244 lines
17 KiB
XML
244 lines
17 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">særak</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_særak" xml:lang="os-x-iron" abv:completeness="incomplete">
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<form xml:id="form_d670e66" type="lemma"><orth>særak</orth></form>
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d670e69">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>тонкая мягкая кожа, выделываемая из козьих, реже овечьих и телячьих шкур</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>thin soft leather made from goat, less often from sheep and calf skins</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; <ref type="xr" target="#entry_salæ"/> id. Широко
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применялась в прошлом для изготовления легкой обуви (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_ʒabyr"/>), кожаных носков (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_mes"/>), ноговиц (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_zængoj"/>), а также для обивки седел (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_sarǧ"/>)</note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; <ref type="xr" target="#entry_salæ"/> id. It was widely
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used in the past for making light shoes (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_ʒabyr"/>), leather
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socks (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_mes"/>), gaiters (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_zængoj"/>), and also for upholstering saddles (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_sarǧ"/>)</note>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef/> ʒabyr sylty daræs ū; mænæn mæ ærkʼī —
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mæ daræs</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">сафьянные чувяки — женская обувь; моя обувь —
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(это) мои <emph>арчи</emph></q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">morocco slippers are woman shoes; my shoes are
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my <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ærḱʼī"><emph>archi</emph></ref></q>
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</tr>
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<note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="ru" type="footnote">
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<emph>арчи</emph> — рабочая обувь горцев из грубой кожи.</note>
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<note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" type="footnote">
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the <emph>archi</emph> are work shoes of mountaineers made from rough leather.</note>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Брит."/>
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<biblScope>16</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">fælmæn <oRef>særak</oRef> syrx
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zængæjttæ</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">красные ноговицы из мягкого сафьяна</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">red gaiters from soft morocco</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Хар._Кадӕг"/>
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<biblScope>9</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">wyngæg <oRef/> ʒabyr...</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">тесный сафьянный чувяк...</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a tight morocco slipper...</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/>
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<biblScope>172</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef/> ma ferox kæn</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">не забудь (купить в городе) сафьян</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">don't forget (to buy in the town) morocco</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Arsen"/>
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<biblScope>55</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">qædabæǧ˳yz fælmæn kærdægyl kæny <oRef/> ʒabyr
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syrsyr</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">на бархатной мягкой траве скользит с шуршаньем
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сафьянный чувяк</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a morocco slipper slides with rustling on
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velvet soft grass</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
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<biblScope>1958 III 19</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">læppūty qalgænæn <oRef>særak</oRef>
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zængæittæ</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">сафьянные ноговицы — предмет щегольства молодых
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людей</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">morocco gaiters are the object of young men's
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panache</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_F."/>
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<biblScope>1962 VII 66</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">zængæjttæ kodtoj fæsmynæj kænæ
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<oRef>særakæj</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ноговицы делали из (домашнего) сукна или
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сафьяна</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">[they] made gaiters from (homemade) cloth or
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morocco</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_F."/>
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<biblScope>67</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">cæmæj sarǧy kʼ˳ydyr ræsuǧddær æmæ fīdardær
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wa, ūj tyxxæj jyl æddejæ banyxasync <oRef>særakæj</oRef> cʼar</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">чтобы седельный арчак был красивее и прочнее,
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на него наклеивают оболочку из сафьяна</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">so that a saddle frame would be nicer and
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stronger, they stick a shell from morocco on it</q>
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</tr>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">sarǧy baz aræzt væjjy <oRef>særakæj</oRef>,
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jæ x˳ylfy fyldær saǵy q˳yn</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">седельная подушка делается из сафьяна, внутри
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ее обычно — оленья шерсть</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a saddle cushion is made from morocco, inside
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of it there is usually deer wool</q>
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</tr>
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</example>
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</exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Предметы материальной культуры назызаются нередко по тому месту, откуда
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они получаются; ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_mæsk0y"/>
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<gloss><q>сорт кожи</q></gloss> = <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>Mæsk˳y</w>
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<gloss><q>Москва</q></gloss></mentioned>, д. <mentioned xml:lang="os-x-digor"><w>daxran
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(salæ)</w>
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<gloss><q>сорт сафьяна</q></gloss></mentioned> = <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>Tahrān</w>
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<gloss><q>Тегеран</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fr"><lang/>
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<w>maroquin</w>
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<gloss><q>сафьян</q></gloss> от <w>Maroc</w>
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<gloss><q>Марокко</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
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<w>cuprum</w>
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<gloss><q>медь</q></gloss></mentioned> от <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
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<w>Kύπρος</w>
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<gloss><q>Кипр</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
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<w>mědь</w></mentioned> от <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
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<w>Mῆδοι</w>, <w>Mιδία</w>
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<gloss><q>Мидия</q></gloss></mentioned> и т. п. Главным поставщиком сафьяна на
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кавказские рынки была с давних пор Персия (ср. выше <mentioned xml:lang="os-x-digor"><w>daxran</w></mentioned> = <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><w>Tahrān</w>
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<gloss><q>Тегеран</q></gloss></mentioned>). Возможно, что и в ос. <oRef/> скрывается
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персидский топоним <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><w>Särāx</w></mentioned>, название области в
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Хорасане, славившейся овечьими шкурами. Соблазнительно и сближение с другим топонимом —
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<mentioned xml:lang="ka"><w>Širak</w></mentioned> — название степи в Кахетии (Восточная
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Грузия) между долинами рек Иоры и Алазани. Сюда на зимние пастбища пригоняли свои стада
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тушины, дагестанцы, азербайджанцы (<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Лисовский</author>.
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<title>Закавказье, I</title>. <pubPlace>Тифлис</pubPlace>, <date>1896</date>,
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<biblScope>p. 49—50</biblScope></bibl>). Название
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<oRef/> (→ <foreign>širak</foreign>) могло относиться к породе овец или коз, шкуры которых
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шли на выделку сафьяна (об изготовлении сафьяна в самом Шираке нет сведений). Мало
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вероятна связь осетинского слова с <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
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<w>šaγri</w>
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<gloss><q>шагрень</q></gloss></mentioned> (откуда окончание <m>-ak</m>?). Ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_salæ"/><note xml:lang="ru" type="footnote"><mentioned xml:lang="sog-x-mugh"><lang>Согд.</lang>
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<note type="comment">(из Муга)</note>
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<w>srʼkh</w></mentioned> издатели считают предположительно производным от <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><w>sr-</w>
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<gloss><q>голова</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Муг"/>
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<biblScope>III 51, 52, 53, 128</biblScope></bibl>). Однако в контексте речь идет об
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обуви, и значение <gloss><q>кожа</q></gloss> (сорт кожи) не исключается. В этом случае
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слово восходило бы по меньшей мере к среднеиранскому периоду. Пока не прояснится
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значение и этимология согдийского слова, трудно что-либо утверждать.</note>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">Items of material culture are often called in accordance with the place,
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where they are produced; cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_mæsk0y"/>
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<gloss><q>kind of leather</q></gloss> = <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>Mæsk˳y</w>
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<gloss><q>Moscow</q></gloss></mentioned>, Digor <mentioned xml:lang="os-x-digor"><w>daxran (salæ)</w>
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<gloss><q>kind of morocco</q></gloss></mentioned> = <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>Tahrān</w>
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<gloss><q>Tehran</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fr"><lang/>
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<w>maroquin</w>
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<gloss><q>morocco</q></gloss> from <w>Maroc</w>
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<gloss><q>Morocco</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
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<w>cuprum</w>
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<gloss><q>copper</q></gloss></mentioned> from <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
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<w>Kύπρος</w>
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<gloss><q>Cyprus</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
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<w>mědь</w></mentioned> from <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
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<w>Mῆδοι</w>, <w>Mιδία</w>
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<gloss><q>Media</q></gloss></mentioned> etc. The main supplier of morocco on Caucasian
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markets since ancient times was Persia (cf. above <mentioned xml:lang="os-x-digor"><w>daxran</w></mentioned> = <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><w>Tahrān</w>
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<gloss><q>Tehran</q></gloss></mentioned>). It is possible that the Persian toponym
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<mentioned xml:lang="fa"><w>Särāx</w></mentioned>, the name of an area in Khorasan,
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which was famous for sheep skins, is hidden in Ossetic <oRef/>. The assosiation of this
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word with other toponym — <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><w>Širak</w></mentioned>, the name of
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the steppe in Kakheti (Eastern Georgia) between valleys of the rivers Iori and Alazani, is
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also tempting. Here Tushetians, Daghestanians, Azerbaijanians drove their herds to winter
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pastures (<bibl xml:lang="en"><author>Lisovskij</author>. <title>Zakavkaz'e</title> [Transcaucasia],
|
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I. <pubPlace>Tiflis</pubPlace>, <date>1896</date>,
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<biblScope>p. 49—50</biblScope></bibl>). The name <oRef/> (→ <foreign>širak</foreign>)
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could refer to the breed of sheep or goats, which skins were used for making morocco
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(there is no information about making morocco in <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><w>Širak</w></mentioned> itself). The connection of Ossetic word with <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
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<w>šaγri</w>
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<gloss><q>shagreen</q></gloss></mentioned> is unlikely (where does the ending <m>-ak</m>
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come from?). Cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_salæ"/><note type="footnote">The publishers
|
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consider <mentioned xml:lang="sog-x-mugh"><lang/>
|
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<w>srʼkh</w></mentioned> to be apparently derived from <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><w>sr-</w>
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<gloss><q>head</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Муг"/>
|
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<biblScope>III 51, 52, 53, 128</biblScope></bibl>). But in the context it concerns
|
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shoes, and the meaning <gloss><q>leather</q></gloss> (kind of leather) isn't excluded.
|
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In this case the word would trace back to, at least, to Middle Iranian period. Until the
|
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meaning and etymology of the Sogdian word are not clarified, it is difficult to say
|
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anything.</note>.</etym>
|
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI>
|