126 lines
11 KiB
XML
126 lines
11 KiB
XML
|
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
|
|||
|
|
<teiHeader>
|
|||
|
|
<fileDesc>
|
|||
|
|
<titleStmt>
|
|||
|
|
<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fæxt</hi></title>
|
|||
|
|
</titleStmt>
|
|||
|
|
<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
|
|||
|
|
Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
|
|||
|
|
<sourceDesc>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
|
|||
|
|
<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
|
|||
|
|
<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</sourceDesc>
|
|||
|
|
</fileDesc>
|
|||
|
|
<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
|
|||
|
|
<tagsDecl>
|
|||
|
|
<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
|
|||
|
|
<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
|
|||
|
|
<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
|
|||
|
|
<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
|
|||
|
|
</tagsDecl>
|
|||
|
|
</encodingDesc>
|
|||
|
|
</teiHeader>
|
|||
|
|
<text>
|
|||
|
|
<body>
|
|||
|
|
<entry xml:id="entry_fæxt" xml:lang="os">
|
|||
|
|
<form xml:id="form_d4001e66" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>fæxt</orth></form>
|
|||
|
|
<form xml:id="form_d4001e69" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>fæstæ</orth></form>
|
|||
|
|
<sense xml:id="sense_d4001e72"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q>ступка</q>
|
|||
|
|
</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q>mortar</q>
|
|||
|
|
</abv:tr></sense>
|
|||
|
|
<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d4001e82">
|
|||
|
|
<abv:example xml:id="example_d4001e84">
|
|||
|
|
<quote>fæxty cæxx nyxxoj</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q>истолки в ступе соль</q>
|
|||
|
|
</abv:tr>
|
|||
|
|
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q>pestle salt in a mortar</q>
|
|||
|
|
</abv:tr>
|
|||
|
|
</abv:example>
|
|||
|
|
<abv:example xml:id="example_d4001e99" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
|
|||
|
|
<usg><lang/></usg>
|
|||
|
|
<quote>ka si tæbæǧi… ka fæsti</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q>кто из них (летела) на блюде, кто в ступе</q>
|
|||
|
|
</abv:tr>
|
|||
|
|
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q>some of them flew on a platter, some of them flew in a mortar</q>
|
|||
|
|
</abv:tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Gurdž._Wadž."/><biblScope>28</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</abv:example>
|
|||
|
|
<abv:example xml:id="example_d4001e121" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
|
|||
|
|
<usg><lang/></usg>
|
|||
|
|
<quote>konǧædæ — æ soʒīnæ, fæstæ — je ʽngurstewæn</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q>иглой ей (служит) бревно, наперстком — ступа</q>
|
|||
|
|
</abv:tr>
|
|||
|
|
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q>a log serves her as a needle, a mortar does so as a thimble</q>
|
|||
|
|
</abv:tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭ"/><biblScope>I 108</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</abv:example>
|
|||
|
|
</abv:exampleGrp>
|
|||
|
|
<etym xml:lang="ru">Очевидна связь с <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4001e221" xml:id="mentioned_d4001e146" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>пест</w></mentioned>. Если бы речь шла о первоначальном родстве, то мы
|
|||
|
|
имели бы в осетинском не <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fæxt</hi>, а <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*fist</hi> (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4001e229" xml:id="mentioned_d4001e151" xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>*peis-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>толочь в ступе</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4001e237" xml:id="mentioned_d4001e159" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>piṣ-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4001e242" xml:id="mentioned_d4001e164" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>piš-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>толочь</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4001e250" xml:id="mentioned_d4001e172" xml:lang="ae"><w/>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>молоть</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4001e257" xml:id="mentioned_d4001e179" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>pist</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>мука</q></gloss></mentioned>, ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4001e265" xml:id="mentioned_d4001e187" xml:lang="la"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>pistillum</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>пест</q></gloss></mentioned>). Формы <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fæxt</hi> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fæstæ</hi> можно
|
|||
|
|
объяснить только как старое (еще в скифскую эпоху) заимствование из славянского.
|
|||
|
|
В этом убеждает особенно чередование <hi rendition="#rend_italic">х</hi> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">s</hi>; это чередование является
|
|||
|
|
славянским; ср. в русских диалектах <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4001e273" xml:id="mentioned_d4001e195" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>пехт-</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="ru"> (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">пехталь</hi>,
|
|||
|
|
<hi rendition="#rend_italic">пехтило</hi>)</note></mentioned> рядом с <hi rendition="#rend_italic">пест</hi>. Для соответствия
|
|||
|
|
гласных ос. <hi rendition="#rend_italic">æ</hi> ← слав. <hi rendition="#rend_italic">e</hi> ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_x0ymællæg"/>.
|
|||
|
|
Колебание значений ‘ступка’ || ‘пест’ — естественно и наблюдается также в других
|
|||
|
|
языках; ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4001e282" xml:id="mentioned_d4001e204" xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>pёstá</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>ступка</q></gloss></mentioned> при <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4001e290" xml:id="mentioned_d4001e212" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>пест</w></mentioned>. С точки зрения исторических реалий предложенное
|
|||
|
|
разъяснение также не вызывает возражений: вполне понятно, что название ступки
|
|||
|
|
скотоводы-скифы могли усвоить у земледельцев-славян.</etym>
|
|||
|
|
<etym xml:lang="en">The relation to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4001e146" xml:id="mentioned_d4001e221" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>pest</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>pestle</q></gloss></mentioned> is evident. If the relationship
|
|||
|
|
between these words was initial, then in Ossetic there would have been
|
|||
|
|
<hi rendition="#rend_italic">*fist</hi>, not <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fæxt</hi> (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4001e151" xml:id="mentioned_d4001e229" xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>*peis-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>pestle in a mortar</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4001e159" xml:id="mentioned_d4001e237" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>piṣ-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4001e164" xml:id="mentioned_d4001e242" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>piš-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>crush</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4001e172" xml:id="mentioned_d4001e250" xml:lang="ae"><w/>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>mill</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4001e179" xml:id="mentioned_d4001e257" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>pist</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>flour</q></gloss></mentioned>, cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4001e187" xml:id="mentioned_d4001e265" xml:lang="la"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>pistillum</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>pestle</q></gloss></mentioned>). The forms <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fæxt</hi> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fæstæ</hi>
|
|||
|
|
could only be explained as an old (back in the Scythian era) borrowing from
|
|||
|
|
Slavic. The alternation of <hi rendition="#rend_italic">х</hi> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">s</hi> is especially convincing; this
|
|||
|
|
alternation is Slavic; cf. in Russian dialects <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4001e195" xml:id="mentioned_d4001e273" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>pext-</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="en"> (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">пехталь</hi>,
|
|||
|
|
<hi rendition="#rend_italic">пехтило</hi>)</note></mentioned> and <hi rendition="#rend_italic">пест</hi>. As for the vowel
|
|||
|
|
correspondence (Ossetic <hi rendition="#rend_italic">æ</hi> ← Slavic <hi rendition="#rend_italic">e</hi>) cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_x0ymællæg"/>. The fluctuating senses ‘mortar’ || ‘pestle’ is
|
|||
|
|
natural and is also observed in other languages; cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4001e204" xml:id="mentioned_d4001e282" xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>pёstá</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>mortar</q></gloss></mentioned> and <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4001e212" xml:id="mentioned_d4001e290" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>pest</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>pestle</q></gloss></mentioned>. From the point of view of
|
|||
|
|
historical realities, the proposed explanation also does not raise any
|
|||
|
|
objections: it is quite clear that the name of the mortar was learned by the
|
|||
|
|
Scythian herders from the Slavic farmers.</etym>
|
|||
|
|
</entry>
|
|||
|
|
</body>
|
|||
|
|
</text>
|
|||
|
|
</TEI>
|