221 lines
18 KiB
XML
221 lines
18 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">qast_2</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_qast_2" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="incomplete" n="2">
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<form xml:id="form_d2622e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>qast</orth></form>
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<form xml:id="form_d2622e69" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>ǧast</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d2622e72"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>жалоба</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>complaint</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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<re xml:id="re_d2622e82">
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<form xml:id="form_d2622e84" type="lemma"><orth>qast kænyn</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d2622e87"><sense xml:id="sense_d2622e88"><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">жаловаться</q>
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</tr><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">complain</q>
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</tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d2622e99"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>сетовать</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>lament</q>
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</abv:tr></sense></sense>
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</re>
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<re xml:id="re_d2622e110">
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<form xml:id="form_d2622e112" type="lemma"><orth>qast xæssyn</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d2622e115"><note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">id.</note><note xml:lang="en" type="comment">id.</note></sense>
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</re>
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<re xml:id="re_d2622e123">
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<form xml:id="form_d2622e125" type="lemma"><orth>qasf næ ma rakænūt</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d2622e128"><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">не взыщите</q>
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</tr><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">do not complain</q>
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</tr></sense>
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</re>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:id="exampleGrp_d2622e141">
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<example xml:id="example_d2622e143">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">qast kodta, qyllist kodta</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">он жаловался, он визжал</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he complained, he screamed</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">from a children’s joke about a cat</bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:id="example_d2622e164">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Babale myn īw bon k˳yrojy qæstytæ kodta, mæ
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fyd, dam mæ ævzær rasyggænag Qazijæn dæddy</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Бабале мне однажды жаловалась на мельнице, мой
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отец, говорит, отдает меня за дурного пьяницу Кази"</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Babale once complained to me at the mill, my
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father, he says, marries me to a bad drunkard Kazi</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
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<biblScope>82</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:id="example_d2622e187">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ældary fyrt kæwgæ sæ xæʒarmæ bacyd æmæ jæ
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fydæn raqast kodta</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">сын алдара плача пришел к себе домой и
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пожаловался отцу</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the ældar’s son came crying to his house and
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complained to his father</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
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<biblScope>83</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:id="example_d2622e210">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">kædæm cæwys mæg˳yr læg? — X˳ycawmæ qæstmæ
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cæwyn</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">куда идешь, бедный человек? — иду с жалобой к
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Богу</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">where are you going, poor man? — I’m going to
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God with a complaint</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Munk."/>
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<biblScope>100</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:id="example_d2622e233">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">tærxondonmæ dyl qast bacyd</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">на тебя поступила жалоба в суд</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a complaint has been filed against you in
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court</q>
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</tr>
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</example>
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<example xml:id="example_d2622e252" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Slanbeg raǧast kænʒænæj Dugejæn</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Сланбег пожалуется Дуге</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Slanbeg will complain to
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<?oxy_comment_start author="julie" timestamp="20220516T185153+0300" comment="не уверена"?>Duga<?oxy_comment_end ?></q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Bes._Ka_ke"/>
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<biblScope>16</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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</exampleGrp>
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<re xml:id="re_d2622e282">
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<form xml:id="form_d2622e284" type="lemma"><orth>qæstag</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d2622e287"><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">предмет жалобы</q>
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</tr><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">subject of the complaint</q>
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</tr></sense>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:id="exampleGrp_d2622e299">
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<example xml:id="example_d2622e301">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">næ qaztæ sæ masty fækodtoj qæstag</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">наши гуси сделали свою обиду предметом
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жалобы</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">our geese have made their offense the subject
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of a complaint</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
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<biblScope>88</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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</exampleGrp>
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</re>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Вероятно, из <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2622e511" xml:id="mentioned_d2622e328" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">ǧarzt</w></mentioned> (как <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fast"/> из <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2622e517" xml:id="mentioned_d2622e334" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">farst</w></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tas_1"/> из
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<?oxy_comment_start author="julie" timestamp="20220331T211703+0300" comment="у Абаева здесь нет *, но в статье под словом tas у tars есть звездочка"?><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2622e524" xml:id="mentioned_d2622e341" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">tars</w></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_baz">baz</ref> из <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2622e532" xml:id="mentioned_d2622e350" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">barziš</w></mentioned> и т. п.); лексикализованное прош. причастие от <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qærzyn"><w>ǧærz-</w>
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<q>стонать</q></ref>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2622e541" xml:id="mentioned_d2622e359" xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">garz-</w>
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<gloss><q>жаловаться</q></gloss></mentioned>. Живая форма прош. причастия от <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qærzyn"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">qærzyn</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">ǧærzyn</w></ref> имеет слабый гласный (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_qærzyn"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">qærzt</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">ǧærzt</w></ref>). Однако по аналогии с такими глаголами, как <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xæssyn"><w>xæssyn</w> : <w>xast</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tærsyn"><w>tærsyn</w> : <w>tarst</w></ref> и др. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_РОсл."/>
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<biblScope>570</biblScope></bibl>), есть все основания предполагать в прошлом форму
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<w>ǧarzt</w> → <w>ǧast</w>; ср. лексикализованные и семантически обособившиеся <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zond"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_amond"/> (с сильным
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гласным) рядом с живыми причастиями <w>zynd</w>, <w>amynd</w> (со слабым гласным). — <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Benveniste</hi> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Benveniste._Etudes">Etudes</ref>
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<biblScope>122—124</biblScope></bibl>) сближает <oRef/> с <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2622e603" xml:id="mentioned_d2622e421" xml:lang="peo"><lang/>
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<w>gasta-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2622e608" xml:id="mentioned_d2622e426" xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
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<w>gast</w>
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<gloss><q>скверна</q></gloss></mentioned>. Семантическая натянутость такого сближения
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очевидна. Производство от <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2622e616" xml:id="mentioned_d2622e434" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
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<w>garz-</w>
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<gloss><q>жаловаться</q></gloss></mentioned> не встречает, как мы видим, никаких ни
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семантических, ни формальных препятствий, вопреки <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Benveniste</hi>’у. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2622e627" xml:id="mentioned_d2622e445" xml:lang="peo"><lang/>
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<w>gasta-</w>
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<gloss><q>скверна</q></gloss></mentioned> имеет соответствие в <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qæstæ_1" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
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<w>qæstæ</w> id.</ref>; см. также
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<?oxy_comment_start author="julie" timestamp="20220331T213537+0300" comment="что за язык?"?><w>iγændun</w><?oxy_comment_end ?>
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(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ИЭС_I"/>
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<biblScope>542</biblScope></bibl>). В <oRef/>
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<q>жалоба</q> сохранилось значение <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2622e655" xml:id="mentioned_d2622e473" xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">garz-</w>
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<gloss><q>жаловаться</q></gloss></mentioned>, в отличие от современного <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qærzyn" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
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<w>qærzyn</w>
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<q>стонать</q></ref>. — См. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qærzyn" xml:lang="os"/>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">Вс. <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Миллер</hi>. ОЭ </ref>
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<biblScope>II 72, 93</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr.">Gr.</ref>
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<biblScope> 38</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">Probably, from <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2622e328" xml:id="mentioned_d2622e511" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">ǧarzt</w></mentioned> (like <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fast"/> is from <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2622e334" xml:id="mentioned_d2622e517" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">farst</w></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tas_1"/> is from
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<?oxy_comment_start author="julie" timestamp="20220331T211703+0300" comment="у Абаева здесь нет *, но в статье под словом tas у tars есть звездочка"?><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2622e341" xml:id="mentioned_d2622e524" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">tars</w></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_baz"/> is from <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2622e350" xml:id="mentioned_d2622e532" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">barziš</w></mentioned> etc.); a lexicalized past participle form of the verb <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qærzyn"><w>ǧærz-</w>
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<q>moan</q></ref>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2622e359" xml:id="mentioned_d2622e541" xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">garz-</w>
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<gloss><q>complain</q></gloss></mentioned>. A new form of the past participle of the
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verb <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qærzyn"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">qærzyn</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">ǧærzyn</w></ref> has a weak vowel (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_qærzyn"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">qærzt</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">ǧærzt</w></ref>). However, by analogy with verbs such as <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xæssyn"><w>xæssyn</w> : <w>xast</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tærsyn"><w>tærsyn</w> : <w>tarst</w></ref> and others (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_РОсл."/>
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<biblScope>570</biblScope></bibl>), there is every reason to assume in the past the form
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<w>ǧarzt</w> → <w>ǧast</w>; cf. lexicalized and semantically isolated <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zond"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_amond"/> (with strong vowel) and
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new participles <w>zynd</w>, <w>amynd</w> (with weak vowels). — <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Benveniste</hi> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Benveniste._Etudes">Etudes</ref>
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<biblScope>122—124</biblScope></bibl>) brings <oRef/> closer to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2622e421" xml:id="mentioned_d2622e603" xml:lang="peo"><lang/>
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<w>gasta-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2622e426" xml:id="mentioned_d2622e608" xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
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<w>gast</w>
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<gloss><q>filth</q></gloss></mentioned>. The semantic tension of such a rapprochement is
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obvious. Derivation from <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2622e434" xml:id="mentioned_d2622e616" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
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<w>garz-</w>
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<gloss><q>complaim</q></gloss></mentioned> as we can see, does not meet any semantic or
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formal obstacles, despite <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Benveniste</hi> assumption.
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2622e445" xml:id="mentioned_d2622e627" xml:lang="peo"><lang/>
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<w>gasta-</w>
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<gloss><q>filth</q></gloss></mentioned> corresponds <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qæstæ_1" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
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<w>qæstæ</w> id.</ref>; see also
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<?oxy_comment_start author="julie" timestamp="20220331T213537+0300" comment="что за язык?"?><w>iγændun</w><?oxy_comment_end ?>
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(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ИЭС_I"/>
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<biblScope>542</biblScope></bibl>). In <oRef/>
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<q>complain</q> a meaning of <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2622e473" xml:id="mentioned_d2622e655" xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">garz-</w>
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<gloss><q>complain</q></gloss></mentioned> is preserved, unlike the modern <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qærzyn" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
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<w>qærzyn</w>
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<q>moan</q></ref>. — See <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qærzyn" xml:lang="os"/>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/>
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<biblScope>II 72, 93</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr.">Gr.</ref>
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<biblScope>38</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI>
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