159 lines
15 KiB
XML
159 lines
15 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kæræf</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
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<biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_kæræf" xml:lang="os-x-iron">
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<form xml:id="form_d5149e66" type="lemma"><orth>kæræf</orth></form>
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d5149e72"><sense xml:id="sense_d5149e73"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>жадный</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>greedy</q>
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</abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d5149e82"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>алчный</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>avid</q>
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</abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d5149e91"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>жадность</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>greed</q>
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</abv:tr></sense></sense>
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<re xml:id="re_d5149e101">
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<form xml:id="form_d5149e103" type="lemma"><orth>zyd æmæ kæræf</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d5149e106"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>жадный и алчный</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>greedy and avid</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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</re>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d5149e117">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d5149e119">
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<quote>sæ zyd æmæ sæ kæræfæn æmbal kæm wydī</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>их алчности не было равных</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>they had no equal in greed</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/><biblScope>60</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d5149e138">
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<quote>kæræf læg wydī Farizety fyd, styr iræd bafīdynqom læg ysʒyrdta īwgær
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jæ ḱyzgyl, wæd kom radta</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>жадный был человек отец Фаризет, как только за его дочь посватался
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человек, способный уплатить большой калым, он согласился</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>Farizet's father was a greedy man. As soon as a man who was able to
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pay a big bride price proposed to his daughter, he agreed.</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/><biblScope>132</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Сближаем с <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5149e310" xml:id="mentioned_d5149e161" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>karapan-</w></mentioned>; речь шла, как мы думаем, о поносительной кличке
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— ‘жадный’, ‘обжора’, — понятной в устах Зороастра, боровшегося против
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разорительных жертвоприношений скотом, которые практиковались жадными
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„карапанами“; сюда же, далее, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5149e315" xml:id="mentioned_d5149e166" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>xrafstra</w>
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<gloss><q>хищник</q></gloss></mentioned>, применяется к животным и людям (из
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">*k(a)rap-stra-</hi>).<note type="footnote" n="1"> PUT NOTE HERE </note> Ср.
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также <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5149e326" xml:id="mentioned_d5149e177" xml:lang="ira-x-mid"><lang/>
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<w>karaf</w></mentioned> (?), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5149e331" xml:id="mentioned_d5149e182" xml:lang="tg"><lang/>
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<w>karapčuk</w>
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<gloss><q>вор</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><biblScope>Труды Тадж. базы АН
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СССР III 49</biblScope></bibl>). Отсюда в <hi rendition="#rend_bold">русских</hi> говорах <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5149e343" xml:id="mentioned_d5149e194" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>карабча</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5149e348" xml:id="mentioned_d5149e199" xml:lang="ru"><w>карабчук</w>
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<gloss><q>воришка</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5149e354" xml:id="mentioned_d5149e205" xml:lang="ru"><w/>
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<gloss><q>хапала</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5149e375" xml:id="mentioned_d5149e211" xml:lang="ru"><w/>
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<gloss><q>взяточник</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Даль"/></bibl>), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5149e369" xml:id="mentioned_d5149e221" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>карапчать</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5149e375" xml:id="mentioned_d5149e226" xml:lang="ru"><w>карабчить</w>
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<gloss><q>красть</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5149e381" xml:id="mentioned_d5149e232" xml:lang="ru"><w/>
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<gloss><q>стащить</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d5149e238" xml:lang="ru"><w/>
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<gloss><q>брать взятки</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Даль"/></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Акад._словарь"/></bibl>), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5149e393" xml:id="mentioned_d5149e251" xml:lang="isk"><lang/>
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<w>krpuk</w>
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<gloss><q>глодать</q></gloss></mentioned> (сообщение Т. Н. <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Пахалиной</hi>).
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Речь идет, по-видимому, о весьма древнем индоевропейском слове: ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5149e402" xml:id="mentioned_d5149e259" xml:lang="hit"><lang/>
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<w>karāp-</w>
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<gloss><q>есть</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5149e410" xml:id="mentioned_d5149e267" xml:lang="hit"><w/>
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<gloss><q>пожирать</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5149e416" xml:id="mentioned_d5149e273" xml:lang="hit"><w>karp-</w>
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<gloss><q>собирать</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5149e422" xml:id="mentioned_d5149e279" xml:lang="la"><lang/>
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<w>carpo</w>
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<gloss><q>рву</q></gloss></mentioned> и пр., может быть <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d5149e287" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>черпать</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5149e435" xml:id="mentioned_d5149e293" xml:lang="sl"><lang/>
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<w>črepati</w>
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<gloss><q>жадно хлебать, пить</q></gloss></mentioned>’ и др. — Вариацией
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этого слова является <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xælæf"/>.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Arch._Or."/><biblScope>XXIV
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53</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">We relate it to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5149e161" xml:id="mentioned_d5149e310" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>karapan-</w></mentioned>; as we believe, it is an abusive nickname —
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‘greedy person’, ‘overeater’. It is natural that Zoroaster used it, since he
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fought against devastating cattle sacrifices practiced by greedy “carapans”; it
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is further related to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5149e166" xml:id="mentioned_d5149e315" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>xrafstra</w>
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<gloss><q>predator</q></gloss></mentioned>, it is said about both animals
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and people (from <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*k(a)rap-stra-</hi>).<note type="footnote" n="1"> PUT NOTE HERE
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</note> Cf. also <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5149e177" xml:id="mentioned_d5149e326" xml:lang="ira-x-mid"><lang/>
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<w>karaf</w></mentioned> (?), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5149e182" xml:id="mentioned_d5149e331" xml:lang="tg"><lang/>
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<w>karapčuk</w>
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<gloss><q>thief</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><biblScope>Proceedings of the
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Tajik department of the Soviet Academy of Sciences III
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49</biblScope></bibl>). In <hi rendition="#rend_bold">Russian</hi> dialects the following words
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connected to it are attested: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5149e194" xml:id="mentioned_d5149e343" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>karabča</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5149e199" xml:id="mentioned_d5149e348" xml:lang="ru"><w>karabčuk</w>
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<gloss><q>petty thief</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5149e205" xml:id="mentioned_d5149e354" xml:lang="ru"><w/>
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<gloss><q>bribe taker</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Даль"/></bibl>), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5149e211" xml:id="mentioned_d5149e363" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>karapčatʼ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5149e221" xml:id="mentioned_d5149e369" xml:lang="ru"><w>karabčitʼ</w>
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<gloss><q>to steal</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5149e211" xml:id="mentioned_d5149e375" xml:lang="ru"><w/>
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<gloss><q>to pilfer</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5149e232" xml:id="mentioned_d5149e381" xml:lang="ru"><w/>
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<gloss><q>to take bribes</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Даль"/></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Акад._словарь"/></bibl>), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5149e251" xml:id="mentioned_d5149e393" xml:lang="isk"><lang/>
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<w>krpuk</w>
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<gloss><q>to gnaw</q></gloss></mentioned> (T. N. <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Pakhalina</hi>, p.c.).
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Apparently it is a rather old Indo-European word: cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5149e259" xml:id="mentioned_d5149e402" xml:lang="hit"><lang/>
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<w>karāp-</w>
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<gloss><q>to eat</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5149e267" xml:id="mentioned_d5149e410" xml:lang="hit"><w/>
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<gloss><q>to devour</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5149e273" xml:id="mentioned_d5149e416" xml:lang="hit"><w>karp-</w>
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<gloss><q>to collect</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5149e279" xml:id="mentioned_d5149e422" xml:lang="la"><lang/>
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<w>carpo</w>
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<gloss><q>I am tearing (to pieces)</q></gloss></mentioned> etc., maybe
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5149e238" xml:id="mentioned_d5149e430" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>čerpatʼ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5149e293" xml:id="mentioned_d5149e435" xml:lang="sl"><lang/>
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<w>črepati</w>
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<gloss><q>to sup, to drink greedily</q></gloss></mentioned>’ etc. — <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xælæf"/> is a variation of this word.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Arch._Or."/><biblScope>XXIV
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53</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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<note type="footnote" xml:lang="ru" n="1">Неубедительно разъяснение
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<hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Gershevitch</hi>’a (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Gershevitch"/><biblScope>А 621</biblScope></bibl>), согласно которому <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d5149e457" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>xrafstra-</w></mentioned>представляет диссимиляцию из <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*frafstra-</hi> ←
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">*fra-pt-tra-</hi>.</note>
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<note type="footnote" xml:lang="en" n="1">The explanation of <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Gershevitch</hi>
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(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Gershevitch"/><biblScope>А
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621</biblScope></bibl>) is unconvincing. He argues that <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d5149e469" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>xrafstra-</w></mentioned> is a dissimilation from <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*frafstra-</hi> ←
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">*fra-pt-tra-</hi>.</note>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI>
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