243 lines
16 KiB
XML
243 lines
16 KiB
XML
|
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
|
|||
|
|
<teiHeader>
|
|||
|
|
<fileDesc>
|
|||
|
|
<titleStmt>
|
|||
|
|
<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">tælmac</hi></title>
|
|||
|
|
</titleStmt>
|
|||
|
|
<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
|
|||
|
|
Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
|
|||
|
|
<sourceDesc>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
|
|||
|
|
<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
|
|||
|
|
<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</sourceDesc>
|
|||
|
|
</fileDesc>
|
|||
|
|
<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
|
|||
|
|
<tagsDecl>
|
|||
|
|
<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
|
|||
|
|
<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
|
|||
|
|
<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
|
|||
|
|
<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
|
|||
|
|
</tagsDecl>
|
|||
|
|
</encodingDesc>
|
|||
|
|
</teiHeader>
|
|||
|
|
<text>
|
|||
|
|
<body>
|
|||
|
|
<entry xml:id="entry_tælmac" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="incomplete">
|
|||
|
|
<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230207T145415+0300" comment="Russian checked"?>
|
|||
|
|
<form xml:id="form_d3361e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>tælmac</orth></form><?oxy_comment_end ?>
|
|||
|
|
<form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>tælmaci</orth></form>
|
|||
|
|
<sense>
|
|||
|
|
<sense xml:id="sense_d3361e69">
|
|||
|
|
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q>переводчик</q>
|
|||
|
|
</abv:tr>
|
|||
|
|
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q>translator</q>
|
|||
|
|
</abv:tr>
|
|||
|
|
</sense>
|
|||
|
|
<sense>
|
|||
|
|
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q>перевод (с одного языка на другой)</q>
|
|||
|
|
</abv:tr>
|
|||
|
|
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q>translation (from one language to another)</q>
|
|||
|
|
</abv:tr>
|
|||
|
|
</sense>
|
|||
|
|
</sense>
|
|||
|
|
<re>
|
|||
|
|
<form type="lemma"><orth>tælmac kænyn</orth></form>
|
|||
|
|
<sense>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">переводить</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">translate</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
</sense>
|
|||
|
|
</re>
|
|||
|
|
<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
|
|||
|
|
<example>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">xīcawy <oRef>tælmac</oRef> Piran, zæǧgæ,
|
|||
|
|
Axmæt ūmæj rajdydta jæ q˳yddag kænyn</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">переводчиком начальника (был некто)
|
|||
|
|
называвшийся Пиран, с него Ахмат начал устраивать свое дело</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the translator of the chief (was someone)
|
|||
|
|
called Piran, with him Akhmat began to arrange his business</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>60</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Elyzbar <oRef>tælmacæn</oRef> aftæ
|
|||
|
|
zæǧy…</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Елизбар так говорит переводчику…</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Yelizbar says to the translator…</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>60</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">kæd dyn zyn næ wyʒæn, wæd heūcy ḱīnyǵy
|
|||
|
|
cydæriddær īs, ūj ratælmac kæn</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">если тебе не будет трудно, то переведи все, что
|
|||
|
|
есть в этом письме</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">if you don't mind, translate everything in this
|
|||
|
|
letter</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Брит."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>98</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>tælmac</oRef> p’yrystyfæn cydærtæ
|
|||
|
|
aʒyrdta</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">переводчик что-то наговорил приставу</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the translator said something to the
|
|||
|
|
bailiff</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Нафи"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>84</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">næ dær se xsæn — <oRef>tælmac</oRef></quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ни осетины не умели (говорить) по-кабардински,
|
|||
|
|
ни кабардинцы — по-осетински; балкарец был между ними посредником — переводчиком</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">neither the Ossetians knew (how to speak)
|
|||
|
|
Kabardian, nor the Kabardins knew Ossetian; Balkarian was an intermediary between
|
|||
|
|
them and a translator</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ИАА"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>III 252</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
</exampleGrp>
|
|||
|
|
<etym xml:lang="ru">Из <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tilmäč</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>переводчик</q></gloss>, варианты: <w>tilmači</w>, <w>tilmäǯi</w>,
|
|||
|
|
<w>təlmac</w>, <w>tälmäš</w>, <w>tolmač</w>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>III 1091, 1205, 1334, 1390</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Räsänen._Versuch"/> <biblScope>487</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Из тюркского идет и
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tīlmačī</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>interpres linguae</q></gloss>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Vullers"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>I 493</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Doerfer"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>II 662—665</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. В кавказских языках:
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="lez"><lang xml:lang="lzz"/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>dilmaǯ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lbe"><lang xml:lang="lzz"/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>dilmač</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="dar"><lang xml:lang="lzz"/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tilmaǯ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="av"><lang xml:lang="lzz"/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tirmač</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ce"><lang xml:lang="lzz"/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>talmaž</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lez"><lang xml:lang="lzz"/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>talmač</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="uby"><lang xml:lang="lzz"/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>telmaš</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ady-x-abadz"><lang xml:lang="lzz"/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>telmaž</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kbd"><lang xml:lang="lzz"/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>təlmeš</w></mentioned>. Слово вошло и в некоторые европейские языки:
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned><mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tlъmačь</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>толмач</w></mentioned>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>переводчик</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="uk"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>товкмачити</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>переводить</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="pl"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tłumacs</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cs"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tlumač</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tolmács</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>Dolmetsch(er)</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ro"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tălmačĭŭ</w></mentioned>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>переводчик</q></gloss></mentioned>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Lokotsch"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>162—163</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Doerfer"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>II 663</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. О происхождении и истории
|
|||
|
|
слова пишет <bibl><author>Németh</author> (<title>Zur Geschichte des Wortes
|
|||
|
|
<w>tolmácz</w></title>. <publisher>Acta Orient. Acad. Scient.</publisher>
|
|||
|
|
<pubPlace>Hung.</pubPlace>
|
|||
|
|
<date>1958</date>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>VIII 1—8</biblScope>)</bibl> а также <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Doerfer"/> (<biblScope>III 664—665)</biblScope></bibl>, <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Clauson"/> (<biblScope>500</biblScope>)</bibl>. Огласовка
|
|||
|
|
<w>tol-</w>, <w>tal-</w> в ряде тюркских и не-тюркских форм препятствует безоговорочному
|
|||
|
|
производству от <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>til</w>, <w>dil</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>язык</q></gloss></mentioned>. Возможно, что на славянской почве имела место
|
|||
|
|
контаминация <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tilmač</w></mentioned> со <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tlъkъ</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>толк</q></gloss></mentioned> (откуда <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="non"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tulkr</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sv"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tolk</w></mentioned>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>переводчик</q></gloss></mentioned>); ср.: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Falk-Torp"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>II 1269, s.v. <w>tolk</w></biblScope></bibl>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_MSt."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>84</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
|
|||
|
|
<etym xml:lang="en">From <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tilmäč</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>translator</q></gloss>, variants: <w>tilmači</w>, <w>tilmäǯi</w>,
|
|||
|
|
<w>təlmac</w>, <w>tälmäš</w>, <w>tolmač</w>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>III 1091, 1205, 1334, 1390</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Räsänen._Versuch"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>487</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. From Turkic comes
|
|||
|
|
also<mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tīlmačī</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>interpres linguae</q></gloss>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Vullers"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>I 493</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Doerfer"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>II 662—665</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. In the Caucasian
|
|||
|
|
languages: <mentioned xml:lang="lez"><lang xml:lang="lzz"/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>dilmaǯ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lbe"><lang xml:lang="lzz"/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>dilmač</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="dar"><lang xml:lang="lzz"/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tilmaǯ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="av"><lang xml:lang="lzz"/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tirmač</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ce"><lang xml:lang="lzz"/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>talmaž</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lez"><lang xml:lang="lzz"/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>talmač</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="uby"><lang xml:lang="lzz"/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>telmaš</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ady-x-abadz"><lang xml:lang="lzz"/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>telmaž</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kbd"><lang xml:lang="lzz"/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>təlmeš</w></mentioned>. The word also found its way into some European languages:
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned><mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tlъmačь</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tolmač</w></mentioned>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>translator</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="uk"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tovkmačiti</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>to translate</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="pl"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tłumacs</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cs"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tlumač</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tolmács</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>Dolmetsch(er)</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ro"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tălmačĭŭ</w></mentioned>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>translator</q></gloss></mentioned>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Lokotsch"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>162—163</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Doerfer"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>II 663</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>.
|
|||
|
|
<bibl><author>Németh</author> writes about the origin and history of the word
|
|||
|
|
(<title>Zur Geschichte des Wortes <w>tolmácz</w></title>. <publisher>Acta Orient.
|
|||
|
|
Acad. Scient.</publisher>
|
|||
|
|
<pubPlace>Hung.</pubPlace>
|
|||
|
|
<date>1958</date>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>VIII 1—8</biblScope>)</bibl>, see also <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Doerfer"/> (<biblScope>III 664—665)</biblScope></bibl>, <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Clauson"/> (<biblScope>500</biblScope>)</bibl>. The voicing
|
|||
|
|
<w>tol-</w>, <w>tal-</w> in a variety of Turkic and non-Turkic forms prevents
|
|||
|
|
unequivocal derivation from <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>til</w>, <w>dil</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>language</q></gloss></mentioned>. It is possible that there was a
|
|||
|
|
contamination on Slavic base of <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tilmač</w></mentioned> with <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tlъkъ</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>sense</q></gloss></mentioned> (from which <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="non"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tulkr</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sv"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tolk</w></mentioned>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>translator</q></gloss></mentioned>); cf.: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Falk-Torp"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>II 1269, s.v. <w>tolk</w></biblScope></bibl>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_MSt."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>84</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
|
|||
|
|
</entry>
|
|||
|
|
</body>
|
|||
|
|
</text>
|
|||
|
|
</TEI>
|