169 lines
14 KiB
XML
169 lines
14 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">rox_1</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_rox_1" n="1" xml:lang="os-x-iron" abv:completeness="english-questions">
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<form xml:id="form_d3674e66" type="lemma"><orth>rox</orth></form>
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d3674e72"><sense xml:id="sense_d3674e73"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>поводья</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>reins</q>
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</abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d3674e82"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>узда</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>bridle</q>
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</abv:tr></sense></sense>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:id="exampleGrp_d3674e92">
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<example xml:id="example_d3674e94">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">bæxæn jæ <oRef>roxyl</oRef> axæc</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">потяни лошадь за повод</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">pull the horse by the reins</q>
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</tr>
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</example>
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<example xml:id="example_d3674e114">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">nyxasy badæg zærond lægtæ systadysty æmæ bæxy
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<oRef>roxyl</oRef> ærxæcydysty</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">сидевшие на <ref type="xr" target="#entry_nyxas"><foreign>нихасе</foreign></ref> старики поднялись и взяли коня под уздцы</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the old men sitting on the <ref type="xr" target="#entry_nyxas"><w>nyxas</w></ref> got up and took the horse by the bridle</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ИАА"/>
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<biblScope>III 103</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:id="example_d3674e145">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">raxyztī jæm qæwwyngmæ æmæ jyn jæ bæxy
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<oRef>roxyl</oRef> nyxxæcyd</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">он вышел к нему на улицу и взял его коня под
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уздцы</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he went out to him on the street and took his
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horse by the bridle</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭп."/>
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<biblScope>33</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:id="example_d3674e170">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">jæ bæxy <oRef>roxmæ</oRef> avnældta</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">он подобрал поводья своего коня</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he picked up the reins of his horse</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭп."/>
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<biblScope>34</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:id="example_d3674e195">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Færniajy fyrt k˳yddær ænax˳yr æxsītt fækodta,
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jæ bæxy ærcæftæ kodta æmæ jyn jæ <oRef>roxtæ</oRef> yswaǧta</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Фарниев сын как-то необычно свистнул, хлестнул
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своего коня и отпустил ему поводья</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Farni’s son whistled in an unusual way, whipped
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his horse and let go of its reins.</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/>
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<biblScope>154</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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</exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Гласный <c>o</c> в иронском диалекте восходит, как правило, к <c>a</c>
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перед носовыми: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ron"><w>ron</w>
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<gloss><q>пояс</q></gloss></ref> из <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3674e418" xml:id="mentioned_d3674e233" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">rāna-</w></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_don_1"><w>don</w>
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<gloss><q>вода</q></gloss></ref> из <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3674e429" xml:id="mentioned_d3674e244" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">dānu-</w></mentioned> и мн. др. Иногда носовой в иронском выпадает, но сохраняется в
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дигорском: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_rox_2">²<w xml:lang="os-x-iron">rox</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">ironx</w>
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<gloss><q>забытый</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xox"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">xox</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">xonx</w>
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<gloss><q>гора</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fos"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">fos</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">fons</w>
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<gloss><q>скот</q></gloss></ref>. Это дает нам право восстанавливать ¹<oRef>rox</oRef> в <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3674e463" xml:id="mentioned_d3674e278" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">ronx</w></mentioned> и далее в <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3674e468" xml:id="mentioned_d3674e283" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">ranx</w></mentioned> ← <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3674e472" xml:id="mentioned_d3674e287" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">ranka-</w></mentioned>. Мы приходим, стало быть, к славо-балтийскому названию
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<q>руки</q>: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3674e478" xml:id="mentioned_d3674e293" xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
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<w>ra̧ka</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3674e483" xml:id="mentioned_d3674e298" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>рука</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3674e488" xml:id="mentioned_d3674e303" xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
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<w>rankà</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3674e494" xml:id="mentioned_d3674e309" xml:lang="lv"><lang/>
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<w>rùoka</w></mentioned>. Связующим является понятие <q>держания</q>: <q>рука</q> —
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<q>чем держат</q>, <q>повод</q> — <q>за что держат</q>. Ср. с семантической стороны
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3674e510" xml:id="mentioned_d3674e325" xml:lang="krc-x-balkar" extralang="krc-x-karachay"><lang/>
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<w>bilek</w>
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<gloss><q>рука</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3674e518" xml:id="mentioned_d3674e333" xml:lang="krc-x-balkar" extralang="krc-x-karachay"><w>bileklik</w>
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<gloss><q>повод</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><title>Русско-карач.-балк. сл.</title>
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<pubPlace>М.</pubPlace>, <date>1965</date>, <biblScope>стр. 554,
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426</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. — Из аланского идет
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<mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d3674e351"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3674e537" xml:id="mentioned_d3674e352" xml:lang="inh"><lang/>
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<w>urx</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3674e542" xml:id="mentioned_d3674e357" xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
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<w>urx</w>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(мн. ч. <w>arxaš</w>)</note></mentioned>
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<gloss><q>вожжа</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>повод</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Мациев"/>
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<biblScope>433</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Метатеза в этих языках
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(<w>rox</w> → <w>urx</w>) закономерна: они неохотно начинают слово с <c>r-</c>; ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ræs" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
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<w>ræs</w>
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<gloss><q>напильник</q></gloss></ref> — <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3674e581" xml:id="mentioned_d3674e396" xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
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<w>urs</w>
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<gloss><q>нож</q></gloss></mentioned> и др.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">The vowel <c>o</c> in Iron usually traces back to <c>a</c> before
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nasals: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ron"><w>ron</w>
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<gloss><q>belt</q></gloss></ref> from <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3674e233" xml:id="mentioned_d3674e418" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">rāna-</w></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_don_1"><w>don</w>
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<gloss><q>water</q></gloss></ref> from <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3674e244" xml:id="mentioned_d3674e429" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">dānu-</w></mentioned> and many others. Sometimes the nasal drops out in Iron, but is
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retained in Digor: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_rox_2">²<w xml:lang="os-x-iron">rox</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">ironx</w>
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<gloss><q>forgotten</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xox"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">xox</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">xonx</w>
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<gloss><q>mountain</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fos"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">fos</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">fons</w>
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<gloss><q>livestock</q></gloss></ref>. This gives us the right to trace ¹<oRef>rox</oRef> to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3674e278" xml:id="mentioned_d3674e463" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">ronx</w></mentioned> and later to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3674e283" xml:id="mentioned_d3674e468" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">ranx</w></mentioned> ← <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3674e287" xml:id="mentioned_d3674e472" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">ranka-</w></mentioned>. Therefore, we come to the Slavo-Baltic name of the <q>arm</q>:
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3674e293" xml:id="mentioned_d3674e478" xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
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<w>ra̧ka</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3674e298" xml:id="mentioned_d3674e483" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>ruka</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3674e303" xml:id="mentioned_d3674e488" xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
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<w>rankà</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3674e309" xml:id="mentioned_d3674e494" xml:lang="lv"><lang/>
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<w>rùoka</w></mentioned>. The connecting concept is the concept of <q>holding</q>:
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<q>arm</q> — <q>with what they hold</q>, <q>rein</q> — <q>what they hold</q>. As for the
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semantic point of view, cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3674e325" xml:id="mentioned_d3674e510" xml:lang="krc-x-balkar" extralang="krc-x-karachay"><lang/>
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<w>bilek</w>
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<gloss><q>arm</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3674e333" xml:id="mentioned_d3674e518" xml:lang="krc-x-balkar" extralang="krc-x-karachay"><w>bileklik</w>
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<gloss><q>rein</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><title>Russko-karačaevo-balkarskij slovarʼ</title> [Russian-Karachay-Balkar Dictionary]
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<pubPlace>Moscow</pubPlace>, <date>1965</date>, <biblScope>p. 554,
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426</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. — <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d3674e536"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3674e352" xml:id="mentioned_d3674e537" xml:lang="inh"><lang/>
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<w>urx</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3674e357" xml:id="mentioned_d3674e542" xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
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<w>urx</w>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(plural <w>arxaš</w>)</note></mentioned>
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<gloss><q>rein</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>reins</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Мациев"/>
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<biblScope>433</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned> come from Alan. Metathesis in
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these languages (<w>rox</w> → <w>urx</w>) is natural: they are reluctant to start a word
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with <c>r-</c>; cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ræs" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
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<w>ræs</w>
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<gloss><q>file</q></gloss></ref> — <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3674e396" xml:id="mentioned_d3674e581" xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
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<w>urs</w>
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<gloss><q>knife</q></gloss></mentioned> etc.</etym>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI>
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