358 lines
19 KiB
XML
358 lines
19 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">xafyn</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_xafyn" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="incomplete">
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<form xml:id="form_d4534e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>xafyn</orth><form type="participle"><orth>xaft</orth></form></form>
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<form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>xafun</orth><form type="participle"><orth>xaft</orth></form></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d4534e69">
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>тереть</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>to rub</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>скрести</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>to scrape</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>скоблить</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>to plane</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>драть</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>to tear</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> образно также </note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> metaphorically also </note>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>хапать</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>to grab</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>красть</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>to steal</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>xafyna</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ворюга</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">thief</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>хапуга</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>grabber</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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<note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/></bibl>)</note>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>nyxxafyn</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">разорить</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">to bring to ruin</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>истребить</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>to destroy</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>xafæn</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">скребло</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> scraping knife</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>скребок</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>scraper</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>aryngxafæn</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">лопаточка для очистки мучного корыта</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">small spade for cleaning a flour trough</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>bæxxafæn</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">скребница для лошади</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">scrubbing brush for a horse</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>cærxafæn</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">скребок для очистки шкуры перед дублением</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">scraper for cleaning a skin before tanning</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (из <w>carm-xafæn</w>, см. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_carm"/>)</note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (from <w>carm-xafæn</w>, see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_carm"/>)</note>
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</re>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">īskæj ḱʼīzītæ <oRef>xafyn</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">скоблить чужую грязь</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">to scrape someone's mud</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Брит."/>
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<biblScope>138</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">saw fyr jæ fæxsyn wæǧd yzmæld bakodta æmæ
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kawyl jæ sytæ <oRef>xafgæ</oRef> racyd</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">черный баран слегка шевельнул курдюком и пошел,
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потираясь рогами о плетень</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a black ram moved its fatty tail slightly and
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went, rubbing his horns on a wattle</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_F."/>
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<date>1956</date>
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<biblScope>V 8</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">xūr jæxī zæxxyl <oRef>xafta</oRef>, axæm bon
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yskodta</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">солнце терлось о землю (ярко светило), такой
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выдался день</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the sun rubbed on the ground (shined brightly),
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it was that kind of a day</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/>
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<biblScope>85</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">kærʒyngænæg aryng aryngxafænæj
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<oRef>raxafy</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">пекущая хлеб (женщина) скребет мучное корыто
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лопаточкой</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a baking bread (woman) scrapes a flour trough
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with a spade</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_F."/>
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<date>1969</date>
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<biblScope>I 79</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">buntæj buntæmæ <oRef>nixxafæ</oRef> du eci
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sinon, Poco</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">до самого дна хапни (выпей) этот кубок,
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Поцо</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">grab (drihk) this goblet to the very bottom,
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Potso</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
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<biblScope>97</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">cæj tuxxæj <oRef>nixxafta</oRef> bijnontæj ke
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nijjafta oni?</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">за что истребил он тех из домочадцев, кого
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застал?</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">for which did he destroyed people of the
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household that he found?</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Bes._Ka_ke"/>
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<biblScope>91</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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</exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">В глаголе <oRef/> (так же как в <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wafyn"><w>wafyn</w>
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<gloss><q>ткать</q></gloss></ref>) фонему <c>f</c> следует возводить к <c>bh</c>, имея в
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виду индоевропейскую базу <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w type="rec">(s)kābh-</w></mentioned>
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(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
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<biblScope>931</biblScope></bibl>). С семантической стороны всего ближе стоят
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европейские соответствия: <mentioned xml:lang="non"><lang/>
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<w>skafa</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ang"><lang/>
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<w>scafan</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="got"><lang/>
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<w>skaban</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="goh"><lang/>
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<w>scaban</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
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<w>schaben</w>
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|
|
<gloss><q>тереть</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>скрести</q></gloss>,
|
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|
|
<gloss><q>скоблить</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="non"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>skafa</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>скребло</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>skabýti</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>рвать</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>обрывать</q></gloss>, <w>skõbti</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss>рвать’</gloss>, <gloss><q>драть</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>скоблить</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>scabo</w>, <w>scabere</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>скрести</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>чесать</q></gloss></mentioned>. Дальше по
|
|||
|
|
значению стоят <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kāftan</w>, <w>šikāftan</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>škāftan</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xpr"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kāf-</w></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Ghilain"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>72</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w type="rec">kāf-</w> (<w>kʼβ-</w>) <gloss><q>раскалывать</q></gloss></mentioned>
|
|||
|
|
(<bibl><author>Benveniste</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_TSP"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>234</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="yah"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>xaf-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>мыть голову</q></gloss> (<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">скрести</q></gloss>)</mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Эдельман._Язг."/>, <biblScope>текст II 3</biblScope></bibl>). Близкие по звучанию и значению слова в
|
|||
|
|
неродственных языках наводят на мысль о звукоизобразительной природе. Ср. <mentioned xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kapar-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>скрести</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>скоблить</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fi"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kaapata</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kap-</w> (<w>qap-</w>) <gloss><q>хватать</q></gloss> (руками, зубами)</mentioned>. В
|
|||
|
|
этом случае сюда же <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>chapati</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>хапать</w></mentioned>. Общеиндоевропейскую базу <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">xā̌b(h)-</w>, <w type="rec">xā̌p-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>хватать</q></gloss></mentioned> и пр. восстанавливает
|
|||
|
|
<bibl><author>Merlingen</author> (<title>Idg. X: Die Sprache</title>
|
|||
|
|
<date>1958</date>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>IV 54—55</biblScope></bibl>).</etym>
|
|||
|
|
<etym xml:lang="en">In the verb <oRef/> (just as in <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wafyn"><w>wafyn</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>to weave</q></gloss></ref>) one should trace the phoneme <c>f</c> back to
|
|||
|
|
<c>bh</c>, concerning the Indo-European base <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w type="rec">(s)kābh-</w></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>931</biblScope></bibl>). From the semantic side the closest are European
|
|||
|
|
correspondences: <mentioned xml:lang="non"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>skafa</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ang"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>scafan</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="got"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>skaban</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="goh"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>scaban</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>schaben</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>to rub</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>to scrape</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>to
|
|||
|
|
plane</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="non"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>skafa</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>scraper</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>skabýti</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>to tear</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>to break off</q></gloss>, <w>skõbti</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss>to tear</gloss>, <gloss><q>to rip</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>skoblit'</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>scabo</w>, <w>scabere</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>to scrape</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>to scratch</q></gloss></mentioned>. Further
|
|||
|
|
in meaning are <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kāftan</w>, <w>šikāftan</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>škāftan</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xpr"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kāf-</w></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Ghilain"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>72</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w type="rec">kāf-</w> (<w>kʼβ-</w>) <gloss><q>to split</q></gloss></mentioned>
|
|||
|
|
(<bibl><author>Benveniste</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_TSP"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>234</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="yah"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>xaf-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>to wash a head</q></gloss> (<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">to
|
|||
|
|
rub</q></gloss>)</mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Эдельман._Язг."/>,
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>text II 3</biblScope></bibl>). Phonetically and semantically close words in
|
|||
|
|
unrelated languages bring to mind that these words may have an ideophonic nature. Cf.
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kapar-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>to rub</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>to scrape</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fi"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kaapata</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kap-</w> (<w>qap-</w>) <gloss><q>to grab</q></gloss> (with hands, with
|
|||
|
|
teeth)</mentioned>. In this case, one should also mention <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>chapati</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>xapat'</w></mentioned>. The common Indo-European base <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">xā̌b(h)-</w>, <w type="rec">xā̌p-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>to grab</q></gloss></mentioned>, etc. is reconstructed by
|
|||
|
|
<bibl><author>Merlingen</author> (<title>Idg. X: Die Sprache</title>
|
|||
|
|
<date>1958</date>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>IV 54—55</biblScope></bibl>).</etym>
|
|||
|
|
</entry>
|
|||
|
|
</body>
|
|||
|
|
</text>
|
|||
|
|
</TEI>
|