753 lines
53 KiB
XML
753 lines
53 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">xæʒar</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_xæʒar" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="incomplete">
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<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231024T194821+0300" comment="Russian checked"?>
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<form xml:id="form_d5443e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>xæʒar</orth></form><?oxy_comment_end ?>
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<form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>xæʒæræ</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d5443e69">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>дом</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>house</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>сакля</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>hut</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>жилище</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>dwelling</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>главное жилое помещение сакли, где горит очаг</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>the main living room, where the hearth burns</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>домашнее хозяйство</q>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; термин является в равной мере архитектурным,
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социальным и хозяйственным. — <quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">В горах
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Кавказских дома осетинов обыкновенно каменные, нередко состоящие из двух ярусов,
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из коих в нижнем содержится скот, а в верхнем живут люди</q> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Шегрен"/>
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<biblScope>168</biblScope></bibl>)</quote>. Главное жилое помещение, собственно
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<oRef>хадзар</oRef>, — это обширная комната с очагом, разделявшим его на две
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половины, мужскую и женскую. Здесь готовили и принимали пищу, шили одежду, ткали
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сукно (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_tyn_2"/>), делали сыр и т. д. Важнейшей
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принадлежностью <oRef>хадзара</oRef> был очаг (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_artʒæst"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼona"/>) с неугасающим
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огнем и спускавшаяся над ним цепь (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_ræxys"/>). В
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глубине <emph>хадзара</emph> за очагом стояло <mentioned xml:lang="os"><gloss>резное
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деревянное кресло</gloss> (<phr>k’ælætǵyn bandon</phr>)</mentioned> для старшего
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в доме мужчины. Домашнюю утварь составляли низкие треногие столики (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_fyng"/>), кровать (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_syntæg"/>),
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деревянные ведра, кадки и т. д. К <oRef>хадзару</oRef> примыкала кладовая (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼæbic"><w>k’æbīc</w></ref>). Там единолично
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распоряжалась старшая хозяйка (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_æfsīn"/>). Для молодых
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выделялась особая комната (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_wat"/>), для гостей —
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кунацкая (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_wazægdon"/>). (Подробнее см.:
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<bibl><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Коста._Этн."/>
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<biblScope>10—11</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Калоев</author>.
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<title>Осетины</title>. <pubPlace>М.</pubPlace>, <date>1971</date>,
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<biblScope>стр. 150—152</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Кузнецов</author>.
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<title>Путешествие в древний Иристон</title>
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<pubPlace>М.</pubPlace>, <date>1974</date>, <biblScope>стр.
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101—102</biblScope></bibl></bibl>)</note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; термин является в равной мере архитектурным,
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социальным и хозяйственным. — <quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">В горах
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Кавказских дома осетинов обыкновенно каменные, нередко состоящие из двух ярусов,
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из коих в нижнем содержится скот, а в верхнем живут люди</q> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Шегрен"/>
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<biblScope>168</biblScope></bibl>)</quote>. Главное жилое помещение, собственно
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<oRef>хадзар</oRef>, — это обширная комната с очагом, разделявшим его на две
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половины, мужскую и женскую. Здесь готовили и принимали пищу, шили одежду, ткали
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сукно (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_tyn_2"/>), делали сыр и т. д. Важнейшей
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принадлежностью <oRef>хадзара</oRef> был очаг (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_artʒæst"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼona"/>) с неугасающим
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огнем и спускавшаяся над ним цепь (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_ræxys"/>). В
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глубине <emph>хадзара</emph> за очагом стояло <mentioned xml:lang="os"><gloss>резное
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деревянное кресло</gloss> (<phr>k’ælætǵyn bandon</phr>)</mentioned> для старшего
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в доме мужчины. Домашнюю утварь составляли низкие треногие столики (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_fyng"/>), кровать (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_syntæg"/>),
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деревянные ведра, кадки и т. д. К <oRef>хадзару</oRef> примыкала кладовая (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼæbic"><w>k’æbīc</w></ref>). Там единолично
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распоряжалась старшая хозяйка (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_æfsīn"/>). Для молодых
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выделялась особая комната (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_wat"/>), для гостей —
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кунацкая (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_wazægdon"/>). (Подробнее см.:
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<bibl><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Коста._Этн."/>
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<biblScope>10—11</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Калоев</author>.
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<title>Осетины</title>. <pubPlace>М.</pubPlace>, <date>1971</date>,
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<biblScope>стр. 150—152</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Кузнецов</author>.
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<title>Путешествие в древний Иристон</title>
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<pubPlace>М.</pubPlace>, <date>1974</date>, <biblScope>стр.
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101—102</biblScope></bibl></bibl>)</note>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>household</q>
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<note type="comment">; the term is equally architectural, social and economic. —
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<quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">In the Caucasus Mountains, Ossetian
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houses are usually of stone, often consisting of two tiers, of which the lower
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tier contains cattle and the upper tier houses people</q> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Шегрен"/>
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<biblScope>168</biblScope></bibl>)</quote>. The main dwelling,
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<oRef>khadzar</oRef>, was a large room with a hearth that divided it into two
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halves, male and female. Here they cooked and took food, sewed clothes, wove cloth
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(<ref type="xr" target="#entry_tyn_2"/>), made cheese, etc. The most important
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accessory of a <oRef>khadzar</oRef> was a hearth (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_artʒæst"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼona"/>) with an
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unquenchable fire and a chain descending above it (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_ræxys"/>). In the depth of the <emph>khadzar</emph> behind the
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hearth stood a <mentioned xml:lang="os"><gloss>carved wooden chair</gloss>
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(<phr>k’ælætǵyn bandon</phr>)</mentioned> for the eldest man in the house.
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Household utensils included low tripod tables (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_fyng"/>), bed (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_syntæg"/>), wooden buckets, tubs, etc. A
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pantry (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼæbic"><w>k’æbīc</w></ref>) adjoined the
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<oRef>khadzar</oRef>. There, the eldest housewife (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_æfsīn"/>) had sole charge of it. There was a special room for the
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young (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_wat"/>), and a kunatskaya (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_wazægdon"/>) for the guests. (For more information, see:
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<bibl><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Коста._Этн."/>
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<biblScope>10—11</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Kaloev</author>.
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<title>Osetiny [Ossetians]</title>. <pubPlace>Moscow</pubPlace>,
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<date>1971</date>, <biblScope>pp. 150—152</biblScope></bibl>. —
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<bibl><author>Kuznetsov</author>. <title>Putešestvie v drevnij Iriston
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[Journey to ancient Iriston]</title>
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<pubPlace>Moscow</pubPlace>, <date>1974</date>, <biblScope>pp.
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101—102</biblScope></bibl></bibl>)</note>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth><oRef>xæʒary</oRef> ʒawma</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">домашняя утварь</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">household utensils</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth><oRef>xæʒary</oRef> xīcaw</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">домохозяин</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">householder</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>xæʒarʒin</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">домовитый</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">housekeeping</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>хозяйственный</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>thrifty</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>xæʒargæs</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">кто сторожит дом</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">one who's keeping watch</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>xæʒaron</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">домашний</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">domestic</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>домочадец</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>householder</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>xæʒajrag</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">домашний</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">domestic</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>xæʒarvændag</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">члены семьи</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">family members</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
</sense>
|
|||
|
|
<sense>
|
|||
|
|
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q>поколения, вышедшие из одного дома</q>
|
|||
|
|
</abv:tr>
|
|||
|
|
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q>generations that came from the same house</q>
|
|||
|
|
</abv:tr>
|
|||
|
|
</sense>
|
|||
|
|
<sense>
|
|||
|
|
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q>родословная</q>
|
|||
|
|
</abv:tr>
|
|||
|
|
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q>pedigree</q>
|
|||
|
|
</abv:tr>
|
|||
|
|
</sense>
|
|||
|
|
</sense>
|
|||
|
|
</re>
|
|||
|
|
<re>
|
|||
|
|
<form type="lemma"><orth>xæʒarwat</orth></form>
|
|||
|
|
<sense>
|
|||
|
|
<sense>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">руины дома</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ruins of a house</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
</sense>
|
|||
|
|
<sense>
|
|||
|
|
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q>пепелище</q>
|
|||
|
|
</abv:tr>
|
|||
|
|
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q>ashes</q>
|
|||
|
|
</abv:tr>
|
|||
|
|
</sense>
|
|||
|
|
</sense>
|
|||
|
|
</re>
|
|||
|
|
<re>
|
|||
|
|
<form type="lemma"><orth>wælxæʒar</orth></form>
|
|||
|
|
<sense>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">крыша</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">roof</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
</sense>
|
|||
|
|
</re>
|
|||
|
|
<re>
|
|||
|
|
<form type="lemma"><orth>dykkag xæʒar</orth></form>
|
|||
|
|
<sense>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#rend_doublequotes">второй дом</q>
|
|||
|
|
<note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (ближайшая
|
|||
|
|
родня, недавно отделившаяся от большой семьи)</note>
|
|||
|
|
<note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (ближайшая
|
|||
|
|
родня, недавно отделившаяся от большой семьи)</note>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#rend_doublequotes">second home</q>
|
|||
|
|
<note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="comment"> (close kin, recently
|
|||
|
|
separated from the extended family)</note>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
</sense>
|
|||
|
|
</re>
|
|||
|
|
<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
|
|||
|
|
<example>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">maxaw dyn <oRef>xæʒar</oRef> næj</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">у тебя нет дома, как у нас</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">you don't have a home like we do</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>122</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">īw <oRef>xæʒary</oRef> dwar baxostam</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">мы постучали в дверь одного дома</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">we knocked on a house door</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>218</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">rajxæld k˳yvd, arfætæ gængæ sæ
|
|||
|
|
<oRef>xæʒærttæm</oRef> adæm cydysty</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">пиршество закончилось, co словами благодарности
|
|||
|
|
люди расходились по домам</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the feast was over, and the people went home
|
|||
|
|
with words of gratitude</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>142</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">…jæ ūs ta æri-gaj
|
|||
|
|
<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231024T192956+0300" comment="NB: интересная конструкция"?><oRef>xæʒar-xæʒar</oRef><?oxy_comment_end ?>
|
|||
|
|
zyld</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">…а жена его попрошайничая ходила из дома в
|
|||
|
|
дом</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">…and his wife went begging from house to
|
|||
|
|
house</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>54</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">fæzyldī xæʒari-xæʒar</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">…он обходил дом за домом</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">…he went house to house</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Нафи"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>195</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example>
|
|||
|
|
<note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="ru" type="footnote">Об образованиях
|
|||
|
|
типа <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>xæʒar-xæʒar</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>fændag-fændag</w></mentioned></mentioned> и т. п. см.: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Ахвледиани._Сборник"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>187—189</biblScope></bibl>. </note>
|
|||
|
|
<note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" type="footnote">On formations
|
|||
|
|
like <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>xæʒar-xæʒar</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>fændag-fændag</w></mentioned></mentioned>, etc. see: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Ахвледиани._Сборник"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>187—189</biblScope></bibl>. </note>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">xæxxon <oRef>xæʒærttæ</oRef> saw ændærg
|
|||
|
|
dardtoj</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">горные сакли (на фоне снега) выделялись темными
|
|||
|
|
силуэтами</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mountain huts (against the background of snow)
|
|||
|
|
stood out with dark silhouettes</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>86</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Kurdan æmæ
|
|||
|
|
Kuʒan…<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231024T193333+0300" comment="NB: для Юли"?>
|
|||
|
|
īw <oRef>xæʒary</oRef> x˳yʒæn, īw bīnontaw<?oxy_comment_end ?> cardysty</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Курдан и Кудзан жили (дружно), как один дом,
|
|||
|
|
как одна семья</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Kurdan and Kudzan lived (amicably) as one
|
|||
|
|
house, as one family</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>64</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ærtæ Narty <oRef>xæʒaræn</oRef> lægæj
|
|||
|
|
ærbacæwʒysty</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">три (рода) Нартов придут по (одному) человеку c
|
|||
|
|
(каждого) дома</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">three (clans) of Narts will come one man from
|
|||
|
|
(each) house</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭп."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>13</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">dæ zæxxyl <oRef>xæʒar</oRef> kæm sarazon ūj
|
|||
|
|
myn radd</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">дай мне на твоей земле (место), где построить
|
|||
|
|
дом</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Give me on your land (a place) where I can
|
|||
|
|
build a house</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>III 139</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">kæm batalyng wa, ūm jæ
|
|||
|
|
<oRef>xæʒar</oRef></quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">где (над ним) стемнеет, там его дом</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">where (over him) darkness falls, there is his
|
|||
|
|
home</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Bar."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>98</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">…jæ æmbælæggag wæ syxgaj k˳yd xæssa, jæ
|
|||
|
|
sqīwæggag ta <oRef>xæʒargaj</oRef></quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">…чтобы прямое попадание (снаряда) разносило вас
|
|||
|
|
кварталами, а рикошет — домами</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">…so that a direct hit would blow you blocks
|
|||
|
|
away and a ricochet would hit you houses</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОТ"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>48</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ægas <oRef/> yssær!</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">благополучного возвращения домой! (<q>найди
|
|||
|
|
невредимый дом!</q>)</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">safe return home! (<q>find an unharmed
|
|||
|
|
home!</q>)</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">dæ <oRef>xæʒar</oRef> fexæla!</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">разрушиться твоему дому!</q>
|
|||
|
|
<note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (бранное
|
|||
|
|
выражение)</note>
|
|||
|
|
<note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (бранное
|
|||
|
|
выражение)</note>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">your house will be ruined!</q>
|
|||
|
|
<note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="comment"> (profanity)</note>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">acy <oRef/> — <oRef>xæʒærtty</oRef> xwyzdær,
|
|||
|
|
ḱī nīcy radda, — <oRef>xæʒærtty</oRef> fyddær</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">этот дом — лучший из домов, (а) кто ничем не
|
|||
|
|
угостит — худший из домов</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">this house is the best of houses, (and) he who
|
|||
|
|
offers nothing is the worst of houses</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">из песни
|
|||
|
|
ребят на пасху</note><note xml:lang="en" type="comment">from the children's Easter
|
|||
|
|
song</note>
|
|||
|
|
<ref type="bibl" target="#src_F."/>
|
|||
|
|
<date>1975</date>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>III 21</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Qaraʒawtæn sæ xærz dykkag <oRef/> ū</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">он — самая близкая родня Карадзаевых</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he's the closest kin to the Karadzaevs</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Нафи"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>41</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mæ <oRef/></quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(ласкательно) </note>
|
|||
|
|
<note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" type="comment">(ласкательно) </note>
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">дорогой мой (<q>мой дом</q>)</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="comment">(caressingly) </note>
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">my dear (<q>my home</q>)</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
|
|||
|
|
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">avdænæ æd suvællon raxæssuncæ i watæj
|
|||
|
|
<oRef>xæʒaræmæ</oRef></quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">колыбель c ребенком переносят из спальни в
|
|||
|
|
<oRef>хадзар</oRef></q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the baby's cradle is moved from the bedroom to
|
|||
|
|
the <oRef>khadzar</oRef></q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Диг._сказ."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>59</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
|
|||
|
|
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">nur ba alke æ <oRef>xæʒaræ</oRef>
|
|||
|
|
baagoræd</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">теперь каждый пусть отправляется домой
|
|||
|
|
(<q>…ищет свой дом</q>)</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">now let everyone go home (<q>…looking for their
|
|||
|
|
home</q>)</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>II 132</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
|
|||
|
|
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ǧæzdug æfsnajd Cærugti
|
|||
|
|
<oRef>xæʒaræ</oRef></quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">богато обставленный <oRef>хадзар</oRef>
|
|||
|
|
Царуговых</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the Tsarugovs’ lavishly furnished
|
|||
|
|
<oRef>khadzar</oRef></q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Gurdž._Æduli"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>71</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
</exampleGrp>
|
|||
|
|
<etym xml:lang="ru">Это важное культурное слово не имеет до сих пор вполне бесспорной
|
|||
|
|
этимологии. <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Шегрен"/>
|
|||
|
|
(<biblScope>168</biblScope>)</bibl> производил от <mentioned xml:lang="ar"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>ḥiẓar</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>ограда</q></gloss></mentioned>. <bibl>Вс. <author>Миллер</author> (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">ОЭ</ref>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>II 112</biblScope>)</bibl>, приняв, очевидно, этимологию
|
|||
|
|
<name>Шегрена</name>, безоговорочно снабжает слово <oRef/> пометкой <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">арабск.</q>. Сомнительно, если учесть, что другие
|
|||
|
|
относящиеся к жилищу термины отмечены чертами большой древности — <ref type="xr" target="#entry_dwar"><w>dwar</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>дверь</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_rūʒyng"><w>rūʒyng</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>окно</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sīs_1"><w>sīs</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>стена</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_asīn"><w>asīn</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>лестница</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_skʼæt"><w>sk’æt</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>хлев</q></gloss></ref>, — тогда как арабизмы вошли в осетинский язык только в
|
|||
|
|
новое время вместе с исламом. В осетинском языке нет арабизмов, которые не встречались бы
|
|||
|
|
у мусульманских народов Кавказа. Между тем <mentioned xml:lang="ar"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>ḥiẓar</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss>в значении <q>дом</q></gloss></mentioned> и т. п. мы у них не находим. Позднее
|
|||
|
|
<bibl>Вс. <author>Миллер</author> (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_IF"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>21, стр. 333</biblScope>)</bibl> предложил новую этимологию: <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes"><mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>xæʒar</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>Haus</q></gloss></mentioned> scheint ein Kompositum zu sein aus <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>xæ</w></mentioned> = <mentioned xml:lang="iir"><lang>ar.</lang>
|
|||
|
|
<w>sva</w></mentioned>, vgl. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_8xædæg"><w>xædæg</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>selbst</q></gloss></ref>, <mentioned xml:lang="iir"><lang>ar.</lang>
|
|||
|
|
<w>svataka</w></mentioned>, und <ref type="xr" target="#entry_car"><w>car</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>Dach</q></gloss></ref>, wobei <c>c</c> zwischen Sonanten in <c>ʒ</c>
|
|||
|
|
übergegangen ist; <oRef>xæʒar</oRef> wäre ursprünglich <gloss><q>eignes
|
|||
|
|
Dach</q></gloss></q>. Этимологию Вс. <name>Миллера</name> повторяет
|
|||
|
|
<bibl><author>Benveniste</author> (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Benveniste._Etudes">Études</ref>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>111</biblScope>)</bibl>: <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">toit (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_car"><w>car</w></ref>) propre (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_xæd-"><w>xæ</w></ref>)</q>. Однако в дигорском ожидали бы <w type="rec">xwæʒar</w>. Альтернативное <w type="rec">xæd-car</w> дало бы <w type="rec">xæʒʒar</w>,
|
|||
|
|
как <w>xæd-cu</w> дало <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xædʒū"><w>xæʒʒu</w></ref>, а не <w type="rec">xæʒu</w>. <name>Bailey</name> в рецензии на книгу <name>Benveniste</name>’а
|
|||
|
|
(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_JRAS"/>
|
|||
|
|
<date>1961</date>, <biblScope>стр. 55</biblScope></bibl>) предпочитает возводить к
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">ha-čara</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>living together</q></gloss></mentioned>. Анаит <name>Периханян</name> (в
|
|||
|
|
письме) допускает, что <oRef/> могло получиться из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">gava-čāra</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">обиталище (<mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>čāra</w></mentioned>) рода, семьи (<mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>gava</w></mentioned>)</q></gloss></mentioned>, и сравнивает <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>go-čara-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>округ</q> = <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">обиталище
|
|||
|
|
рода</q></gloss></mentioned>. Однако переход начального <c>g</c> в <c>x</c> трудно было
|
|||
|
|
бы поддержать хоть одним надежным примером. Эта же трудность возникает при сопоставлении
|
|||
|
|
<oRef/> с <mentioned xml:lang="mn"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>γazar</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>земля, область, пространство</q></gloss>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="comment">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Lessing"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>355</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, хотя семантическое
|
|||
|
|
расхождение (<q>пространство</q> — <q>дом</q>) легко преодолимо, ср. <mentioned xml:lang="got"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>rum</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>пространство</q></gloss></mentioned> — <mentioned xml:lang="en"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>room</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>комната</q></gloss></mentioned>. Этимологии, делящие <oRef>xæ-ʒar</oRef> с
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>car</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>крыша</q></gloss></mentioned> во второй части, остаются предпочтительными:
|
|||
|
|
близость понятий <q>дом</q> и <q>крыша</q> не нуждается в обосновании, ср. <mentioned xml:lang="ga"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tech</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>дом</q></gloss></mentioned> при <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tectum</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>крыша</q></gloss></mentioned>. Вместе с тем соблазнительно видеть в первой
|
|||
|
|
части отзвук хорошо известного <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kata-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>дом</q></gloss></mentioned>, широко заимствованного в другие языки
|
|||
|
|
(<mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="uk"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>хата</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sh"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kôt</w></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="kca"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>xāt</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kca"><w>xot</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kca"><w>kat</w></mentioned></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>ház</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fi"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kota</w></mentioned> и др.: <note type="comment"><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Jacobsohn"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>203, прим. 2</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Joki"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>Uul 272</biblScope></bibl></note></mentioned>): <oRef/> из <w type="rec">xætcar</w> ← <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">kata-čāra</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">жилое помещение</q></gloss></mentioned>, в
|
|||
|
|
отличие от <ref type="xr" target="#entry_skʼæt"><w>sk’æt</w><note type="comment"> ←
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>*fšu-kata</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">помещение для скота</q>,
|
|||
|
|
<q>хлев</q></gloss></mentioned></note></ref>. — Есть ли какие-либо данные, чтобы
|
|||
|
|
судить о древности слова <oRef/>? У Гесихия между прочим читаем: <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes"><mentioned xml:lang="grc"><s>Καραρύες οἱ Σκύθικοὶ οἶκοι.
|
|||
|
|
ἔνιοι δὲ τὰς χατήρεις ἁμάξας</s></mentioned></q>. Форма <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><w>καραρύες</w></mentioned> по своему звуковому облику совершенно неправдоподобна для
|
|||
|
|
скифского. Вполне возможно, что мы имеем ошибочное написание вместо <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><w>καζαρύες</w></mentioned>. Если так, то скифские дома-повозки уже
|
|||
|
|
носили название <w type="rec">kaʒar-</w> (<w type="rec">kacar-</w>). Об этих движущихся
|
|||
|
|
жилищах см.: <bibl><author>Геродот</author>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>IV 46, 114, 121</biblScope></bibl>. — Стационарные дома были у
|
|||
|
|
скифов-пахарей. <quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Преобладающий тип построек —
|
|||
|
|
каменные длинные дома, разделенные на несколько комнат… Отопление — простые
|
|||
|
|
глинобитные очаги</q> (<bibl><author>Граков</author>
|
|||
|
|
<title>Скифы</title>. <pubPlace>М.</pubPlace>, <date>1971</date>, <biblScope>стр.
|
|||
|
|
61</biblScope></bibl>)</quote>. Случайно ли созвучие <oRef/> с <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="srh"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kacūr</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kicār</w></mentioned>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>очаг</q></gloss>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="comment">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Shaw"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>107, 122, 216, 223</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>? — Из
|
|||
|
|
относящейся к жилищу лексики см. еще <ref type="xr" target="#entry_mæsyg"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_gænax"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_skʼæt"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wat"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼæbic"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_dwar"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_rūʒyng"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sīs_1"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼæsær"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tarvaz"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_asīn"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fīsyn"/>.</etym>
|
|||
|
|
<etym xml:lang="en">This important cultural word has not hitherto a quite undisputed
|
|||
|
|
etymology. <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Шегрен"/>
|
|||
|
|
(<biblScope>168</biblScope>)</bibl> derived it from <mentioned xml:lang="ar"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>ḥiẓar</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>fence</q></gloss></mentioned>. <bibl>Ws. <author>Miller</author> (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">OÈ</ref>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>II 112</biblScope>)</bibl>, apparently accepting <name>Sjögren</name>’s
|
|||
|
|
etymology, unhesitatingly gives the word <oRef/> the note <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Arab.</q>. It is doubtful, given that other terms
|
|||
|
|
referring to dwellings are marked with features of great antiquity — <ref type="xr" target="#entry_dwar"><w>dwar</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>door</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_rūʒyng"><w>rūʒyng</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>window</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sīs_1"><w>sīs</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>wall</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_asīn"><w>asīn</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>staircase</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_skʼæt"><w>sk’æt</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>stable</q></gloss></ref>, — whereas Arabic loanwords entered Ossetic only in
|
|||
|
|
the new times together with Islam. There are no Arabic loanwords in Ossetic that are not
|
|||
|
|
found in the languages of Muslim peoples of the Caucasus. Meanwhile, we do not find
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="ar"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>ḥiẓar</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss> meaning <q>house</q></gloss></mentioned>, etc. in those languages. Later
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<bibl>Ws. <author>Miller</author> (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_IF"/>
|
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<biblScope>21, p. 333</biblScope>)</bibl> suggested a new etymology: <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes"><mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>xæʒar</w>
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<gloss><q>Haus</q></gloss></mentioned> scheint ein Kompositum zu sein aus <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>xæ</w></mentioned> = <mentioned xml:lang="iir"><lang>ar.</lang>
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<w>sva</w></mentioned>, vgl. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_8xædæg"><w>xædæg</w>
|
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<gloss><q>selbst</q></gloss></ref>, <mentioned xml:lang="iir"><lang>ar.</lang>
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<w>svataka</w></mentioned>, und <ref type="xr" target="#entry_car"><w>car</w>
|
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<gloss><q>Dach</q></gloss></ref>, wobei <c>c</c> zwischen Sonanten in <c>ʒ</c>
|
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übergegangen ist; <oRef>xæʒar</oRef> wäre ursprünglich <gloss><q>eignes
|
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Dach</q></gloss></q>. Ws. <name>Miller</name>’s etymology is repeated by
|
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<bibl><author>Benveniste</author> (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Benveniste._Etudes">Études</ref>
|
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<biblScope>111</biblScope>)</bibl>: <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">toit (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_car"><w>car</w></ref>) propre (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_xæd-"><w>xæ</w></ref>)</q>. However, in Digor one would expect <w type="rec">xwæʒar</w>. The alternative <w type="rec">xæd-car</w> would give <w type="rec">xæʒʒar</w>, just as <w>xæd-cu</w> would give <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xædʒū"><w>xæʒʒu</w></ref>, not <w type="rec">xæʒu</w>.
|
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<name>Bailey</name> in his review of <name>Benveniste</name>’s book (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_JRAS"/>
|
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<date>1961</date>, <biblScope>p. 55</biblScope></bibl>) prefers to raise the word to
|
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<mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">ha-čara</w>
|
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<gloss><q>living together</q></gloss></mentioned>. Anait <name>Perikhanian</name> (in
|
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|
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letter) admits that <oRef/> could be derived from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">gava-čāra</w>
|
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<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">dwelling (<mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>čāra</w></mentioned>) of the clan, family (<mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>gava</w></mentioned>)</q></gloss></mentioned>, and compares it to <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
|
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<w>go-čara-</w>
|
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<gloss><q>district</q> = <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">dwelling of the
|
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|
|
clan</q></gloss></mentioned>. However, the transition of initial <c>g</c> to <c>x</c>
|
|||
|
|
would be difficult to support with a single reliable example. The same difficulty arises
|
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in comparison with <mentioned xml:lang="mn"><lang/>
|
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|
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<w>γazar</w>
|
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<gloss><q>land, region, space</q></gloss>
|
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|
|
<note type="comment">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Lessing"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>355</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, although the semantic
|
|||
|
|
divergence (<q>space</q> — <q>house</q>) is easily bridged, cf. <mentioned xml:lang="got"><lang/>
|
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|
|
<w>rum</w>
|
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|
|
<gloss><q>space</q></gloss></mentioned> — <mentioned xml:lang="en"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>room</w></mentioned>. The etymologies which share <oRef>xæ-ʒar</oRef> with <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>car</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>roof</q></gloss></mentioned> in the second part remain preferable: the
|
|||
|
|
proximity of the notions <q>house</q> and <q>roof</q> need no justification, cf.
|
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|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="ga"><lang/>
|
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|
|
<w>tech</w>
|
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|
|
<gloss><q>house</q></gloss></mentioned> while <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
|
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|
|
<w>tectum</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>roof</q></gloss></mentioned>. At the same time, it is tempting to see in the
|
|||
|
|
first part an echo of the well-known <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kata-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>house</q></gloss></mentioned>, widely borrowed into other languages
|
|||
|
|
(<mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="uk"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>xata</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sh"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kôt</w></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="kca"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>xāt</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kca"><w>xot</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kca"><w>kat</w></mentioned></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>ház</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fi"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kota</w></mentioned>, etc.: <note type="comment"><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Jacobsohn"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>203, note 2</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Joki"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>Uul 272</biblScope></bibl></note></mentioned>): <oRef/> from <w type="rec">xætcar</w> ← <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">kata-čāra</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">dwelling</q></gloss></mentioned>, in contrast
|
|||
|
|
to <ref type="xr" target="#entry_skʼæt"><w>sk’æt</w><note type="comment"> ← <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>*fšu-kata</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">room for cattle</q>,
|
|||
|
|
<q>stable</q></gloss></mentioned></note></ref>. — Is there any data to evaluate the
|
|||
|
|
antiquity of the word <oRef/>? In Hesychius we read, among other things: <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes"><mentioned xml:lang="grc"><s>Καραρύες οἱ Σκύθικοὶ οἶκοι.
|
|||
|
|
ἔνιοι δὲ τὰς χατήρεις ἁμάξας</s></mentioned></q>. The form <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><w>καραρύες</w></mentioned> by its sound appearance is quite improbable for Scythian.
|
|||
|
|
It is quite possible that we have an erroneous spelling instead of <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><w>καζαρύες</w></mentioned>. If so, the Scythian carriage-houses already
|
|||
|
|
bore the name <w type="rec">kaʒar-</w> (<w type="rec">kacar-</w>). On these moving
|
|||
|
|
dwellings see: <bibl><author>Herodotus</author>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>IV 46, 114, 121</biblScope></bibl>. — The Scythian plowmen had stationary
|
|||
|
|
houses. <quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">The predominant type of construction is
|
|||
|
|
stone long houses divided into several rooms... Heating is simple earthen hearths</q>
|
|||
|
|
(<bibl><author>Grakov</author>
|
|||
|
|
<title>Skify [Scythians]</title>. <pubPlace>Moscow</pubPlace>, <date>1971</date>,
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>p. 61</biblScope></bibl>)</quote>. Is the <oRef/>’s concordance with
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="srh"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kacūr</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kicār</w></mentioned>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>hearth</q></gloss>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="comment">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Shaw"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>107, 122, 216, 223</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned> accidental? —
|
|||
|
|
From the dwelling-related vocabulary see also <ref type="xr" target="#entry_mæsyg"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_gænax"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_skʼæt"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wat"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼæbic"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_dwar"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_rūʒyng"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sīs_1"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼæsær"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tarvaz"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_asīn"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fīsyn"/>.</etym>
|
|||
|
|
</entry>
|
|||
|
|
</body>
|
|||
|
|
</text>
|
|||
|
|
</TEI>
|