"/>
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<biblScope>I 98</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Возводится к <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">auma-la-</w></mentioned> и сближается по корню с <mentioned xml:lang="la"><w>ūmidus</w> <gloss><q>влажный</q></gloss>,
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<gloss><q>сырой</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="la"><w>ūmeo</w> <gloss><q>быть влажным</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="la"><w>ūmor</w> <gloss><q>влажность</q></gloss>,
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<gloss><q>сырость</q></gloss></mentioned>. Сюда же, как это ни может показаться
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парадоксальным, <mentioned xml:lang="xto"><lang/> <w>omäl</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="txb"><lang/> <w>emalle</w> <gloss><q>теплый</q></gloss></mentioned>. Известно,
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что, хотя формирование индоевропейских языков относится к сравнительно поздней стадии
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развития человеческой речи, в них в отдельных случаях распознаются черты весьма древних
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норм человеческого сознания и мышления. Мы имеем один из таких случаев. Влага и тепло
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одинаково необходимы для жизни. Поэтому в первобыт- ном обществе они мыслились как
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родственные понятия. Несправедливо забытый лейпцигский ученый <name>Hertel</name>
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убедительно показал это па индоиранском материале<note type="footnote">См., в частности,
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его работы: <bibl><title>Arische Feuerlehre</title>. <pubPlace>Leipzig</pubPlace>,
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<date>1925</date>, <biblScope>стр. 16, 68 сл., 144</biblScope></bibl>;
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<bibl><title>Beiträge zur Erklärung des Awestas und des Vedas</title>.
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<author>Leipzig</author>, <date>1929</date>, <biblScope>стр. 30</biblScope></bibl>;
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<title>Beiträge zur Erklärung des Awestas und des Vedas. Leipzig, 1929, стр.
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30</title>.</note>. Неотразимый пример такой семантики — <mentioned xml:lang="sla"><lang/> <w>topiti</w></mentioned>,
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<?oxy_comment_start author="elohim" timestamp="20230502T094704+0300" comment="так ли здесь номера делаются?"?><mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/> <w>топить</w> <gloss n="1"><num>1</num>. <q>нагревать
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огнём</q></gloss>, <gloss n="2"><num>2</num> <q>погружать в
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воду</q></gloss></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?><?oxy_comment_start author="elohim" timestamp="20230502T094922+0300" comment="здесь топить надо mentioned или просто курсивом?"?><note type="footnote">Этимологи трактуют <hi rend="italic">топить</hi> <hi rendition="#rend_superscript">1</hi> и <hi rend="italic">топить</hi> <hi rendition="#rend_superscript">2</hi> как два разных слова. Недостаток учености
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оказался на этот раз на пользу <name>Далю</name>: он дает <hi rend="italic">топить</hi>
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в обоих значениях в одном гнезде.</note><?oxy_comment_end ?>. Скифо-латино-тохарская
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изоглосса предполагает общую базу <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">aum-</w> <gloss><q>жизненная сила</q></gloss></mentioned>, откуда с одной стороны —
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<q>влага</q>, с другой — <q>тепло</q>. — <name>Вс. Миллер</name> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/> <biblScope>II 144</biblScope></bibl>) предположительно
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возводил <oRef/> к <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">ava-mala-</w></mentioned>, имея
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в виду <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/> <w>mala-</w> <gloss><q>грязь</q></gloss>,
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<gloss><q>нечистота</q></gloss></mentioned>. Но последнее слово сближается с
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<mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/> <w>μέλᾱς</w> <gloss><q>черный</q></gloss></mentioned> и
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пр. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Mayrhofer"/> <biblScope>II
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598</biblScope></bibl>).<note type="footnote">Связь <oRef/> с
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<?oxy_comment_start author="elohim" timestamp="20230502T095156+0300" comment="в статье с omyn отсылают к wÆmyn, а статьи wAmyn нет. какой здесь mentioned?"?><ref type="xr" target="#entry_omyn"><w>omyn (wamyn)</w> <gloss><q>vomere</q></gloss></ref><?oxy_comment_end ?>
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<bibl>(<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bielmeier"/> <biblScope>235</biblScope></bibl>)
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невероятна.</note></etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">Traced back to <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">auma-la-</w></mentioned> and has a root similar to <mentioned xml:lang="la"><w>ūmidus</w>
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<gloss><q>wet</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>damp</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="la"><w>ūmeo</w>
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<gloss><q>be wet</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="la"><w>ūmor</w>
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<gloss><q>humidity</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>moisture</q></gloss></mentioned>. Related, as
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paradoxical as it may seem, are <mentioned xml:lang="xto"><lang/>
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<w>omäl</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="txb"><lang/>
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<w>emalle</w>
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<gloss><q>warm</q></gloss></mentioned>. It is known that, although the formation of the
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Indo-European languages belongs to a relatively late stage in the development of human
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speech, in some cases, very ancient features of the human consciousness and thinking are
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recognized in them. Here we have one such case. Humidity and heat are equally necessary
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for life. Therefore, in primitive society they were thought of as related concepts. The
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unfairly forgotten Leipzig scientist <name>Hertel</name> convincingly showed this on
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Indo-Iranian material<note type="footnote">See, in particular, these works by him:
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<bibl><title>Arische Feuerlehre</title>. <pubPlace>Leipzig</pubPlace>,
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<date>1925</date>, <biblScope>p. 16, 68 ff., 144</biblScope></bibl>;
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<bibl><title>Beiträge zur Erklärung des Awestas und des Vedas</title>.
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<author>Leipzig</author>, <date>1929</date>, <biblScope>p.
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30</biblScope></bibl>.</note>. A bright example of such semantics is <mentioned xml:lang="sla"><lang/>
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<w>topiti</w></mentioned>,
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<?oxy_comment_start author="elohim" timestamp="20230502T094704+0300" comment="так ли здесь номера делаются?"?><mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>topitʼ</w>
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<gloss n="1"><num>1</num>. <q>heat with fire</q></gloss>, <gloss n="2"><num>2</num>
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<q>submerge in water</q></gloss></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?><note type="footnote">Etymologists consider <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><w>topitʼ</w>¹</mentioned> and
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<mentioned xml:lang="ru"><w>topitʼ</w>²</mentioned> two separate words. Lack of formal
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scholarship was this time an advantage to <name>Dahl</name>: he gives boths meanings of
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<mentioned xml:lang="ru"><w>topitʼ</w></mentioned>
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<?oxy_comment_start author="elohim" timestamp="20230628T222110+0600" comment="?"?>inside
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one derivational nest<?oxy_comment_end ?>.</note>. The
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<?oxy_comment_start author="elohim" timestamp="20230628T222353+0600" comment="?"?>Scytho-Latino-Tocharian<?oxy_comment_end ?>
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isogloss assumes one common root <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">aum-</w>
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<gloss><q>life force</q></gloss></mentioned>, which gave, one hand, <q>moisture</q> and
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on the other — <q>heat</q>. — <name>Ws. Miller</name> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/>
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<biblScope>II 144</biblScope></bibl>) supposedly traced <oRef/> back to <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">ava-mala-</w></mentioned>, having <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>mala-</w>
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<gloss><q>dirt</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>impurity</q></gloss></mentioned> in mind. But the
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last word is close to <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
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<w>μέλᾱς</w>
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<gloss><q>black</q></gloss></mentioned> etc. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Mayrhofer"/>
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<biblScope>II 598</biblScope></bibl>).<note type="footnote">Connecting <oRef/> to
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<?oxy_comment_start author="elohim" timestamp="20230502T095156+0300" comment="в статье с omyn отсылают к wÆmyn, а статьи wAmyn нет. какой здесь mentioned?"?><ref type="xr" target="#entry_omyn"><w>omyn (wamyn)</w>
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<gloss><q>vomere</q></gloss></ref><?oxy_comment_end ?>
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<bibl>(<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bielmeier"/>
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<biblScope>235</biblScope></bibl>) is imporbable.</note></etym>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI>
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