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2025-03-21 13:42:40 +03:00
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
<teiHeader>
<fileDesc>
<titleStmt>
<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">xūd</hi></title>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc>
<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
<tagsDecl>
<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
</tagsDecl>
</encodingDesc>
</teiHeader>
<text>
<body>
<entry xml:id="entry_xūd" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="incomplete">
<form xml:id="form_d5801e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>xūd</orth></form>
<form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>xodæ</orth></form>
<sense>
<sense xml:id="sense_d5801e69">
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>шапка</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>hat</q>
</abv:tr>
</sense>
<sense>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>папаха</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>sheepskin hat</q>
</abv:tr>
</sense>
</sense>
<re>
<form type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>nymæt xūd</orth></form>
<form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>bujnag xodæ</orth></form>
<sense>
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">войлочная (фетровая) шляпа</q>
</tr>
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">felt hat</q>
</tr>
</sense>
</re>
<re>
<form type="lemma"><orth>wælʒarm xūd</orth></form>
<sense>
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">барашковая шапка</q>
</tr>
<?oxy_comment_start author="jvsin" timestamp="20230614T192157+0300" comment="????"?>
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">lamb wool hat</q>
</tr><?oxy_comment_end ?>
</sense>
</re>
<re xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<form type="lemma"><usg><lang/></usg><orth>cærmin xodæ</orth></form>
<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> id.</note>
<note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> id.</note>
</re>
<re>
<form type="lemma"><orth>xælyn xūd</orth></form>
<sense>
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">шапка из тонкой кожи</q>
</tr>
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">thin leather hat</q>
</tr>
</sense>
</re>
<re>
<form type="lemma"><orth>zǧær xūd</orth></form>
<sense>
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">шлем</q>
</tr>
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">helmet</q>
</tr>
</sense>
</re>
<re>
<form type="lemma"><orth>gamxūd</orth></form>
<sense>
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">шапка-невидимка</q>
</tr>
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">invisible hat</q>
</tr>
</sense>
</re>
<re>
<form type="lemma"><orth>xūdaīstæj</orth></form>
<sense>
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">сняв шапку</q>
</tr>
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">taking off the hat</q>
</tr>
</sense>
<note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ГО"/>
<biblScope>’§ 207<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">6</hi></biblScope></bibl>)</note>
</re>
<re>
<form type="lemma"><orth>xuddag</orth></form>
<sense>
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">материал (мех) на шапку</q>
</tr>
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">material (fur) for a hat</q>
</tr>
</sense>
</re>
<re>
<form type="lemma"><orth>xūdīsæn</orth></form>
<sense>
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">место вблизи святилища, где полагалось снимать
шапку</q>
</tr>
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a place near a sanctuary where one was supposed
to take off the hat</q>
</tr>
</sense>
</re>
<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
<example>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">zærond lægtæ k˳yvtoj..., kæstærtæ sæ
<oRef>xūdtæ</oRef> sīstoj</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">старики произносили молитву, младшие сняли
шапки</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the old people said a prayer, the younger ones
took off their hats</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
<biblScope>236</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">lægtæ næxī k˳y xonæm, <oRef>xūdtæ</oRef> nyl
k˳y īs</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ведь мы называем себя мужчинами, носим
шапки</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">because we call ourselves men, we wear hats</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Брит."/>
<biblScope>112</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(Sadullæ Maniʒæmæ) jæ <oRef>xūdy</oRef> bynæj
sūsægæj kastī</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(Садулла на Манидзу) тайком поглядывал из-под
шапки</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Sadullæ secretly glanced at Maniʒæ from under
his hat</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
<biblScope>78</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">zærond cærmin pixsiltæ xodæ...</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">старая мохнатая барашковая шапка...</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">old furry lamb hat...</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
<biblScope>115</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">æ særbæl ba adtæj zærindag æ bidtæj ǧæst
xodæ</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">на голове ее была украшенная золотой тесьмой
шапка</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">on her head there was a hat adorned with gold
braid</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
<biblScope>1949 II 31</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
</exampleGrp>
<etym xml:lang="ru">Восходит к <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
<w type="rec">xauda-</w></mentioned>. Cp. <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
<w>xōї</w>, <w>xōd</w>
<gloss><q>шлем</q></gloss>
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Фирдоуси</author>
<biblScope>1 <hi rendition="#rend_italic">23</hi>
9</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
<w>xōl</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ydg" extralang="mnj"><lang/>
<w>xūlo</w>, <w>xūlā</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="oru"><lang/>
<w>xōli</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="srh"><lang/>
<w>xauδ</w>, <w>xεwδ</w></mentioned>
<gloss><q>шапка</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="wbl"><lang/>
<w>skiδ</w>
<?oxy_comment_start author="jvsin" timestamp="20230614T190122+0300" comment="можно ли это сделать общим ко всем меншндам?"?><note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._IIFL"/>
<biblScope>II 539</biblScope></bibl>)</note><?oxy_comment_end ?></mentioned>,
<mentioned xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
<w>xud</w>, <w>xut</w>
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Андреев._Ягн."/>
<biblScope>362</biblScope></bibl>)</note>
<gloss><q>тюбетейка</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="peo"><lang/>
<w>xauda-</w>
<note type="comment">в наименовании одного из <lang>скифских</lang> племен <mentioned xml:lang="peo"><phr><w>sakā</w>
<w>tigraxaudā-</w></phr></mentioned></note>
<gloss><q>саки, носящие островерхие шапки</q></gloss></mentioned> (<mentioned xml:lang="peo"><w>tigraxaudā-</w></mentioned> = <mentioned xml:lang="os"><lang/>
<w xml:lang="os-x-iron">cyrǧxūd</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">cirǧxodæ</w></mentioned>),
<mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
<w>xaoδā-</w>
<gloss><q>шапка</q>, <q>шлем</q></gloss></mentioned>. Возможно, следует возводить к
<mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
<w type="rec">(s)keu-</w>
<gloss><q>покрывать</q></gloss>
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
<biblScope>951—953</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Иранские факты
подсказывают вариант <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">(s)kheudh</w></mentioned>. —
Из иранского идут <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
<w>xoir</w>
<gloss><q>диадема</q></gloss>
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Arm._Gr."/>
<biblScope>69</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
<w>kudi</w>
<gloss><q>шапка</q></gloss>
<note type="comment">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._IIFL"/>
<biblScope>II 266</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
<w>khola-</w>
<gloss><q>вид головного убора</q></gloss>
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Mayrhofer"/>
<biblScope>I 312—313</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Вряд ли случайно
созвучие с германской группой: <mentioned xml:lang="ang" extralang="ofs"><lang/>
<w>hōd</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
<w>Hut</w></mentioned> и пр.; вариативность огласовки? К скифо-латинским изоглоссам
следует относить <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
<w>cudo</w>, <note type="comment"><m>-onis</m></note>
<gloss><q>кожаный шлем</q></gloss></mentioned>, как <mentioned xml:lang="la"><w>mustela</w>, <w>Volcānus</w></mentioned> и др. (см.: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_СЕИ"/>
<biblScope>27— 29, 129—131</biblScope></bibl>).<lb/><bibl>Вс. <author>Миллер</author>.
<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">ОЭ</ref>
<biblScope> II 58, 73</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/>
<biblScope>20, 26</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Tomaschek"/>
<biblScope>808</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/>
<biblScope>69</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._PSt.">PSt.</ref>
<biblScope>201</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Arm._Gr.">Arm. Gr.</ref>
<biblScope>160<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">280</hi></biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
<biblScope>53, 86, 360</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Mann"/>
<biblScope>172</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Bailey</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AO">АО</ref>
<date>1966</date>
<biblScope>XXX 27 (к базе <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">(s)k(h)eu-</w></mentioned>)</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
<etym xml:lang="en">Goes back to <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
<w type="rec">xauda-</w></mentioned>. Cf. <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
<w>xōї</w>, <w>xōd</w>
<gloss><q>helmet</q></gloss>
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><bibl xml:lang="en"><author>Ferdowsi</author>
<biblScope>1 <hi rendition="#rend_italic">23</hi>
9</biblScope></bibl></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
<w>xōl</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ydg" extralang="mnj"><lang/>
<w>xūlo</w>, <w>xūlā</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="oru"><lang/>
<w>xōli</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="srh"><lang/>
<w>xauδ</w>, <w>xεwδ</w></mentioned>
<gloss><q>hat</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="wbl"><lang/>
<w>skiδ</w>
<?oxy_comment_start author="jvsin" timestamp="20230614T190122+0300" comment="можно ли это сделать общим ко всем меншндам?"?><note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._IIFL"/>
<biblScope>II 539</biblScope></bibl>)</note><?oxy_comment_end ?></mentioned>,
<mentioned xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
<w>xud</w>, <w>xut</w>
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Андреев._Ягн."/>
<biblScope>362</biblScope></bibl>)</note>
<gloss><q>skullcap</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="peo"><lang/>
<w>xauda-</w>
<note type="comment">in the name of one of the <lang>Scythian</lang> tribes <mentioned xml:lang="peo"><phr><w>sakā</w>
<w>tigraxaudā-</w></phr></mentioned></note>
<gloss><q>Sakas wearing pointed hats</q></gloss></mentioned> (<mentioned xml:lang="peo"><w>tigraxaudā-</w></mentioned> = <mentioned xml:lang="os"><lang/>
<w xml:lang="os-x-iron">cyrǧxūd</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">cirǧxodæ</w></mentioned>),
<mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
<w>xaoδā-</w>
<gloss><q>hat</q>, <q>helmet</q></gloss></mentioned>. Perhaps it should go back to
<mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
<w type="rec">(s)keu-</w>
<gloss><q>cover</q></gloss>
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
<biblScope>951—953</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Iranian facts suggest an
option <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">(s)kheudh</w></mentioned>. — The following
words come from Iranina: <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
<w>xoir</w>
<gloss><q>diadem</q></gloss>
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Arm._Gr."/>
<biblScope>69</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
<w>kudi</w>
<gloss><q>hat</q></gloss>
<note type="comment">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._IIFL"/>
<biblScope>II 266</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
<w>khola-</w>
<gloss><q>type of headgear</q></gloss>
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Mayrhofer"/>
<biblScope>I 312—313</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. It is hardly an
accident that there is consonance with the German group: <mentioned xml:lang="ang" extralang="ofs"><lang/>
<w>hōd</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
<w>Hut</w></mentioned> etc.; a variant of vocalization? The Scytho-Latin isoglosses
should include <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
<w>cudo</w>, <note type="comment"><m>-onis</m></note>
<gloss><q>leather helmet</q></gloss></mentioned>, as <mentioned xml:lang="la"><w>mustela</w>, <w>Volcānus</w></mentioned> etc. (see: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_СЕИ"/>
<biblScope>27— 29, 129—131</biblScope></bibl>).<lb/><bibl>Ws. <author>Miller</author>.
<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">OE</ref>
<biblScope> II 58, 73</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/>
<biblScope>20, 26</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Tomaschek"/>
<biblScope>808</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/>
<biblScope>69</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._PSt.">PSt.</ref>
<biblScope>201</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Arm._Gr.">Arm. Gr.</ref>
<biblScope>160<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">280</hi></biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
<biblScope>53, 86, 360</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Mann"/>
<biblScope>172</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Bailey</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AO">АО</ref>
<date>1966</date>
<biblScope>XXX 27 (to the stem <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">(s)k(h)eu-</w></mentioned>)</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
</entry>
</body>
</text>
</TEI>
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