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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
<teiHeader>
<fileDesc>
<titleStmt>
<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Satána</hi></title>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc>
<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
<tagsDecl>
<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
</tagsDecl>
</encodingDesc>
</teiHeader>
<text>
<body>
<entry xml:id="entry_Satána" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="incomplete">
<form xml:id="form_d2947e66" type="lemma"><orth>Satána</orth></form>
<sense xml:id="sense_d2947e69">
<def xml:lang="ru">прославленная героиня осетинского эпоса о героях Нартах, сестра и жена
Урузмага. Рисуется в сказаниях как мать народа, центр и средоточие нартовского мира,
хлебосольная хозяйка, заботливая воспитательница и наставница младших героев, мудрая
советчица в трудные для нартов времена, иногда — могущественная чародейка
(<bibl><author>Абаев</author>. <title>Нартовский эпос</title>. <publisher>Изв.
Сев.-Осет. научно-исслед. инст</publisher>. <biblScope>1945 X 1
36—37</biblScope></bibl>)</def>
<def xml:lang="en">glorified heroine of the Ossetian epos about Nart heroes, sister and
wife of Wyryzmæg. She is depicted in legends as the mother of the nation, the center of
the Nart world, the hospitable mistresses and mentor of the younger heroes, the wise
adviser in times that are difficult for Narts, sometimes she is described as a mighty
enchantress (<bibl><author>Abaev</author>. <title>Nartovskij èpos</title> [The Nart
Saga]. <publisher>Izv. Sev.-Oset. naučno-issled. inst</publisher>.
<biblScope>1945 X 1 36—37</biblScope></bibl>)</def>
</sense>
<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
<example>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ḱyzg qomyl bajdydtoj æmæ jyl sæværdtoj nom
<oRef>Satana</oRef></quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">девочку стали воспитывать и дали ей имя
Шатана</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">[they] started to raise the girl and named her
Satana</q>
</tr>
<note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="ru" type="footnote">Чтобы избежать
нежелательного созвучия, мы передаем по-русски <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Шатана</q>, а не <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Сатана</q>.</note>
<!--<note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" type="footnote">In order to
avoid an undesirable consonance, in Russian we use <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Шатана</q>, but not <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Сатана</q>.</note>-->
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭп."/>
<biblScope>22</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">sæ fæstaǧy nyxas <oRef>Satanamæ</oRef>
acydī</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">напоследок они (Нарты) обратились за советом к
Шатане</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">finally, they (Narts) asked Satana for
advice</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭп."/>
<biblScope>26</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">læg xwyzdær — Wyryzmæg, ūs xwyzdær —
<oRef>Satana</oRef></quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">лучший из мужчин — Урузмаг, лучшая из женщин —
Шатана</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the best one among men is Wyryzmæg, the best
one among women is Satana</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭп."/>
<biblScope>40</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>Satana</oRef> zaǧta: æværd myn īs avd
xæʒary ʒag xærd æmæ nwæzt</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Шатана сказала: у меня припасено семь полных
домов еды и питья</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Satana said: seven houses full of food and
drinks are stored by me</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Munk."/>
<biblScope>132</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef xml:lang="os-x-digor">Satanajæn</oRef>
suǧzærīnæj æ kærcæ æj, sire kʼela æ badæn æj</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">у Шатаны из золота шуба, почетное кресло — ее
сиденье</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Satana's coat is golden, the chair of honour is
her seat</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_DZ"/>
<biblScope>38</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ra-nin-æj-xæssaj, saw bægæni, Narti <oRef xml:lang="os-x-digor">Satana</oRef>!</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">вынеси нам черное пиво, нартовская Шатана!</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">bring us black beer, Satana of the Narts!</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_DZ"/>
<biblScope>138</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Æxsijnæ <oRef xml:lang="os-x-digor">Satana</oRef> ku næ wa, wæd anæn max neci amal isserʒinan</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">если не будет Госпожи Шатаны (ее совета), то мы
с ними (с вражеским войском) никак не справимся</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">if there aren't Mistress Satana (her advice),
we won't cope with them (with the enemy's army)</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
<biblScope>II 45</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
</exampleGrp>
<etym xml:lang="ru">Старое аланское женское имя. Впервые засвидетельствовано армянским
историком Моисеем <name>Хоренским</name> (V в. н. э.) в форме <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>Satenik</w></mentioned>. По рассказу этого автора, армянские народные певцы в его
время воспевали красоту и ум аланской принцессы Сатеник, которая во время алано-армянской
войны (начало II в. н. э.) пленила армянского царя Арташеса и выручила из плена своего
брата. Поскольку фигура Шатаны занимает центральное место в нартовском эпосе, ее имя
известно всем народам Кавказа, у которых распространены нартовские сказания: <mentioned xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><lang/>
<w>Satanaj</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kbd"><lang/>
<w>Sätanäj</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kbd-x-crc-west"><lang/>
<w>Setenej</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ady-x-abadz"><lang/>
<w>Satanaj</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="uby"><lang/>
<w>Satanej</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ab"><lang/>
<w>Satanej</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
<w>Sěli-Sata</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sva"><lang/>
<w>Satanäj</w> (<w>Orxugw Satanäj</w>
<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Чародейка Сатанай</q></gloss></mentioned>, ср.
<mentioned xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><lang/>
<w>Obur-Satanaj</w></mentioned> id.), <mentioned xml:lang="sva"><lang/>
<w>Zitanäj</w></mentioned> женское имя. У горного грузинского племени рачинцев отмечено
женское имя <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><w>Satanaj</w></mentioned> в эпосе и в быту
(<bibl><author>Дзидзигури</author>. <title>Грузинские варианты нартского
эпоса</title>. <pubPlace>Тбилиси</pubPlace>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">1971, стр.
7</biblScope></bibl>). Этимология не
вполне ясна. Учитывая первенствующую роль Шатаны в эпосе, <name>Bailey</name> сближает с
<mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
<w>sātar-</w>
<gloss><q>властитель</q></gloss> (<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">ruling
woman</q></gloss>)</mentioned>. А. <name>Биазров</name> (в письме) думает о связи с
<mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
<w>sāt</w> в <w>sātgīn</w>
<gloss><q>любимый предмет</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Ягелло"/></bibl>). В любом случае древность и аланская принадлежность
имени, подтверждаемые Моисеем <name>Хоренским</name>, не вызывают сомнения. Более того, не
исключено, что принцесса Сатеник, ее ум и красота владели умами не только армянских
рапсодов, но и певцов на ее родине Алании, и песни о ней, контаминировавшись с древним,
идущим еще от матриархата, образом мудрой матери народа, способствовали оформлению образа
нартовской героини и ее имени.<note xml:lang="ru" type="footnote">Случайным надо
считать созвучие имени <oRef>Satana</oRef> с болг. <mentioned xml:lang="bg"><w>Стана</w>
имя героини болгарской баллады</mentioned> (<bibl><author>Халанокий</author>.
<title>Великорусские былины киевского цикла</title>. <pubPlace>Варшава</pubPlace>,
<biblScope xml:lang="ru">1885, стр. 39</biblScope></bibl>).</note> Об
алано-армянских связях см.: <bibl><author>Bailey</author>, <title>Revue des Etudes
Arm</title>. <biblScope>1965 II 3</biblScope></bibl>. <bibl><author>Лавров</author>.
<title>Заметки об Осетии и осетинах</title>. <publisher>СМК</publisher>
<biblScope>III 189</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Dumézil</author>. <title>Légendes
sur les Nartes</title>. <pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">1930,
стр. 171</biblScope></bibl>. —
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ЯМ"/>
<biblScope>1935 V 67</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AION"/>
<biblScope>1959 I 136</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSOAS"/>
<biblScope>1963 XXVI 79</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_JRAS"/>
<biblScope xml:lang="ru">1972, стр. 109</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
<etym xml:lang="en">It is an old Alanian female name. For the first time it was attested by
Armenian historian Movses <name>Khorenatsi</name> (5th century A.D.) in the form
<mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>Satenik</w></mentioned>. According to the story of this
author, Armenian folk singers in his time glorified the beauty and wisdom of Alanian
princess Satenik, who, during the Alanian-Armenian war (the beginning of the 2th century
A. D.), captivated Armenian king Artaxias and rescued from captivity her brother. Since
the figure of Satana occupies the central place in the Nart sagas, her name is known to
all of the Caucasian people among which the Nart sagas are common: <mentioned xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><lang/>
<w>Satanaj</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kbd"><lang/>
<w>Sätanäj</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kbd-x-crc-west"><lang/>
<w>Setenej</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ady-x-abadz"><lang/>
<w>Satanaj</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="uby"><lang/>
<w>Satanej</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ab"><lang/>
<w>Satanej</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
<w>Sěli-Sata</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sva"><lang/>
<w>Satanäj</w> (<w>Orxugw Satanäj</w>
<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Enchantress Satanaj</q></gloss></mentioned>,
cf. <mentioned xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><lang/>
<w>Obur-Satanaj</w></mentioned> id.), <mentioned xml:lang="sva"><lang/>
<w>Zitanäj</w></mentioned> female name. In the sagas and in everyday life of Georgian
mountain tribe of Rachins, female name <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><w>Satanaj</w></mentioned>
is attested (<bibl><author>Dzidziguri</author>. <title>Gruzinskie varianty nartskogo èposa
</title> [The Georgian variants of the Nart Sagas]. <pubPlace>Tbilisi</pubPlace>, <biblScope xml:lang="en">1971, p.
7</biblScope></bibl>). The etymology of the word is not fully clear. Considering the
dominant role of Satana in the sagas, <name>Bailey</name> brings it together with
<mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
<w>sātar-</w>
<gloss><q>ruler</q></gloss> (<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">ruling
woman</q></gloss>)</mentioned>. A. <name>Biazrov</name> (in his letter) suggests the
connection with <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
<w>sāt</w> in <w>sātgīn</w>
<gloss><q>favourite subject </q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Ягелло"/></bibl>). In any case, the antiquity and the belonging of the
name to Alanian, confirmed by Movses <name>Khorenatsi</name>, are undeniable. Moreover,
it is not excluded that princess Satenik, her wisdom and beauty occupied the minds of not
only Armenian singers, but also of the chanters from her homeland Alania, and the songs
about her, having mixed with the ancient, coming from the matriarchy image of a wise
mother of people, promoted the formation of the image of the Nart heroine and of the image
of her name.<note type="footnote">The consonance of the name <oRef>Satana</oRef> with
Bulgarian <mentioned xml:lang="bg"><w>Stana</w> the name of the heroine of one Bulgarian
ballad</mentioned> must be considered accidental
(<bibl><author>Xalanokij</author>. <title>Velikorusskie byliny kievskogo cikla</title> [The
Great Russian bylinas of the Kiev cycle]. <pubPlace>Warsaw</pubPlace>,
<biblScope xml:lang="en">1885, p.
39</biblScope></bibl>).</note> About Alanian-Armenian connections see:
<bibl><author>Bailey</author>, <title>Revue des Etudes Arm</title>. <biblScope>1965 II
3</biblScope></bibl>. <bibl><author>Lavrov</author>. <title>Zametki ob Osetii i
osetinax</title> [Notes on Ossetia and the Ossetians]. <publisher>SMK</publisher>
<biblScope>III 189</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Dumézil</author>. <title>Légendes
sur les Nartes</title>. <pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>, <biblScope xml:lang="en">1930, p. 171</biblScope></bibl>. —
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ЯМ"/>
<biblScope>1935 V 67</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AION"/>
<biblScope>1959 I 136</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSOAS"/>
<biblScope>1963 XXVI 79</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_JRAS"/>
<biblScope xml:lang="en">1972, p.
109</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
</entry>
</body>
</text>
</TEI>
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