243 lines
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16 KiB
XML
243 lines
No EOL
16 KiB
XML
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">tælmac</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_tælmac" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="incomplete">
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<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230207T145415+0300" comment="Russian checked"?>
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<form xml:id="form_d3361e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>tælmac</orth></form><?oxy_comment_end ?>
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<form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>tælmaci</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d3361e69">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>переводчик</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>translator</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>перевод (с одного языка на другой)</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>translation (from one language to another)</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>tælmac kænyn</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">переводить</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">translate</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">xīcawy <oRef>tælmac</oRef> Piran, zæǧgæ,
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Axmæt ūmæj rajdydta jæ q˳yddag kænyn</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">переводчиком начальника (был некто)
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называвшийся Пиран, с него Ахмат начал устраивать свое дело</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the translator of the chief (was someone)
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called Piran, with him Akhmat began to arrange his business</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
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<biblScope>60</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Elyzbar <oRef>tælmacæn</oRef> aftæ
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zæǧy…</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Елизбар так говорит переводчику…</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Yelizbar says to the translator…</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
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<biblScope>60</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">kæd dyn zyn næ wyʒæn, wæd heūcy ḱīnyǵy
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cydæriddær īs, ūj ratælmac kæn</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">если тебе не будет трудно, то переведи все, что
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есть в этом письме</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">if you don't mind, translate everything in this
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letter</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Брит."/>
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<biblScope>98</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>tælmac</oRef> p’yrystyfæn cydærtæ
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aʒyrdta</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">переводчик что-то наговорил приставу</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the translator said something to the
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bailiff</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Нафи"/>
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<biblScope>84</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">næ dær se xsæn — <oRef>tælmac</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ни осетины не умели (говорить) по-кабардински,
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ни кабардинцы — по-осетински; балкарец был между ними посредником — переводчиком</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">neither the Ossetians knew (how to speak)
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Kabardian, nor the Kabardins knew Ossetian; Balkarian was an intermediary between
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them and a translator</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ИАА"/>
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<biblScope>III 252</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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</exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Из <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
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<w>tilmäč</w>
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<gloss><q>переводчик</q></gloss>, варианты: <w>tilmači</w>, <w>tilmäǯi</w>,
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<w>təlmac</w>, <w>tälmäš</w>, <w>tolmač</w>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/>
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<biblScope>III 1091, 1205, 1334, 1390</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Räsänen._Versuch"/> <biblScope>487</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Из тюркского идет и
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<mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>tīlmačī</w>
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<gloss><q>interpres linguae</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Vullers"/>
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<biblScope>I 493</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Doerfer"/>
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<biblScope>II 662—665</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. В кавказских языках:
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<mentioned xml:lang="lez"><lang xml:lang="lzz"/>
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<w>dilmaǯ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lbe"><lang xml:lang="lzz"/>
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<w>dilmač</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="dar"><lang xml:lang="lzz"/>
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<w>tilmaǯ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="av"><lang xml:lang="lzz"/>
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<w>tirmač</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ce"><lang xml:lang="lzz"/>
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<w>talmaž</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lez"><lang xml:lang="lzz"/>
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<w>talmač</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="uby"><lang xml:lang="lzz"/>
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<w>telmaš</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ady-x-abadz"><lang xml:lang="lzz"/>
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<w>telmaž</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kbd"><lang xml:lang="lzz"/>
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<w>təlmeš</w></mentioned>. Слово вошло и в некоторые европейские языки:
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<mentioned><mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
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<w>tlъmačь</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>толмач</w></mentioned>
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<gloss><q>переводчик</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="uk"><lang/>
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<w>товкмачити</w>
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<gloss><q>переводить</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="pl"><lang/>
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<w>tłumacs</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cs"><lang/>
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<w>tlumač</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
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<w>tolmács</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
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<w>Dolmetsch(er)</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ro"><lang/>
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<w>tălmačĭŭ</w></mentioned>
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<gloss><q>переводчик</q></gloss></mentioned>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Lokotsch"/>
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<biblScope>162—163</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Doerfer"/>
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<biblScope>II 663</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. О происхождении и истории
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слова пишет <bibl><author>Németh</author> (<title>Zur Geschichte des Wortes
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<w>tolmácz</w></title>. <publisher>Acta Orient. Acad. Scient.</publisher>
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<pubPlace>Hung.</pubPlace>
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<date>1958</date>
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<biblScope>VIII 1—8</biblScope>)</bibl> а также <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Doerfer"/> (<biblScope>III 664—665)</biblScope></bibl>, <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Clauson"/> (<biblScope>500</biblScope>)</bibl>. Огласовка
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<w>tol-</w>, <w>tal-</w> в ряде тюркских и не-тюркских форм препятствует безоговорочному
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производству от <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
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<w>til</w>, <w>dil</w>
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<gloss><q>язык</q></gloss></mentioned>. Возможно, что на славянской почве имела место
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контаминация <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
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<w>tilmač</w></mentioned> со <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
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<w>tlъkъ</w>
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<gloss><q>толк</q></gloss></mentioned> (откуда <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="non"><lang/>
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<w>tulkr</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sv"><lang/>
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<w>tolk</w></mentioned>
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<gloss><q>переводчик</q></gloss></mentioned>); ср.: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Falk-Torp"/>
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<biblScope>II 1269, s.v. <w>tolk</w></biblScope></bibl>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_MSt."/>
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<biblScope>84</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">From <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
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<w>tilmäč</w>
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<gloss><q>translator</q></gloss>, variants: <w>tilmači</w>, <w>tilmäǯi</w>,
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<w>təlmac</w>, <w>tälmäš</w>, <w>tolmač</w>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/>
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<biblScope>III 1091, 1205, 1334, 1390</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Räsänen._Versuch"/>
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<biblScope>487</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. From Turkic comes
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also<mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>tīlmačī</w>
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<gloss><q>interpres linguae</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Vullers"/>
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<biblScope>I 493</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Doerfer"/>
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<biblScope>II 662—665</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. In the Caucasian
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languages: <mentioned xml:lang="lez"><lang xml:lang="lzz"/>
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<w>dilmaǯ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lbe"><lang xml:lang="lzz"/>
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<w>dilmač</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="dar"><lang xml:lang="lzz"/>
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<w>tilmaǯ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="av"><lang xml:lang="lzz"/>
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<w>tirmač</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ce"><lang xml:lang="lzz"/>
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<w>talmaž</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lez"><lang xml:lang="lzz"/>
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<w>talmač</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="uby"><lang xml:lang="lzz"/>
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<w>telmaš</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ady-x-abadz"><lang xml:lang="lzz"/>
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<w>telmaž</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kbd"><lang xml:lang="lzz"/>
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<w>təlmeš</w></mentioned>. The word also found its way into some European languages:
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<mentioned><mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
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<w>tlъmačь</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>tolmač</w></mentioned>
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<gloss><q>translator</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="uk"><lang/>
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<w>tovkmačiti</w>
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<gloss><q>to translate</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="pl"><lang/>
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<w>tłumacs</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cs"><lang/>
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<w>tlumač</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
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<w>tolmács</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
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<w>Dolmetsch(er)</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ro"><lang/>
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<w>tălmačĭŭ</w></mentioned>
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<gloss><q>translator</q></gloss></mentioned>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Lokotsch"/>
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<biblScope>162—163</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Doerfer"/>
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<biblScope>II 663</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>.
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<bibl><author>Németh</author> writes about the origin and history of the word
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(<title>Zur Geschichte des Wortes <w>tolmácz</w></title>. <publisher>Acta Orient.
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Acad. Scient.</publisher>
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<pubPlace>Hung.</pubPlace>
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<date>1958</date>
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<biblScope>VIII 1—8</biblScope>)</bibl>, see also <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Doerfer"/> (<biblScope>III 664—665)</biblScope></bibl>, <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Clauson"/> (<biblScope>500</biblScope>)</bibl>. The voicing
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<w>tol-</w>, <w>tal-</w> in a variety of Turkic and non-Turkic forms prevents
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unequivocal derivation from <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
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<w>til</w>, <w>dil</w>
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<gloss><q>language</q></gloss></mentioned>. It is possible that there was a
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contamination on Slavic base of <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
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<w>tilmač</w></mentioned> with <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
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<w>tlъkъ</w>
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<gloss><q>sense</q></gloss></mentioned> (from which <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="non"><lang/>
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<w>tulkr</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sv"><lang/>
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<w>tolk</w></mentioned>
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<gloss><q>translator</q></gloss></mentioned>); cf.: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Falk-Torp"/>
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<biblScope>II 1269, s.v. <w>tolk</w></biblScope></bibl>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_MSt."/>
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<biblScope>84</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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</entry>
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</body>
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||
</text>
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||
</TEI> |