445 lines
26 KiB
XML
445 lines
26 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">topp_1</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_topp_1" n="1" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
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<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230301T213329+0300" comment="Russian checked" flag="done"?>
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<form xml:id="form_d4884e66" type="lemma"><orth>topp</orth></form><?oxy_comment_end ?>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d4884e69">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>ружье</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>gun</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth><ref type="xr" target="#entry_toppæxst"/></orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ружейная стрельба</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">gun shooting</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth><ref type="xr" target="#entry_toppaʒaǧd"/></orth></form>
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<sense>
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<def xml:lang="ru">id.</def>
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<def xml:lang="en">id.</def>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth><ref type="xr" target="#entry_toppwaʒæn"/></orth></form>
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<sense>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">бойница</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">loophole</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>амбразура</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>embrasure</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth><ref type="xr" target="#entry_topǵyn"/></orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">вооруженный ружьем</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">armed with a gun</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth><ref type="xr" target="#entry_topʒy"/></orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">пушкарь</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">gunner</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>toppy <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ʒyx"/></orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">дуло ружья</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">muzzle of a gun</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>toppy <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kæsæn"/></orth></form>
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<sense>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">прицел ружья</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">gun sight</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>мушка</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>muzzle-sight</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>toppy kæsænæj kæsyn (īskæmæ)</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">враждовать (с кем-либо)</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">be at enmity (with someone)</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>ненавидеть (кого-либо)</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>hate (someone)</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">смотреть через
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ружейную мушку</q>)</note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">look through the
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gunsight</q>)</note>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>topp <ref type="xr" target="#entry_īvtynʒyn"/></orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">заряжать ружье</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">load the gun</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>topp(æj) <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æxsyn_1">æxsyn</ref></orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">стрелять из ружья</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">shoot a gun</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth><ref type="xr" target="#entry_toppyxos"/></orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">порох</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">gunpowder</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>toppy <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fat"/></orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">пуля</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">bullet</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">. В охотничьем языке ружье зовется <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qærgænæg"><w>qærgænag</w>
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<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">шумила</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ЮОПам."/>
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<biblScope>I 38</biblScope></bibl>)</note></ref></note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">. In
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<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230313T115744+0300" comment="или of hunters?"?>hunting<?oxy_comment_end ?>
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language, a gun is called <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qærgænæg"><w>qærgænag</w>
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<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes"><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230313T120119+0300" comment="шумила???"?>noise
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maker<?oxy_comment_end ?></q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ЮОПам."/>
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<biblScope>I 38</biblScope></bibl>)</note></ref></note>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">æz <oRef>toppæj</oRef> næ qazyn</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">я не балуюсь ружьем</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I do not play around with guns</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
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<biblScope>14</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">kʼūlyl sagʒarm; jæ wælæ awyǧd
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<oRef>topp</oRef>, <oRef>toppy</oRef> aǧūd, dambaca, qama, kard</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">на стене — оленья шкура; на ней висят ружье,
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ружейный чехол, пистолет, кинжал, шашка</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">on the wall is a deerskin; a gun, a gun case, a
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pistol, a dagger, a saber hang on it</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Брит."/>
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<biblScope>106</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Wanely bazarmæ wæjmæ xastoj kærdtæ, qamatæ,
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<oRef>toppytæ</oRef>, dambacatæ</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">на Ванельский базар приносили для продажи
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шашки, кинжалы, ружья, пистолеты</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">sabers, daggers, guns, pistols were brought to
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the Vanel Bazaar for sale</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/>
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<biblScope>72</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mæ cybyr <oRef>topp</oRef> mæ k˳y
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waid...</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">если бы у меня было мое короткоствольное
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ружье...</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">if only I had my short gun...</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОТ"/>
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<biblScope>73</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ḱīdær mūsy æmbondæj jæ <oRef>toppy</oRef> ʒyx
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ærbadardta</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">кто-то из-за ограды гумна наставил ружейное
|
|||
|
|
дуло</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">someone from behind the fence of the threshing
|
|||
|
|
floor pointed the muzzle of a gun</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>58</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>toppæj</oRef> ærdū næ īvǧ˳ydta</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">из ружья он не промахнулся бы в волосок</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">with a gun, he would not have missed a hair</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>94</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">jæ xæzgūl yn waty bambæxsta jæ gærztæ: jæ
|
|||
|
|
<oRef>topp</oRef>, jæ kard, jæ wart</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">его любовница спрятала его доспехи в спальне:
|
|||
|
|
ружье, меч, щит</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">his mistress hid his armor in the bedroom:
|
|||
|
|
<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230313T120418+0300" comment="a или the?"?>a<?oxy_comment_end ?>
|
|||
|
|
gun, a sword, a shield</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭ"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>I 20</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">calynmæ mæ cæst <oRef>toppy</oRef> kæsæn
|
|||
|
|
axsa...</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">пока мой глаз различает мушку ружья...</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">as long as my eye can see the front sight of a
|
|||
|
|
gun...</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>68</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
|
|||
|
|
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">sædæ <oRef>toppemæj</oRef> æj
|
|||
|
|
<oRef>toppi</oRef> baræ ku adtæj, oni astæw ba æ fidi ræxsæntæj bast saw urussag
|
|||
|
|
<oRef>topp</oRef> ku isesuj</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">у него было право (выбора) из ста ружей, среди
|
|||
|
|
них он берет отцовское перевязанное ремешками черное русское ружье</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he had the right (to choose) from a hundred
|
|||
|
|
guns, among them he takes his father’s black Russian gun tied with straps</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_DZ"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>127</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
|
|||
|
|
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">nadi ærdigi <oRef>toppi</oRef> ǧær
|
|||
|
|
fæcudæj</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">со стороны дороги раздался ружейный выстрел</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a gunshot rang out from the road</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>119</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
|
|||
|
|
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">je ʽmbæltti... ǧæwæj idarddær niwwaǧta,
|
|||
|
|
<oRef>toppi</oRef> fat sæmæ kud næ qærttaidæ otæ</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">своих товарищей он оставил поодаль от селения,
|
|||
|
|
чтобы их не достигала ружейная пуля</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he left his comrades at a distance from the
|
|||
|
|
village so that a rifle bullet would not reach them</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_DZ"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>229</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
</exampleGrp>
|
|||
|
|
<etym xml:lang="ru"><mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang>Тюрк.</lang>
|
|||
|
|
<w>top</w></mentioned> относится к распространенным во многих языках идеофонам,
|
|||
|
|
означающим <q>круглое</q>, <q>выпуклое</q> и т. п. (см. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tymbyl"/>). В дальнейшем так стали называть пушечное ядро, а затем пушку.
|
|||
|
|
В некоторых языках Кавказа слово закрепилось за ружьем: <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>top</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>любой круглый предмет</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>мячик</q></gloss>,
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>ядро</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>пушка</q></gloss>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>III 1220</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Zenker"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>II 604</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Räsänen._Versuch"/>. <biblScope>489</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Doerfer"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>II 596–601</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Clauson"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>434</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Вошло во многие языки:
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tūp</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ku" extralang="ps"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>top</w></mentioned>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>пушка</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="bg"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>топ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sh" extralang="sl sqj"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>top</w></mentioned>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>ядро</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>орудие</q></gloss>,
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>пушка</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="lez" extralang="dar"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tup</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lbe"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>ttup</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="abq" extralang="kbd"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>top</w></mentioned>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>пушка</q></gloss></mentioned>. Значение <q>ружье</q> отмечено, помимо
|
|||
|
|
осетинского, в следующих языках: <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>topi</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sva"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>twep</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ce" extralang="inh"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>top</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ddo"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="comment">(по говорам)</note>
|
|||
|
|
<w>topi</w>, <w>tupi</w>, <w>tupe</w>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Дирр"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>107</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. В <ref type="xr" target="#entry_topʒy" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>topʒy</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>пушкарь</q></gloss></ref> удержалось значение <q>пушка</q>. — См. также <ref type="xr" target="#entry_toppaʒaǧd"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_toppæxst"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_topʒy"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_topǵyn"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_toppwaʒæn"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_toppyxos"/>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Шегрен"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>134</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>132</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>53, 84</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
|
|||
|
|
<etym xml:lang="en"><mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>top</w></mentioned> refers to ideophones common in many languages, meaning
|
|||
|
|
<q>round</q>, <q>convex</q> etc. (see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tymbyl"/>). Later,
|
|||
|
|
it was used to refer to a cannonball and then to a cannon. In some languages of the
|
|||
|
|
Caucasus, the word was
|
|||
|
|
<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230313T120923+0300" comment="?????"?>assigned<?oxy_comment_end ?>
|
|||
|
|
to a gun: <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>top</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>any round object</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>small ball</q></gloss>,
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>cannon ball</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>cannon</q></gloss>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>III 1220</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Zenker"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>II 604</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Räsänen._Versuch"/>. <biblScope>489</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Doerfer"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>II 596–601</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Clauson"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>434</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. It
|
|||
|
|
<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230313T121032+0300" comment="?"?>entered
|
|||
|
|
into<?oxy_comment_end ?> many languages: <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tūp</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ku" extralang="ps"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>top</w></mentioned>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>cannon</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="bg"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230320T182406+0300" comment="было: топ"?>top<?oxy_comment_end ?></w></mentioned>,
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="sh" extralang="sl sqj"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>top</w></mentioned>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>cannon ball</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>tool</q></gloss>,
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>cannon</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="lez" extralang="dar"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tup</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lbe"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>ttup</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="abq" extralang="kbd"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>top</w></mentioned>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>cannon</q></gloss></mentioned>. The meaning <q>gun</q> is attested, besides
|
|||
|
|
Ossetic, in the following languages: <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>topi</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sva"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>twep</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ce" extralang="inh"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>top</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ddo"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="comment">(in dialects)</note>
|
|||
|
|
<w>topi</w>, <w>tupi</w>, <w>tupe</w>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Дирр"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>107</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. In <ref type="xr" target="#entry_topʒy" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>topʒy</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>gunner</q></gloss></ref> the meaning <q>cannon</q> is retained. — See also
|
|||
|
|
<ref type="xr" target="#entry_toppaʒaǧd"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_toppæxst"/>,
|
|||
|
|
<ref type="xr" target="#entry_topʒy"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_topǵyn"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_toppwaʒæn"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_toppyxos"/>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Шегрен"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>134</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>132</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>53, 84</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
|
|||
|
|
</entry>
|
|||
|
|
</body>
|
|||
|
|
</text>
|
|||
|
|
</TEI>
|