305 lines
22 KiB
XML
305 lines
22 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">cʼæx</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
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<biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_cʼæx" xml:lang="os">
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<form xml:id="form_d1971e66" type="lemma"><orth>cʼæx</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d1971e69"><sense xml:id="sense_d1971e70"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>серый</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>gray</q>
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</abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d1971e79"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>синий</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>dark blue</q>
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</abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d1971e88"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>голубой</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>light blue</q>
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</abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d1971e97"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>зеленый</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>green</q>
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</abv:tr></sense></sense>
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<re xml:id="re_d1971e107">
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<re xml:id="re_d1971e109">
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<form xml:id="form_d1971e111" type="lemma"><orth>cʼæx bīræǧ</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d1971e114"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>серый волк</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>gray wolf</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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</re>
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<re xml:id="re_d1971e125">
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<form xml:id="form_d1971e127" type="lemma"><orth>cʼæx arv</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d1971e130"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>синее (голубое) небо</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>blue sky</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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</re>
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<re xml:id="re_d1971e141">
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<form xml:id="form_d1971e143" type="lemma"><orth>cʼæx kærdæg</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d1971e146"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>зеленая трава</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>green grass</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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</re>
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<re xml:id="re_d1971e157">
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<form xml:id="form_d1971e159" type="lemma"><orth>cʼæxdændag</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d1971e162"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>оскомина</q>
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</abv:tr><note type="comment" xml:lang="ru"> („зеленый зуб“)</note><note type="comment" xml:lang="en"> (“green tooth”)</note><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>soreness of the mouth</q>
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</abv:tr><note type="comment" xml:lang="ru"> („зеленый зуб“)</note><note type="comment" xml:lang="en"> (“green tooth”)</note></sense>
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</re>
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</re>
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<re xml:id="re_d1971e182">
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<form xml:id="form_d1971e184" type="lemma"><orth>cʼæxæj ræǧæd</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d1971e187"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>преждевременно созревший</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>prematurely ripen</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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</re>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d1971e198">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d1971e200">
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<quote>mæ cūqqa — cʼæx tynæj</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>моя черкеска — из серого сукна</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>my chokha is made of gray cloth</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/><biblScope>52</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d1971e219">
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<quote>dæ fydy xæcængærztæ cʼæx art, cʼæx fæzdæg waʒync xæcyn
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mondagæj</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>оружие твоего отца от жажды боя испускает синее пламя, серый дым</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>lusting for battle your father's weapon emits blue flames, gray
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smoke</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/><biblScope>IV
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139</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d1971e238">
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<quote>komy cʼæx mīǧ nybbadt</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>в ущелье засел серый туман</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>gray fog settled in the gorge</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d1971e253" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>cʼæx meǧæ sbaduj sæ bæxti tulfæj</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>от пара их коней стоит серый туман</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>there is grey fog from their horses' exhalation</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭп."/><biblScope>58%l181%l</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d1971e275">
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<quote>nal wynys arvy cʼæx</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>ты не видишь больше голубого неба</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>you don't see blue sky anymore</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Æfx._Xæs."/><biblScope>99</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d1971e295">
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<quote>jæ kʼūltæ — ʽrǧæw, jæ byn—cʼæx avg</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>стены его (дома) — перламутр, пол — синее стекло</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>his walls (of his house) is nacre, floor is blue glass</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭп."/><biblScope>14</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d1971e314">
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<quote>bon ærbajdydta cʼæx</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>стало рассветать („день начал сереть“)</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>it began to dawn ("the day began to turn gray")</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/><biblScope>II
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15</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d1971e333">
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<quote>bonycʼæxmæ mæ cæst ne ʽrcʼynd kodton</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>до рассвета я не сомкнул глаз</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>until dawn I didn't close my eyes together</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d1971e348">
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<quote>næ xūssærttæ — cʼæx</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>наши южные склоны — зелены</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>our southern slopes are green</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/><biblScope>60</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d1971e367">
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<quote>saw qædy astæw cʼæx ærdūz</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>посреди черного леса зеленая поляна</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>there is a green meadow in the middle of the black forest</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/><biblScope>III
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5</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d1971e386" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>bælasi awwon, cʼæx zældi astæw æritawuncæ sæ ors nimættæ</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>в тени дерева, посреди зеленой травы расстилают свои белые бурки</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>in the shade of a tree, in the middle of green grass, they spread
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their white felt cloaks</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭп."/><biblScope xml:lang="ru">59%l224
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сл.%l</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">59%l224
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ff.%l</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d1971e412" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>i cʼewtæ kʼwaremæj pixsbun isbaduncæ cʼæxbæl</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>птички стайками садятся под кустами на траве</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>flocks of birds sit under the bushes in the grass</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/><biblScope>75</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d1971e434" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>sæwmon ærtæx walʒigon cʼæxbunbæl kud fedawuj, otæ fedawis dæ bæxi
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usqi</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>как утренняя роса на весенней траве, так красуешься ты на плече
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коня</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>like morning dew on the spring grass, so you are flaunting on the
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horse's shoulder</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/><biblScope>II
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69</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d1971e456">
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<quote>baltæn sæ cʼæxtæ ma ton, fælæ sæ ræǧædtæ</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>рви не зеленые вишни, а спелые</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>pick not green cherries, but red-pipes</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">По всей вероятности, кавказское слово; ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1971e583" xml:id="mentioned_d1971e475" xml:lang="av"><lang/>
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<w>cʼcʼahil</w>
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<gloss><q>серый</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1971e591" xml:id="mentioned_d1971e483" xml:lang="av"><w/>
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<gloss><q>голубой</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1971e597" xml:id="mentioned_d1971e489" xml:lang="tab"><lang/>
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<w>cʼux-</w>
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<gloss><q>серый</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1971e605" xml:id="mentioned_d1971e497" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
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<w>cʼaxi</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1971e610" xml:id="mentioned_d1971e502" xml:lang="ka"><w>cʼaka</w>
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<gloss><q>сыворотка</q></gloss></mentioned> („серая жидкость“, ср.
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1971e617" xml:id="mentioned_d1971e509" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
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<w>cʼæx syly</w>
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<gloss><q>сыворотка</q></gloss></mentioned>), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1971e625" xml:id="mentioned_d1971e517" xml:lang="kbd"><lang/>
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<w>śʼexw</w>
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<gloss><q>синий</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1971e633" xml:id="mentioned_d1971e525" xml:lang="kbd"><w/>
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<gloss><q>голубой</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1971e639" xml:id="mentioned_d1971e531" xml:lang="kbd"><w>śʼxo</w>
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<gloss><q>серый</q></gloss></mentioned>. Намечаются связи и на иранской
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почве: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1971e645" xml:id="mentioned_d1971e537" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>zaǧ</w>
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<gloss><q>синий</q></gloss></mentioned> (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1971e653" xml:id="mentioned_d1971e545" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>zaǧ-časm</w>
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<gloss><q>синеглазый</q></gloss></mentioned>). Старым иранским словом для
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понятия ‘серый’ было в осетинском <hi rendition="#rend_italic">xær</hi>-, которое сохранилось в <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xæræg"/> ‘осел’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xærīs"/>
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‘ива’, д. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xæræ_1"/> <hi rendition="#rend_italic">meǧæ</hi> ‘серый туман’. Для
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‘синего’ или ‘темно-серого’ существовало слово <hi rendition="#rend_italic">æxsm</hi>. Совмещение в одном
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(слове значений ‘серого’, ‘синего’ и ‘зеленого’ объясняется хозяйственной
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неактуальностью этих цветовых различий в условиях староосетинского быта. В
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аналогичных условиях такой же цветовой „синкретизм“ наблюдается в других языках;
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ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1971e668" xml:id="mentioned_d1971e560" xml:lang="ab"><lang/>
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<w>á-ec˳ʼa</w>
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<gloss><q>серый</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1971e676" xml:id="mentioned_d1971e568" xml:lang="ab"><w/>
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<gloss><q>синий</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1971e682" xml:id="mentioned_d1971e574" xml:lang="ab"><w/>
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<gloss><q>зеленый</q></gloss></mentioned>.</etym>
|
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<etym xml:lang="en">From all appearances, it is a Caucasian word; cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1971e475" xml:id="mentioned_d1971e583" xml:lang="av"><lang/>
|
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<w>cʼcʼahil</w>
|
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<gloss><q>gray</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1971e483" xml:id="mentioned_d1971e591" xml:lang="av"><w/>
|
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|
<gloss><q>light blue</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1971e489" xml:id="mentioned_d1971e597" xml:lang="tab"><lang/>
|
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<w>cʼux-</w>
|
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<gloss><q>gray</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1971e497" xml:id="mentioned_d1971e605" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
|
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<w>cʼaxi</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1971e502" xml:id="mentioned_d1971e610" xml:lang="ka"><w>cʼaka</w>
|
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<gloss><q>serum</q></gloss></mentioned> (“gray liquid”, cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1971e509" xml:id="mentioned_d1971e617" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
|
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|
<w>cʼæx syly</w>
|
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|
<gloss><q>serum</q></gloss></mentioned>), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1971e517" xml:id="mentioned_d1971e625" xml:lang="kbd"><lang/>
|
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|
<w>śʼexw</w>
|
|||
|
<gloss><q>dark blue</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1971e525" xml:id="mentioned_d1971e633" xml:lang="kbd"><w/>
|
|||
|
<gloss><q>light blue</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1971e531" xml:id="mentioned_d1971e639" xml:lang="kbd"><w>śʼxo</w>
|
|||
|
<gloss><q>gray</q></gloss></mentioned>. There are also connections in
|
|||
|
Iranian languages: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1971e537" xml:id="mentioned_d1971e645" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
|
|||
|
<w>zaǧ</w>
|
|||
|
<gloss><q>blue</q></gloss></mentioned> (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1971e545" xml:id="mentioned_d1971e653" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
|
|||
|
<w>zaǧ-časm</w>
|
|||
|
<gloss><q>blue-eyed</q></gloss></mentioned>). The word <hi rendition="#rend_italic">xær</hi>- which is now
|
|||
|
found in <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xæræg"/> ‘donkey’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xærīs"/> ‘willow’, Digor <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xæræ_1"/> <hi rendition="#rend_italic">meǧæ</hi> ‘gray fog’ was an old Iranian word for ‘gray’. For ‘blue’ or ‘dark
|
|||
|
gray’ there was the word <hi rendition="#rend_italic">æxsin</hi>. Combining meanings ‘gray’, ‘blue’ and
|
|||
|
‘green’ in one word is explained by the economic irrelevance of these colour
|
|||
|
differences in the conditions of old Ossetian life. The same colour “syncretism”
|
|||
|
in analogous conditions is found in other languages; cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1971e560" xml:id="mentioned_d1971e668" xml:lang="ab"><lang/>
|
|||
|
<w>á-ec˳ʼa</w>
|
|||
|
<gloss><q>gray</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1971e568" xml:id="mentioned_d1971e676" xml:lang="ab"><w/>
|
|||
|
<gloss><q>blue</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1971e574" xml:id="mentioned_d1971e682" xml:lang="ab"><w/>
|
|||
|
<gloss><q>green</q></gloss></mentioned>.</etym>
|
|||
|
</entry>
|
|||
|
</body>
|
|||
|
</text>
|
|||
|
</TEI>
|