402 lines
26 KiB
XML
402 lines
26 KiB
XML
|
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
|
|||
|
|
<teiHeader>
|
|||
|
|
<fileDesc>
|
|||
|
|
<titleStmt>
|
|||
|
|
<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">wæz</hi></title>
|
|||
|
|
</titleStmt>
|
|||
|
|
<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
|
|||
|
|
Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
|
|||
|
|
<sourceDesc>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
|
|||
|
|
<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
|
|||
|
|
<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</sourceDesc>
|
|||
|
|
</fileDesc>
|
|||
|
|
<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
|
|||
|
|
<tagsDecl>
|
|||
|
|
<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
|
|||
|
|
<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
|
|||
|
|
<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
|
|||
|
|
<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
|
|||
|
|
</tagsDecl>
|
|||
|
|
</encodingDesc>
|
|||
|
|
</teiHeader>
|
|||
|
|
<text>
|
|||
|
|
<body>
|
|||
|
|
<entry xml:id="entry_wæz" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="incomplete">
|
|||
|
|
<form xml:id="form_d5360e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>wæz</orth></form>
|
|||
|
|
<form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>wæzæ</orth></form>
|
|||
|
|
<sense xml:id="sense_d5360e69">
|
|||
|
|
<sense>
|
|||
|
|
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q>вес</q>
|
|||
|
|
</abv:tr>
|
|||
|
|
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q>weight</q>
|
|||
|
|
</abv:tr>
|
|||
|
|
</sense>
|
|||
|
|
<sense>
|
|||
|
|
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q>тяжесть</q>
|
|||
|
|
</abv:tr>
|
|||
|
|
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q>heaviness</q>
|
|||
|
|
</abv:tr>
|
|||
|
|
</sense>
|
|||
|
|
</sense>
|
|||
|
|
<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wæzzaw"><w>wæzzaw</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>тяжелый</q></gloss></ref></note>
|
|||
|
|
<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wæzzaw"><w>wæzzaw</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>heavy</q></gloss></ref></note>
|
|||
|
|
<re>
|
|||
|
|
<form type="lemma"><orth>wæzbyn</orth></form>
|
|||
|
|
<sense>
|
|||
|
|
<sense>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">тяжелый на подъем</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">heavy to lift</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
</sense>
|
|||
|
|
<sense>
|
|||
|
|
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q>мешкотный</q>
|
|||
|
|
</abv:tr>
|
|||
|
|
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q>sluggish</q>
|
|||
|
|
</abv:tr>
|
|||
|
|
</sense>
|
|||
|
|
</sense>
|
|||
|
|
</re>
|
|||
|
|
<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wæzgæ"><w>wæzgæ</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>весомый</q></gloss></ref></note>
|
|||
|
|
<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wæzgæ"><w>wæzgæ</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>weighty</q></gloss></ref></note>
|
|||
|
|
<re>
|
|||
|
|
<form type="lemma"><orth>razwæz</orth></form>
|
|||
|
|
<sense>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(арба, груженая) с перевесом спереди</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(bullock-cart, loaded) with a margin in
|
|||
|
|
front</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
</sense>
|
|||
|
|
</re>
|
|||
|
|
<re>
|
|||
|
|
<form type="lemma"><orth>fæstæwæz</orth></form>
|
|||
|
|
<sense>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(арба, груженая) с перевесом сзади</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(bullock-cart, loaded) with a margin behind</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (оптимальная загрузка двухколесной арбы — когда нет
|
|||
|
|
чрезмерного перевеса ни спереди, ни сзади)</note>
|
|||
|
|
<note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (optimal loading of a two-wheeled cart is such that
|
|||
|
|
there is no excessive margin nor in front, nor behind)</note>
|
|||
|
|
</sense>
|
|||
|
|
</re>
|
|||
|
|
<re>
|
|||
|
|
<form type="lemma"><orth>æddæwæz</orth></form>
|
|||
|
|
<sense>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">подальше</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">farther</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
</sense>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
|
|||
|
|
<date>1972</date>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>VI 9</biblScope></bibl>)</note>
|
|||
|
|
</re>
|
|||
|
|
<re>
|
|||
|
|
<form type="lemma"><orth>dælæwæz</orth></form>
|
|||
|
|
<sense>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">пониже</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">lower</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">с перевесом
|
|||
|
|
вниз</q>)</note>
|
|||
|
|
<note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">with a margin
|
|||
|
|
below</q>)</note>
|
|||
|
|
</sense>
|
|||
|
|
</re>
|
|||
|
|
<re>
|
|||
|
|
<form type="lemma"><orth>wælæwæz</orth></form>
|
|||
|
|
<sense>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">повыше</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">higher</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">с перевесом
|
|||
|
|
вверх</q>)</note>
|
|||
|
|
<note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">with a margin
|
|||
|
|
above</q>)</note>
|
|||
|
|
</sense>
|
|||
|
|
</re>
|
|||
|
|
<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wæzqūs"><w>wæzqūs</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>тугоухий</q></gloss></ref></note>
|
|||
|
|
<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wæzqūs"><w>wæzqūs</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>cloth-eared</q></gloss></ref></note>
|
|||
|
|
<re>
|
|||
|
|
<form type="lemma"><orth>wæxskwæzæj</orth></form>
|
|||
|
|
<sense>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">со всего плеча</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">straight from the shoulder</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">
|
|||
|
|
<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">тяжестью плеча</q></note>
|
|||
|
|
<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">
|
|||
|
|
<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">with the weight of the shoulder</q></note>
|
|||
|
|
</sense>
|
|||
|
|
</re>
|
|||
|
|
<re>
|
|||
|
|
<form type="lemma"><orth>æmwæz</orth></form>
|
|||
|
|
<sense>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">равный по весу</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">equal in weight</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
</sense>
|
|||
|
|
</re>
|
|||
|
|
<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
|
|||
|
|
<example>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">cæxǵyn fæxsyntæ fyngtæn <oRef>wæz</oRef>
|
|||
|
|
kodtoj</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">соленые (бараньи) туши отягощали столы</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">salty (mutton) carcasses weighed the tables
|
|||
|
|
down</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>67</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">wærtæ kʼæbīcy zældag bændæn, æmæ ūmæj næ
|
|||
|
|
xæʒary cy ʒawma īs ūdon k˳y babædtaj, wæd dyn bændæny <oRef>wæz</oRef> dær næ
|
|||
|
|
fækænʒænī</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">вон в кладовке шелковая веревка, и если ею
|
|||
|
|
перевяжешь всю нашу домашнюю утварь, то это не составит для тебя даже тяжести
|
|||
|
|
веревки</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">there is a silk rope in the storage, and if you
|
|||
|
|
bind all our household utensils with it, it won't be even of a rope's weight for
|
|||
|
|
you</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭ"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>I 66</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Alægatæ zaǧtoj Xæmycæn: dæ xorzæxæj, k˳y
|
|||
|
|
’rcæwis næ ḱyzgmæ, wæd dyn je <oRef>’mwæz</oRef> æxca raddikkam</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Алаговы сказали Хамицу: сделай милость, если ты
|
|||
|
|
придешь (свататься) к нашей девушке, то мы дали бы тебе (в приданое) денег, равных
|
|||
|
|
ей по весу</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Alægovs said to Xæmyts: do us a favor, if you
|
|||
|
|
go (to ask for a marriage) to our girl, we will give you (as a dowry) [the amount
|
|||
|
|
of] money equal in weight to her</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭ"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>I 38</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
|
|||
|
|
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">xor æ <oRef>wæzæ</oRef> ku ærwaʒa...</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">когда солнце опустится (всем) своим
|
|||
|
|
весом...</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">when the sun will fall with its (all)
|
|||
|
|
weight...</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Bes._Ka_ke"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>23</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
</exampleGrp>
|
|||
|
|
<etym xml:lang="ru">Восходит к <w type="rec">waza-</w> или <w type="rec">wazya-</w>,
|
|||
|
|
производное от базы иран. <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">waz-</w></mentioned>,
|
|||
|
|
и.е. <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">weǵh-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>везти</q></gloss></mentioned>. Каузативная основа <w type="rec">wāzaya-</w>
|
|||
|
|
распознается в ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_awazyn"><w>a-waz-yn</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>прудить</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_nywazyn"><w>ny-waz-yn</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>пить</q></gloss></ref> q. v. Значения <gloss><q>вес</q></gloss>,
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>тяжесть</q></gloss> и т. п. широко представлены в иранских языках:
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="fa" extralang="tg"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>vazn</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>вес</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>тяжесть</q></gloss>, <w>vaznin</w>, <w>vazmīn</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>тяжелый</q></gloss></mentioned> (→ <mentioned xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>vazmin</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>тяжелый</q></gloss></mentioned>), <mentioned xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>wiz</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sgh-x-khufi"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>wäz</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="x-rushani"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>wez</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="srh"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>wez</w>, <w>weʒ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="yah"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>waz</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>тяжесть</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>груз</q></gloss>,
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>ноша</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="isk"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>wazm</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>вес</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>тяжесть</q></gloss>, <w>vazmin</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>тяжелый</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>трудный</q></gloss> (из тадж.?)</mentioned>,
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>baṡä </w><gloss><q>груз</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._KhT"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>VI 231</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>vazya-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>груз</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>ноша</q></gloss></mentioned>. С семантической
|
|||
|
|
стороны к приведенным иранским фактам особенно близки некоторые германские: <mentioned xml:lang="goh"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>wāga</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>Wage</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>весы</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>вес</q></gloss>,
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>тяжесть</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="non"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>vag</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ang"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>wæg</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="en"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>wey</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss>единица веса</gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="no"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>vaag</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss>определенный вес (18 кг)</gloss></mentioned> и пр. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Falk-Torp"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>II 1338</biblScope></bibl>). Из германского считается усвоенным слав.
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="sla"><w type="rec">waga</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru" extralang="uk"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>вага</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pl"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>waga</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cs"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>waha</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>вес</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>тяжесть</q></gloss></mentioned>. Однако на
|
|||
|
|
славянской почве мы имеем самостоятельную словообразовательную и семантическую систему,
|
|||
|
|
которая невыводима из германского: <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>важный</w> не только в смысле <gloss><q>значительный</q></gloss>, но также
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>тяжелый</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>увесистый</q></gloss></mentioned>
|
|||
|
|
(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Даль"/></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="pl"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>waznu</w>, <w>uwazać</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>соображать</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>наблюдать</q></gloss></mentioned>,
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>уважать</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="uk"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>уважати</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>принимать во внимание</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>считать</q></gloss></mentioned>,
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>отвага</w>, <w>отважный</w></mentioned>. Все это говорит в пользу того, что на
|
|||
|
|
славянской почве мы имеем дело не с заимствованием из германского, а с фонетическим <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">германизмом</q>, возникшим самостоятельно в порядке
|
|||
|
|
перекрестной изоглоссы. (О перекрестных изоглоссах см.: <bibl><title>Этимология
|
|||
|
|
1966</title>, <pubPlace>М.</pubPlace>, <date>1968</date>, <biblScope>стр.
|
|||
|
|
247—263</biblScope></bibl>. См. также: <bibl><author>Holmer</author>. <title>On the <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">crosswise intersectant</q> aspect of phonetic
|
|||
|
|
evolution....</title>
|
|||
|
|
<publisher>В сб.: Вопросы иранской и общей филологии</publisher>,
|
|||
|
|
<pubPlace>Тбилиси</pubPlace>, <date>1977</date>, <biblScope>стр.
|
|||
|
|
297—303</biblScope></bibl>).<hi rendition="#rend_superscript">1</hi><note type="footnote">Таким же перекрестным <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">германизмом</q>
|
|||
|
|
(а не заимствованием из германского) является слав. <mentioned xml:lang="sla"><w>mleko</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>молоко</q></gloss></mentioned> вместо ожидаемого <w type="rec">mlezo</w> (из
|
|||
|
|
и.е. <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">melǵ-</w></mentioned>), ср. <mentioned xml:lang="en"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>milk</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>Melken</w></mentioned>. <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Чисто славянская</q>
|
|||
|
|
форма представлена в <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>молозиво</w></mentioned>.</note> — В <mentioned xml:lang="ce"><lang/> (из ос.)
|
|||
|
|
<w>veza</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>тяжелый</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>дорогой</q></gloss> начальный <c>v-</c> был
|
|||
|
|
осмыслен как классный экспонент, в результате возникли вторичные формы <w>deza</w>,
|
|||
|
|
<w>beza</w>, <w>jeza</w> от (мнимой) базы <c type="rec">eza</c></mentioned> (ср.:
|
|||
|
|
<bibl><author>Bouda</author>, <title>Caucasica 1934</title>, <biblScope>fasc. 11, стр.
|
|||
|
|
61</biblScope></bibl>). — См. еще <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wæzæg_1"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wæzgæ"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wæzzaw"/>.</etym>
|
|||
|
|
<etym xml:lang="en">Goes back to <w type="rec">waza-</w> or <w type="rec">wazya-</w>,
|
|||
|
|
derived from the Iranian base <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">waz-</w></mentioned>, Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">weǵh-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>carry</q></gloss></mentioned>. The causative stem <w type="rec">wāzaya-</w> is
|
|||
|
|
also recognized in Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_awazyn"><w>a-waz-yn</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>dam (river)</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_nywazyn"><w>ny-waz-yn</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>drink</q></gloss></ref> q. v. The meanings <gloss><q>weight</q></gloss>,
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>heaviness</q></gloss> etc. are widely represented in Iranian languages:
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="fa" extralang="tg"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>vazn</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>weight</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>haviness</q></gloss>, <w>vaznin</w>,
|
|||
|
|
<w>vazmīn</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>heavy</q></gloss></mentioned> (→ <mentioned xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>vazmin</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>heavy</q></gloss></mentioned>), <mentioned xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>wiz</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sgh-x-khufi"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>wäz</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="x-rushani"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>wez</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="srh"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>wez</w>, <w>weʒ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="yah"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>waz</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>heaviness</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>load</q></gloss>,
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>burden</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="isk"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>wazm</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>weight</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>heaviness</q></gloss>, <w>vazmin</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>heavy</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>difficult</q></gloss> (from Tajik?)</mentioned>,
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>baṡä </w><gloss><q>load</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._KhT"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>VI 231</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>vazya-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>load</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>burden</q></gloss></mentioned>. From the semantic
|
|||
|
|
side, some of Germanic words are especially close to the given Iranian facts: <mentioned xml:lang="goh"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>wāga</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>Wage</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>scales</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>weight</q></gloss>,
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>heaviness</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="non"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>vag</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ang"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>wæg</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="en"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>wey</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss>unit of weight</gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="no"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>vaag</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss>the certain weight (18 kg)</gloss></mentioned> etc. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Falk-Torp"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>II 1338</biblScope></bibl>). Are considered to be borrowed from Germanic
|
|||
|
|
Slavic word <mentioned xml:lang="sla"><w type="rec">waga</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru" extralang="uk"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>вага</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pl"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>waga</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cs"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>waha</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>weight</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>heaviness</q></gloss></mentioned>. However, on
|
|||
|
|
the Slavic ground we have an independent word-formation and semantic system, which may not
|
|||
|
|
be deduced from Germanic: <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>važnyj</w> has not only the sense <gloss><q>important</q></gloss>, but also
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>heavy</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>weighty</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Даль"/></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="pl"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>waznu</w>, <w>uwazać</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>figure out</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>observe</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>uvažat'</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="uk"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>uvažaty</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>take into consideration</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>assume</q></gloss></mentioned>,
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>otvaga</w>, <w>otvažnyj</w></mentioned>. All this speaks in favor of the fact that on
|
|||
|
|
the Slavic ground we deal not with the borrowing from Germanic, but with the phonetic <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">germanism</q>, which occurred independently as a
|
|||
|
|
crosswise isogloss. (On crosswise isoglosses see: <bibl><title>Ètimologija 1966</title>
|
|||
|
|
[<title>The etymology 1966</title>], <pubPlace>Moscow</pubPlace>, <date>1968</date>,
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>p. 247—263</biblScope></bibl>. See also: <bibl><author>Holmer</author>.
|
|||
|
|
<title>On the <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">crosswise intersectant</q> aspect of
|
|||
|
|
phonetic evolution...</title>
|
|||
|
|
<publisher>In vol.: Voprosy iranskoj i obščej filologii</publisher> [<publisher>The
|
|||
|
|
problems of Iranian and general philology</publisher>], <pubPlace>Tbilisi</pubPlace>,
|
|||
|
|
<date>1977</date>, <biblScope>p. 297—303</biblScope></bibl>).<note type="footnote">The
|
|||
|
|
same crosswise <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">germanism</q> (not a borrowing form
|
|||
|
|
Germanic) is Slavic <mentioned xml:lang="sla"><w>mleko</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>milk</q></gloss></mentioned> instead of expected <w type="rec">mlezo</w>
|
|||
|
|
(from Indo-European<mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">melǵ-</w></mentioned>), cf.
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="en"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>milk</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>Melken</w></mentioned>. The <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">pure Slavic</q> form
|
|||
|
|
is present in <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>molozivo</w></mentioned>.</note> — In <mentioned xml:lang="ce"><lang/> (from
|
|||
|
|
Ossetic) <w>veza</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>heavy</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>expensive</q></gloss> the initial <c>v-</c> was
|
|||
|
|
interpreted as a class-formative affix, as a result arose the secondary forms
|
|||
|
|
<w>deza</w>, <w>beza</w>, <w>jeza</w> from a (putative) base <c type="rec">eza</c></mentioned> (cf.: <bibl><author>Bouda</author>, <title>Caucasica 1934</title>,
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>fasc. 11, p. 61</biblScope></bibl>). — See also <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wæzæg_1"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wæzgæ"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wæzzaw"/>.</etym>
|
|||
|
|
</entry>
|
|||
|
|
</body>
|
|||
|
|
</text>
|
|||
|
|
</TEI>
|