496 lines
31 KiB
XML
496 lines
31 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">syrd</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_syrd" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
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<form xml:id="form_d1659e66" type="lemma"><orth>syrd</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d1659e69">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>зверь</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>beast</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>дичь</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>game</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; слово применимо ко всякому крупному недомашнему
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животному, которое может быть предметом охоты</note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; the word applies to any large non-domestic animal that
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can be hunted</note>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>syrdmar</orth></form>
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<form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>sirdmar</orth></form>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">
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<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">зверобой</q></gloss></note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">
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<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">beast killer</q></gloss></note>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> = <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cwan_1"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">cwanon</w>
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<w xml:lang="os-x-digor">cowæjnon</w></ref></note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> = <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cwan_1"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">cwanon</w>
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<w xml:lang="os-x-digor">cowæjnon</w></ref></note>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>охотник</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>hunter</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense/>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>xīny syrd</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">заколдованный зверь, которого не берет стрела,
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пуля</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">an enchanted beast that is not taken by a
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bullet or by an arrow</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>syrdʒarm</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">звериная шкура</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">animal skin</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>syrdǵyn</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">обильный дичью</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">abundant in game</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>syrdon</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">звериный</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">beasty</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>syrdʒast</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">с диким, ошалелым взглядом</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">with a wild, stunned look</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>syrdvyd</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">звериномясый</q> = </note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment"><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">beast-meated</q> = </note>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">жилистый</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">wiry</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>мускулистый</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>brawny</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">īwgaj nyjjystæm, nywwaǧtam næ bæstæ, — fos
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dær ma aftæ nyppyrx kæny <oRef>syrd</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">мы разбрелись, мы покинули край наш, — скот
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разгоняет так зверь</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">we dispersed, we left our land — the beast
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disperses the cattle like that</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
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<biblScope>39</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">toppy gæraxæj qædy <oRef>syrd</oRef> k˳yd fe
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stʼælfy...</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">как от ружейного выстрела вздрагивает лесной
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зверь...</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">how a forest animal shudders from a rifle
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shot...</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
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<biblScope>140</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>syrdtæ</oRef> fælyǧdysty xæxtæm</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">звери убежали в горы</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the animals fled to the mountains</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
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<biblScope>225</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">læg <oRef>syrdæj</oRef> syrddær syrd ū...
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jæxīcæj mællægdær, ædyxdæry card xaly, jæ īs, jæ fælloj jyn tyxæj īsy</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">человек — больше зверь (<q>более зверский
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зверь</q>), чем (любой) зверь, он ломает жизнь того, кто слабее, беспомощнее его,
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отнимает у него силой имущество, достояние</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">man is more of a beast (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">more beasty beast</q>), than (any) beast, he breaks
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the life of someone who is weaker, more helpless than him, takes away his property,
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property by force</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
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<biblScope>28</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Sadullæ syrdxæssæn gærzæj jæ
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<oRef>syrd</oRef> (sykʼī) abasta, jeʼkkoj jæ skodta</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Садулла охотничьим ремнем перевязал свою дичину
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(серну), взвалил ее на спину</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Sadulla tied up his game (chamois) with a
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hunting belt, put it on his back</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
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<biblScope>78</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">rast k˳yddær arvyl yslenk kæna Bonværnon,
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marǧæj, <oRef>syrdæj</oRef> ta æmyzmæld yskænʒysty</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">как только на небе выплывет утренняя звезда,
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сразу птицы и звери придут в движение</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">as soon as the morning star emerges in the sky,
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birds and animals will immediately begin to move</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Niger"/>
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<biblScope>94</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">aly <oRef>syrdy</oRef> fæd dær
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baskary</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">он разведывает след каждого зверя</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he scouts the trail of every beast</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
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<biblScope>1961 II 9</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">jæ zærdæ bazydta, am cydær xīny
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<oRef>syrdy</oRef> q˳yddag īs, ændæra fæd-fædyl ærtæ æxstmæ jæxī mīlæn k˳yd
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æværy</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">он почуял сердцем, что имеет дело с
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заколдованным зверем, иначе как он мог подставить себя мишенью на три выстрела
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подряд</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he felt in his heart that he was dealing with
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an enchanted beast, otherwise how could he expose himself as a target for three
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shots in a row</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
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<biblScope>III 50</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Xsart... saræzta <oRef>syrdʒærttæj</oRef>
|
|||
|
|
xalaǧūd</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Хсарт сделал шалаш из звериных шкур</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Khsart made a hut from animal skins</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭп."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>15</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
|
|||
|
|
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">arv æmæ zænxæ kæræʒej xwastoncæ;
|
|||
|
|
<oRef>sirdtæ</oRef>, mærǧtæ sæxe arf bafsnajdtoncæ</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(разразилась гроза) небо и земля колотились
|
|||
|
|
друг об друга; звери, птицы попрятались поглубже</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(a thunderstorm broke out) sky and earth
|
|||
|
|
pounded against each other; animals, birds hid deeper</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>1940 III 58</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
|
|||
|
|
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">æxsævæj bonmæ alt <oRef>sirdi</oRef> muggagæj
|
|||
|
|
æfsæn galawon avd iʒagi e ku bakænuj: ...sædsugænttæj... ʒæmbugintæj — ænsurgintæj...
|
|||
|
|
listægzængitæj</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ночи до утра он семь (раз) заполняет железную
|
|||
|
|
ограду всякой дичью: сторогими (= оленями), большелапыми (= медведями), клыкастыми
|
|||
|
|
(= кабанами), тонконогими (= косулями)</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">from night till morning, he fills the iron
|
|||
|
|
fence seven (times) with all kinds of game: the hundred-horned (= deer), the
|
|||
|
|
big-footed (= bears), the fanged (= wild boars), the thin-legged (= roe deer)</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_DZ"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>142</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
|
|||
|
|
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ǧædi <oRef>sird</oRef> k’ adtæj onæj ke næ
|
|||
|
|
ramardta, wæxæn næbal niwwaǧta</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">из лесных зверей не оставил такого, кого бы он
|
|||
|
|
не убил</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">of the forest animals, he did not leave even
|
|||
|
|
one whom he would not kill</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>22<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">3—4</hi></biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">xæʒaræ <oRef>sirdi</oRef> fidæj bajʒag kodta
|
|||
|
|
æ madæ ma æ fidæn</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">он наполнил дом дичиной для своей матери и
|
|||
|
|
отца</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he filled the house with game for his mother
|
|||
|
|
and father</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>22<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">11—12</hi></biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
|
|||
|
|
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">duwwadæs uxsti sirdonvidæj rajʒag
|
|||
|
|
kodta</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">двенадцать вертелов он наполнил мясом дичи</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he filled twelve skewers with game meat</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>II 70</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
|
|||
|
|
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">dæ fonsmæ cuma <oRef>sird</oRef> læboræg
|
|||
|
|
es</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">как будто на твое стадо нападает зверь</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">as if your herd is being attacked by a
|
|||
|
|
beast</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>82</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
|
|||
|
|
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">æ fur tæssæj ænæzmælgæ <oRef>sird</oRef>
|
|||
|
|
nincʼuldæj xunkʼi arf</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">в страхе, недвижимый съежился глубоко в норе
|
|||
|
|
зверь</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">in fear, the beast cowered immovable deep in
|
|||
|
|
the hole</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>58</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
|
|||
|
|
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ew særdæ eci xonxi cori rafecawæn kodta ew
|
|||
|
|
<oRef>sirdmar</oRef></quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">одно лето возле той горы проходил один
|
|||
|
|
охотник</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">one summer a hunter passed near that
|
|||
|
|
mountain</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭ"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>I 94</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">cwanon cy xox næ baskara, ūj
|
|||
|
|
<oRef>syrdǵyn</oRef> ænqæly</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">охотник думает, что гора, которую он (еще) не
|
|||
|
|
разведал, обильна дичью</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the hunter thinks that the mountain, which he
|
|||
|
|
(yet) has not explored, is plentiful with game</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><biblScope xml:lang="ru">пословица</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">proverb</biblScope>; <ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>III 199</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
</exampleGrp>
|
|||
|
|
<etym xml:lang="ru">Группа <c>rd</c> восходит в осетинском нередко к <c>dr</c>: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wyrd_1"><w>wyrd</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>выдра</q></gloss>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="comment">из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">udra-</w></mentioned></note></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7rdyn"><w>rdyn</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>лук</q></gloss>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="comment">из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">druna-</w></mentioned></note></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7rdū"><w>rdu</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>волос</q></gloss><note type="comment"> из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">drau-</w></mentioned></note></ref> и др. Стало быть, <oRef>sird</oRef>
|
|||
|
|
можно возводить к <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">sidra-</w></mentioned> и
|
|||
|
|
сближать с <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>siždra-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>дикий</q></gloss></mentioned> с неизбежным в данном сочетании выпадением
|
|||
|
|
<c>-ž-</c>. Слово <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><w>siždra-</w> в авестийском тексте <note type="bibl">(<bibl><title>Yt</title>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>VIII 36</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned> употребляется рядом с
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="ae"><w>auruna-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>дикий</q></gloss></mentioned> (см. ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ærnæg"/>)
|
|||
|
|
как близкое к нему по значению, если не синоним: <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><phr>aurunača
|
|||
|
|
nača gairišāčō siždrača ravasčarātō</phr>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">звери, живущие в горах, и дикие животные,
|
|||
|
|
которые рыщут на равнине</q></gloss></mentioned>. В другом тексте
|
|||
|
|
(<bibl><title>Vd.</title>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>XIII 2</biblScope></bibl>) находим сочетание <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><w>span-siždra-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">дикая собака</q></gloss></mentioned>. Таким
|
|||
|
|
образом, и с фонетической и с семантической стороны сопоставление ос. <oRef>syrd</oRef> |
|
|||
|
|
<oRef>sird</oRef> — <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>siždra-</w></mentioned> безупречно. Сюда же, может быть, <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>šarza</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>лютый</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>свирепый</q></gloss>,
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>разъяренный</q></gloss></mentioned>: <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">siždraka-</w> (или <w type="rec">syazdraka-</w>)</mentioned> → <w type="rec">šazdrag</w> → <w type="rec">šazra</w> → <w type="rec">šarza</w>. Еще один вариант этого
|
|||
|
|
слова, на этот раз с выпадением <c>-r-</c>, дает <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>śśaysda-</w></mentioned>, <note type="comment">(</note><mentioned xml:lang="xtq"><lang>тумшук</lang>) <gloss><q>śazda-</q></gloss>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>змея</q></gloss></mentioned>. Группа <c>-zdr-</c> оказалась повсюду
|
|||
|
|
неустойчивой: в осетинском из нее выпал <c>z</c>, в персидском — <c>d</c>, а в сакском —
|
|||
|
|
<c>r</c>. Если допустить в арийском колебание <c>ś-</c> || <c>s-</c>, то эти иранские
|
|||
|
|
слова сопоставимы с <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>syandate</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>бежать</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>быстро двигаться</q></gloss></mentioned>. <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Bailey</hi> склонен видеть в <oRef>syrd</oRef> |
|
|||
|
|
<oRef>sird</oRef> прош. причастие от <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sūryn"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">sūryn</w>
|
|||
|
|
<w xml:lang="os-x-digor">sorun</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>гнать</q></gloss></ref>. В дигорском в этом случае ожидали бы <w>surd</w>.
|
|||
|
|
Перебой <c>u</c> → <c>i</c> здесь трудно объясним, если учесть, что глагол <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sūryn"><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">sorun</w>: <w>surd</w></ref> находится в
|
|||
|
|
дигорском в постоянном живом употреблении. — Ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_Syrdon"/>.<lb/><bibl><author>Bailey</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSOAS"/><biblScope>1958 XXI 532</biblScope></bibl> (к <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sūryn"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">sūryn</w>
|
|||
|
|
</ref>). — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Benveniste._Etudes"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>42</biblScope></bibl> (к <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>siždra-</w></mentioned>).</etym>
|
|||
|
|
<etym xml:lang="en">The cluster <c>rd</c> in Ossetian often goes back to <c>dr</c>: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wyrd_1"><w>wyrd</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>otter</q></gloss>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="comment">from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">udra-</w></mentioned></note></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7rdyn"><w>rdyn</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>bow</q></gloss>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="comment">from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">druna-</w></mentioned></note></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7rdū"><w>rdu</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>hair</q></gloss><note type="comment"> from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">drau-</w></mentioned></note></ref> etc. Therefore, <oRef>sird</oRef>
|
|||
|
|
can be traced back to <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">sidra-</w></mentioned> and
|
|||
|
|
bring together with <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>siždra-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>wild</q></gloss></mentioned> with the inevitable loss of <c>-ž-</c> in this
|
|||
|
|
combination. The word <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><w>siždra-</w> in an Avestan text <note type="bibl">(<bibl><title>Yt</title>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>VIII 36</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned> is used next to <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><w>auruna-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>wild</q></gloss></mentioned> (see Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ærnæg"/>) as a semantically close item, if not a synonym: <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><phr>aurunača
|
|||
|
|
nača gairišāčō siždrača ravasčarātō</phr>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">the beasts that live in the mountains and the
|
|||
|
|
wild animals that roam the plains</q></gloss></mentioned>. In another text
|
|||
|
|
(<bibl><title>Vd.</title>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>XIII 2</biblScope></bibl>), we find a combination <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><w>span-siždra-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">wild dog</q></gloss></mentioned>. Thus, both
|
|||
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from the phonetic and the semantic point of view, the comparison of Ossetic
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<oRef>syrd</oRef> | <oRef>sird</oRef> — <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>siždra-</w></mentioned> is faultless. Possibly also related is <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>šarza</w>
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<gloss><q>fierce</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>ferocious</q></gloss>,
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<gloss><q>furious</q></gloss></mentioned>: <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">siždraka-</w> (or <w type="rec">syazdraka-</w>)</mentioned> → <w type="rec">šazdrag</w> → <w type="rec">šazra</w> → <w type="rec">šarza</w>. Another variant of
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this word, this time with the loss of <c>-r-</c>, is presented by <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
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<w>śśaysda-</w></mentioned>, <note type="comment">(</note><mentioned xml:lang="xtq"><lang/>) <gloss><q>śazda-</q></gloss>
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<gloss><q>snake</q></gloss></mentioned>. The cluster <c>-zdr-</c> turned out to be
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unstable everywhere: in Ossetian, it lost <c>z</c>, in Persian <c>d</c>, in Saka <c>r</c>.
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If one admits in Aryan the alternation <c>ś-</c> || <c>s-</c>, then these Iranian words
|
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are comparable to <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
|
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<w>syandate</w>
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<gloss><q>run</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>move fast</q></gloss></mentioned>. <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Bailey</hi> is inclined to regard <oRef>syrd</oRef> |
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<oRef>sird</oRef> as a past participle from <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sūryn"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">sūryn</w>
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<w xml:lang="os-x-digor">sorun</w>
|
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<gloss><q>drive away</q></gloss></ref>. In Digorsky, in this case, one would expect
|
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<w>surd</w>. The alternation <c>u</c> → <c>i</c> is difficult to explain here, given
|
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that the verb <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sūryn"><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">sorun</w>:
|
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<w>surd</w></ref> is common in Digor live language use. — Cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_Syrdon"/>.<lb/><bibl><author>Bailey</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSOAS"/><biblScope>1958 XXI 532</biblScope></bibl> (to <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sūryn"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">sūryn</w>
|
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</ref>). — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Benveniste._Etudes"/>
|
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<biblScope>42</biblScope></bibl> (to <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
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<w>siždra-</w></mentioned>).</etym>
|
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</entry>
|
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI>
|