286 lines
21 KiB
XML
286 lines
21 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ᵆxsīd</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_7xsīd" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="russian-questions">
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<form xml:id="form_d4292e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>ᵆxsīd</orth></form>
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<form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>æxsed</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d4292e69">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>заря</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>dawn</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>зарево</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>glow</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">обычно в композитах </note><note xml:lang="en" type="comment">usually in compounds </note><orth>sæwæxsīd</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">утренняя заря</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">morning dawn</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma">, <orth>izæræxsīd (zæræxsīd)</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">вечерняя заря</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">evening dawn</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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</re>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">xæxty fæstæ anyk˳y ld xūr æmæ arvyl yssyǧdī
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izær <oRef>æxsīdy</oRef> cæxær</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">солнце скрылось за горами, и на небе вспыхнул
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огонь вечерней зари</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the sun hid behind the mountains, and the fire
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of the evening dawn flared up in the sky</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_F."/>
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<biblScope>1959 I 43</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">syrx zældagaw xæmpūs ævraǵyl
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<oRef>zæræxsīd</oRef> qazgæjæ fæzynd</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">подобная алому шелку, на мягком облаке
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показалась играючи вечерняя заря</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">like scarlet silk, on a soft cloud, the evening
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dawn appeared effortlessly</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Хар._Уац."/>
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<biblScope>49</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>sæwæxsīd</oRef> ærvgærætty
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ssyǧd</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">по краю неба вспыхнула утренняя заря</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">at the edge of the sky the morning dawn
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flared</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Хар._Уац."/>
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<biblScope>60</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>izæræxsīd</oRef> xæxty særmæ
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ax˳yssyd</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">вечерняя заря погасла над горами</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the evening dawn faded over the mountains</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_F."/>
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<biblScope>1964 XII 12</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">cæfsuj wælǧædæ surx
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<oRef>æxsed</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">горит над лесом алая заря</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the scarlet dawn burns over the forest</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
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<biblScope>66</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">xor ninniǧuldæj, <oRef>xsed</oRef>
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cæfsuj</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">солнце зашло, горит заря</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the sun has set, the dawn is burning</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
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<biblScope>76</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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</exampleGrp>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> — См. еще цитаты под <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sæwæxsīd"/></note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> — See also quotes under <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sæwæxsīd"/></note>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Восходит к <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">xšaita-</w>
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<gloss><q>сияющий</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>блестящий</q></gloss></mentioned>. Ср.
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<mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>šīd</w>
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<gloss><q>сияющий</q></gloss></mentioned> во второй части сложения <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><w>xuršīd</w>
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<gloss><q>солнце</q></gloss> (<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">солнце
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сияющее</q></gloss>)</mentioned> из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">hwar-xšaita-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><w>J̌amšīd</w>
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<gloss>личное имя</gloss></mentioned> из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">Yama-xšaita-</w>
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<gloss><q>Яма блистательный</q></gloss>, <gloss>герой золотого века в иранской
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мифологии</gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
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<w>šēt</w>
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<gloss><q>сияющий</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><w>šēt asp</w>
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<gloss><q>гнедой конь</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><w>xwar-xšēt</w>
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<gloss><q>солнце</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/> (из иран.)
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<w>ašxet’</w>
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<gloss><q>красный</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><w>ašxetʼaʒi</w>
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<gloss><q>гнедой конь</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>xšaeta-</w>
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<gloss><q>сияющий</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>блестящий</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>hvarə-xšaeta</w>
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<gloss><q>солнце</q></gloss>, а также <gloss>эпитет утренней зари</gloss></mentioned>
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<mentioned xml:lang="ae"><w>ušah-</w> (<w>ušah- xšoiθnī-</w>)</mentioned>. — Иранский
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корень <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">xšay-</w> совмещал два значения:
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<gloss><q>сиять</q></gloss> и <gloss><q>властвовать</q></gloss></mentioned>
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(<mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>xšāy-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><w>xšaya-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><w>xšaθra-</w></mentioned> и пр.). Ср. с семантической стороны <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>Ваше сиятельство</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
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<w>Durchtaucht</w></mentioned> как обращение к персонам княжеского ранга, <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
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<w>ildustris</w>
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<gloss><q>сияющий</q></gloss> → <gloss><q>знатный</q></gloss></mentioned>.<note type="footnote">Некоторые авторы, безуспешно пытаясь размежевать значения <q>сиять</q> и
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<q>властвовать</q>, переводят <mentioned xml:lang="ae">
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<w>xšaeta-</w>
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</mentioned>
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<q>mächtig</q>, <q>majestic</q>, <q>Konig</q>, <q>Herr</q> (см.: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Gershevitch._Mithra"/>
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<biblScope>331</biblScope></bibl>). В действительности эти два значения друг от друга
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неотделимы.</note> Поэтому есть все основания с <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>xšaeta-</w></mentioned>, ос. <oRef>xšīd</oRef> связать этимологически <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">xšīδ</w> (<w>γš’yδ</w>, <w>γšyδ</w>, <w>’xšyδ</w>)</mentioned>, у <hi rendition="#rend_bold">арабских</hi> и <hi rendition="#rend_bold">персидских</hi>
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авторов <mentioned xml:lang="ar" extralang="fa"><w>ixšīd</w>, <gloss>титул правителей
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Ферганы</gloss><note type="comment"> (<hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Ибн
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Хордадбе</hi>, <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Табари</hi>, <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Бируни</hi>) и Согда (Ибн <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Хордадбе</hi>Хордадбе) (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Benveniste._Titres"/>
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<biblScope>20—22</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned> . Ср. также <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">xšētan</w></mentioned> в <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><gloss>личном имени </gloss>
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<w>Ywδʼγšytk</w><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><author xml:lang="ru">Лившиц</author>, <title xml:lang="ru">Письменные памятники и проблемы истории культуры народов
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Востока</title>, <pubPlace xml:lang="ru">М.</pubPlace>, <date>1977</date>,
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<biblScope xml:lang="ru">стр. 112</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">стр.
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112</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">xšiδ</w></mentioned>, в свою очередь, этимологически и по значению
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неотделимо от <mentioned xml:lang="sa-vaidika"><lang/>
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<w>kšaita-</w>
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<gloss><q>царь</q></gloss></mentioned> (<hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Grassmann</hi>:
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<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Stammeshaupt</q>; <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Mayrhofer</hi>: <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">wohl <q>Konig</q> und
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<q>glänzend</q></q>). О <mentioned xml:lang="sa-vaidika"><lang/>
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<w>kšaita-</w></mentioned> в связи с <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>xšaeta-</w></mentioned> см.: <bibl><author>Wikander</author>, <title>Studia
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linguistica</title>
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<biblScope>1951 V 89—94</biblScope></bibl>. — Об <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>xšaeta-</w></mentioned> см. еще: <bibl><author>Belardi</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AION"/>
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<biblScope>1960 III 24 sqq., 38</biblScope></bibl>. — От той же базы <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">xšay-</w></mentioned> — ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7xsīn"><w>xsīn</w>
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<gloss><q>госпожа</q></gloss></ref>, q. v. См. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sæwæxsīd"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_izæræxsīd"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7xsīdaf"/>,
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<ref type="xr" target="#entry_7xsīdæn"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xsīdyn"/>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
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<biblScope>19, 64, 189</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">Goes back to <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">xšaita-</w>
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<gloss><q>shining</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>brilliant</q></gloss></mentioned>. Cf.
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<mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>šīd</w>
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<gloss><q>shining</q></gloss></mentioned> in the second part of the compound <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><w>xuršīd</w>
|
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<gloss><q>sun</q></gloss> (<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">sun
|
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shining</q></gloss>)</mentioned> from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">hwar-xšaita-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><w>J̌amšīd</w>
|
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<gloss>personal name</gloss></mentioned> from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">Yama-xšaita-</w>
|
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<gloss><q>Yama resplendent</q></gloss>, <gloss>hero of the golden age in Iranian
|
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|
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mythology</gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
|
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<w>šēt</w>
|
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|
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<gloss><q>shining</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><w>šēt asp</w>
|
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<gloss><q>bay horse</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><w>xwar-xšēt</w>
|
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<gloss><q>sun</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/> (from Iranian)
|
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<w>ašxet’</w>
|
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|
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<gloss><q>red</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><w>ašxetʼaʒi</w>
|
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|
|
<gloss><q>bay horse</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
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|
|
<w>xšaeta-</w>
|
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|
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<gloss><q>shining</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>brilliant</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
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|
|
<w>hvarə-xšaeta</w>
|
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|
|
<gloss><q>sun</q></gloss>, also <gloss>an epithet of dawn</gloss></mentioned>
|
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|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="ae"><w>ušah-</w> (<w>ušah- xšoiθnī-</w>)</mentioned>. — The Iranian
|
|||
|
|
stem <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">xšay-</w> combined two meanings:
|
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|
|
<gloss><q>shine</q></gloss> and <gloss><q>dominate</q></gloss></mentioned>
|
|||
|
|
(<mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
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|
|
<w>xšāy-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><w>xšaya-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><w>xšaθra-</w></mentioned> etc.). Semantically, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
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|
|
<w>Vaše sijatelʼstvo</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>Your Shining</q></gloss>, an form of address to nobility</mentioned>,
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
|
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|
|
<w>Durchtaucht</w></mentioned> as an appeal to persons of princely rank, <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>ildustris</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>shining</q></gloss> → <gloss><q>noble</q></gloss></mentioned>.<note type="footnote">Some authors, unsuccessfully trying to delimit the meanings <q>shine</q>
|
|||
|
|
and <q>dominate</q>, translate <mentioned xml:lang="ae">
|
|||
|
|
<w>xšaeta-</w>
|
|||
|
|
</mentioned> as <q>mächtig</q>, <q>majestic</q>, <q>Konig</q>, <q>Herr</q> (see:
|
|||
|
|
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Gershevitch._Mithra"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>331</biblScope></bibl>). In fact, these two meanings are inseparable from
|
|||
|
|
each other.</note> Therefore, there is every reason to relate ethymologically <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>xšaeta-</w></mentioned>, Ossetic <oRef>xšīd</oRef> to <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w type="rec">xšīδ</w> (<w>γš’yδ</w>, <w>γšyδ</w>, <w>’xšyδ</w>)</mentioned>, or,
|
|||
|
|
according to <hi rendition="#rend_bold">Arabic</hi> and <hi rendition="#rend_bold">Persian</hi> authors, <mentioned xml:lang="ar" extralang="fa"><w>ixšīd</w>,
|
|||
|
|
<gloss>title of the rulers of Ferghana</gloss>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="comment"> (<hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Ibn Khordadbe</hi>, <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Tabari</hi>, <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Biruni</hi>) and Sogdia (<hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Ibn Khordadbe</hi>)
|
|||
|
|
(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Benveniste._Titres"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>20—22</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned> . Consider also <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w type="rec">xšētan</w></mentioned> in <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><gloss>the personal
|
|||
|
|
name</gloss>
|
|||
|
|
<w>Ywδʼγšytk</w><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><author xml:lang="en">Livšic</author>, <title xml:lang="en">Pis'mennye pamyatniki i problemy istorii kul'tury narodov Vostoka
|
|||
|
|
[Written monuments and problems of the history of culture of the peoples of the
|
|||
|
|
East] </title>, <pubPlace xml:lang="en">Moscow</pubPlace>, <date>1977</date>,
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope xml:lang="ru">стр. 112</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">p.
|
|||
|
|
112</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w type="rec">xšiδ</w></mentioned> is, in its turn, etymologically and semantically
|
|||
|
|
inseparable from <mentioned xml:lang="sa-vaidika"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kšaita-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>king</q></gloss></mentioned> (<hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Grassmann</hi>:
|
|||
|
|
<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Stammeshaupt</q>; <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Mayrhofer</hi>: <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">wohl <q>Konig</q> und
|
|||
|
|
<q>glänzend</q></q>). On <mentioned xml:lang="sa-vaidika"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kšaita-</w></mentioned> in connection with <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>xšaeta-</w></mentioned>, see: <bibl><author>Wikander</author>, <title>Studia
|
|||
|
|
linguistica</title>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>1951 V 89—94</biblScope></bibl>. — On <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>xšaeta-</w></mentioned>, see also: <bibl><author>Belardi</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AION"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>1960 III 24 sqq., 38</biblScope></bibl>. — The same base <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">xšay-</w></mentioned> gave rise to Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7xsīn"><w>xsīn</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>madam</q></gloss></ref>, q. v. See <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sæwæxsīd"/>,
|
|||
|
|
<ref type="xr" target="#entry_izæræxsīd"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7xsīdaf"/>,
|
|||
|
|
<ref type="xr" target="#entry_7xsīdæn"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xsīdyn"/>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>19, 64, 189</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
|
|||
|
|
</entry>
|
|||
|
|
</body>
|
|||
|
|
</text>
|
|||
|
|
</TEI>
|