379 lines
31 KiB
XML
379 lines
31 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">yssæʒ</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_yssæʒ" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="incomplete">
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<form xml:id="form_d5002e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>yssæʒ</orth></form>
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<form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>insæj</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d5002e69">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>двадцать</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>twenty</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">. Служит единицей счета: <mentioned xml:lang="os"><phr><w>æstdæs</w>
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<w>æmæ</w>
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<oRef>‘ssæʒ</oRef></phr>
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<gloss><q>38</q></gloss>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">восемнадцать и двадцать</q></gloss>)</note><note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">восемнадцать и
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двадцать</q></gloss>)</note></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_dywwisæʒy"/>
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<gloss><q>40</q></gloss> (<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">две
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двадцадки</q></gloss>), <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>ærtissæʒy</w>
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<gloss><q>60</q></gloss> (<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">три
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двадцадки</q></gloss>)</mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cypparyssæʒy"/>
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<gloss><q>80</q></gloss> (<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">четыре
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двадцадки</q></gloss>), <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fonʒyssæʒy"/> (рядом с <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sædæ"/>) <gloss><q>100</q></gloss> (<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">пять двадцадок</q></gloss>), <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>xsæzyssæʒy</w>
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<gloss><q>120</q></gloss> (<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">шесть
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двадцадок</q></gloss>)</mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>dywwadæsyssæʒy</w>
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<gloss><q>240</q></gloss> (<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">двенадцать
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двадцадок</q></gloss>)</mentioned> и т. д.</note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">. Serves as a tally: <mentioned xml:lang="os"><phr><w>æstdæs</w>
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<w>æmæ</w>
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<oRef>‘ssæʒ</oRef></phr>
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<gloss><q>38</q></gloss>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">восемнадцать и двадцать</q></gloss>)</note><note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">eighteen and
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twenty</q></gloss>)</note></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_dywwisæʒy"/>
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<gloss><q>40</q></gloss> (<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">two
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twenty</q></gloss>), <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>ærtissæʒy</w>
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<gloss><q>60</q></gloss> (<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">three
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twenty</q></gloss>)</mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cypparyssæʒy"/>
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<gloss><q>80</q></gloss> (<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">four
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twenty</q></gloss>), <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fonʒyssæʒy"/> (near <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sædæ"/>) <gloss><q>100</q></gloss> (<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">five twenty</q></gloss>), <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>xsæzyssæʒy</w>
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<gloss><q>120</q></gloss> (<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">six
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twenty</q></gloss>)</mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>dywwadæsyssæʒy</w>
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<gloss><q>240</q></gloss> (<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">twelve
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twenty</q></gloss>)</mentioned> etc.</note>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>æssæʒæm</orth></form>
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<form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>insæjmag</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">двадцатый</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">twentieth</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>yssæʒ</oRef> azmæ azgaj æxx˳yrsty
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cydtæn</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">до двадцати лет я из года в год ходил в
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батраках</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I worked as a farmhand from year to year until
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I was twenty</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
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<biblScope>57</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Tūǧanyl <oRef>yssæʒ</oRef> azy acyd</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Тугану исполнилось двадцать лет</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Tugan turned twenty years old</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
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<biblScope>94</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Zarbeg iræd dæs æmæ <oRef>‘ssæʒ</oRef> tūmany
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radta</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Зарбег отдал калым тридцать туманов (300
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рублей)</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Zarbeg gave thirty tomans (300 rubles) as a
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dowry</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
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<biblScope>67</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">īw æmæ ‘ssæʒ tūmany jeddæmæ mæm næj</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">у меня только 21 туман (210 рублей)</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I have only 21 toman (210 rubles)</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ИАА"/>
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<biblScope>II 253</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">kæfy g˳ybyny razynd dywwadæsyssæʒ k‘ūxǵyn
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cyraǧdaræny</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">во чреве рыбы оказалось 240 подсвечников с
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ручками</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">there were 240 candlesticks with handles in the
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belly of the fish</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
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<biblScope>IV 16</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Asægo... dæs æma <oRef>insæj</oRef> ivazi æ
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dærǧcæ kæmæn adtæj wæxæn bælasæ æd buntæ ‘studta</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Асаго вырвал с корнями дерево высотой в
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тридцать саженей</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Asægo uprooted a tree thirty fathoms high</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/>
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<biblScope>2<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">14—15</hi></biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Digori ældærttæ radʒænæncæ æxsæz
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<oRef>insæj</oRef> lægi</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">дигорские алдары выставят сто двадцать человек
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(воинов)</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Digor Aldars will field one hundred and twenty
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people (warriors)</q>
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</tr>
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</example>
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</exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Восходит к <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>*winsati</w></mentioned> (рядом
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с <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>*wisati</w></mentioned>). Конечный <c xml:lang="os-x-iron">-ʒ</c><c xml:lang="os-x-digor">-j</c> из <c>-ti</c>, как в <ref type="xr" target="#entry_k0yʒ"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">k˳yʒ</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">kuj</w>
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<gloss><q>собака</q></gloss></ref> из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>*kuti</w></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7fsonʒ"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">fsonʒ</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">æfsoj</w>
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<gloss><q>ярмо</q></gloss></ref> из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>*spanti</w></mentioned>
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etc. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
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<biblScope>374</biblScope></bibl>). Ср. <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>bīst</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa-x-dial"><lang>(диал.)</lang>
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<w>vīst</w>, <w>vīsta</w>, <w>vissa</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
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<w>met</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
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<note type="comment">(из <lang>перс.</lang>)</note>
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<w>bīst</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
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<w>gīst</w>
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<note type="comment">(рядом c <w>bīst</w>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
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<w>wīšt</w>
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<note type="comment">(рядом c <w>šil</w>:</note></mentioned>
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<note type="comment"><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._EVP"/>
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<biblScope>73</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
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<note type="comment">(из <lang>тадж.</lang>)</note>
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<w>bīst</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="wbl"><lang/>
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<w>wist</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sgy"><lang/>
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<w>wīšt</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ydg"><lang/>
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<w>wisto</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
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<note type="comment">(из <lang>тадж.</lang>)</note>
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<w>bist</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
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<w>bistä</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xco"><lang/>
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<w>ʼwsyc-</w>, <w type="rec">ūsēc</w>
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</mentioned>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Henning</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AI"/>
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<biblScope>XV 495</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>visaiti-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>viṁśati-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
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<w>viginti</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang>гр.</lang>
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<w>εἴkosi</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">wikṃti</w></mentioned>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
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<biblScope>1177</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Наличие носового в первом
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слоге сближает осетинскую форму с древнеиндийской и противопоставляет всем остальным.
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Этому любопытному факту даются разные объяснения (см.: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Mayrhofer"/>
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<biblScope>III 199—200</biblScope></bibl>). Наиболее убедительным представляется мнение
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<name>Henning</name>’a, coгласно которому осетинская и древнеиндийская формы обе
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восходят к более архаичному прототипу <w type="rec">wi-dkṃ-ti</w> (<w type="rec">widkṃti</w> → <w type="rec">winkṃti</w>). Примечательно скифское (или сарматское) имя
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из Ольвии <mentioned xml:lang="xsc" extralang="x-sarm"><w>Ἰνσαζαγος</w></mentioned> =
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<mentioned xml:lang="os"><lang>ос.</lang>
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<w type="rec">insæʒæg</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Vicentius</q></gloss></mentioned>. — В
|
|||
|
|
общеиранском (и общеиндоевронейском) господствовала десятичная система счета. В осетинском
|
|||
|
|
она вытеснена двадцатичиой, идущей из кавказского субстрата. Двадцатичный счет мы находим
|
|||
|
|
в картвельских языках (например, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>sarn-oci</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>60</q></gloss> = <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">три
|
|||
|
|
двадцатки</q></gloss>)</mentioned>, в чеченском (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Мациев"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>588</biblScope></bibl>), в большинстве дагестанских (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Хайдаков"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>116</biblScope></bibl>). Иранский десятичный счет удержался в дигорском, в
|
|||
|
|
пастушеской практике (при счете овец) и был усвоен также в балкарский; см. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7rtyn"><w>rtyn</w></ref>, <mentioned xml:lang="os-x-digor"><w>cuppor</w></mentioned> и <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cyppūrs"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fænʒaj"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æxsaj"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ævdaj"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æstaj"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_næwæʒ"/>. Двадцатичный счет частично <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">прорывается</q> наружу и в некоторых других иранских и индоевропейских языках, и везде
|
|||
|
|
его следует связать с доиранским и доиндоевропейским субстратом соответствующих регионов.
|
|||
|
|
Двадцатичный счет господствует в языке идга (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._IIFL"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>II 125</biblScope></bibl>), но отмечается также в язгулемском (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Эдельман._Язг."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>33</biblScope></bibl>), некоторых белуджских говорах (например, <mentioned xml:lang="x-balochi"><w>sai-gist</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>60</q></gloss></mentioned> и др.), в пограничных индоиранских языках
|
|||
|
|
(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_GIPh."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>I <hi rendition="#rend_italic">2</hi> 240, 317</biblScope></bibl>. —
|
|||
|
|
<bibl><author>Розенбeрг</author>. <title>Материалы по двадцатичному счету</title>.
|
|||
|
|
<?oxy_comment_start author="jvsin" timestamp="20230509T184510+0300" comment="???"?>В
|
|||
|
|
сб.: <?oxy_comment_end ?><title>Языковедные проблемы по числительным</title>,
|
|||
|
|
<pubPlace>Л.</pubPlace>, <biblScope>1927</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._IIFL"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>II 60*— 61* s. v. <w>twenty</w></biblScope></bibl>). Высказывалось мнение,
|
|||
|
|
что <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>dävīst</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>200</q></gloss></mentioned> следует возводить не к
|
|||
|
|
<?oxy_comment_start author="jvsin" timestamp="20230509T184825+0300" comment="иран?"?><mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">dvai-satəm</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">две
|
|||
|
|
сотни</q></gloss></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?>, а к
|
|||
|
|
<?oxy_comment_start author="jvsin" timestamp="20230509T184834+0300" comment="иран? перс?"?><mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">dah-vīst</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">десять
|
|||
|
|
двадцаток</q></gloss></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?>, тогда как <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">dvai-satəm</w></mentioned> закономерно дало <w>dū sad</w> (<bibl>Б. В.
|
|||
|
|
<author>Миллер</author>. <title>Анализ персидского числительного <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><w>devīst</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>двести</q></gloss></mentioned></title>. Яф. сб. <date>1932</date>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>VII 57</biblScope></bibl>). Сходную картину дают другие индоевропейские
|
|||
|
|
языки. В кельтском, как в осетинском, двадцатичный счет победил. Но он оставил след также
|
|||
|
|
во французском (<mentioned xml:lang="fr"><w>quatre-vingt</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>80</q></gloss></mentioned>), португальском, итальянском, датском,
|
|||
|
|
народноанглийском (<mentioned xml:lang="en"><w>four-score</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>80</q></gloss></mentioned>), албанском, некоторых армянских диалектах
|
|||
|
|
(мокском). См.: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Schrader"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>II 671—672</biblScope></bibl>.<lb/><bibl>Вс. <author>Миллер</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">ОЭ</ref>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>II 95, 106, III 80</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>48</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>41</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>22, 39—40, 188, 203, 207, 214</biblScope></bibl>. —
|
|||
|
|
<bibl><author>Benveniste</author>, <title>Asiatica</title>, <publisher>Festschrift
|
|||
|
|
Weller</publisher>, <date>1954</date>, <biblScope>стр. 30</biblScope></bibl>. —
|
|||
|
|
<bibl><author>Szemerényi</author>. <title>Studies in the IE system of
|
|||
|
|
Numerals</title>. <pubPlace>Heidelberg</pubPlace>, <date>1960</date>, <biblScope>стр.
|
|||
|
|
53—56</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Henning</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AION"/>
|
|||
|
|
<date>1965</date>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>VI 43, nota 3</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Барроу</author>.
|
|||
|
|
<title>Санскрит</title>. <pubPlace>M.</pubPlace>, <date>1976</date>, <biblScope>стр.
|
|||
|
|
245</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Mayrhofer"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>III 200</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
|
|||
|
|
<etym xml:lang="en">Goes back to <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>*winsati</w></mentioned> (near
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>*wisati</w></mentioned>). Final <c xml:lang="os-x-iron">-ʒ</c><c xml:lang="os-x-digor">-j</c> from <c>-ti</c>, as in <ref type="xr" target="#entry_k0yʒ"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">k˳yʒ</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">kuj</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>dog</q></gloss></ref> from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>*kuti</w></mentioned>,
|
|||
|
|
<ref type="xr" target="#entry_7fsonʒ"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">fsonʒ</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">æfsoj</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>oxbow</q></gloss></ref> from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>*spanti</w></mentioned> etc. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>374</biblScope></bibl>). Cf. <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>bīst</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa-x-dial"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>vīst</w>, <w>vīsta</w>, <w>vissa</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>met</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="comment">(from <lang>Persian</lang>)</note>
|
|||
|
|
<w>bīst</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>gīst</w>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="comment">(near <w>bīst</w>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>wīšt</w>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="comment">(near <w>šil</w>:</note></mentioned>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="comment"><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._EVP"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>73</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="comment">(from <lang>Tajik</lang>)</note>
|
|||
|
|
<w>bīst</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="wbl"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>wist</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sgy"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>wīšt</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ydg"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>wisto</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="comment">(from <lang>Tajik</lang>)</note>
|
|||
|
|
<w>bist</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>bistä</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xco"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>ʼwsyc-</w>, <w type="rec">ūsēc</w>
|
|||
|
|
</mentioned>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Henning</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AI"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>XV 495</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>visaiti-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>viṁśati-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>viginti</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang>гр.</lang>
|
|||
|
|
<w>εἴkosi</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w type="rec">wikṃti</w></mentioned>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>1177</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. The presence of a nasal in
|
|||
|
|
the first syllable brings the Ossetic form closer to the ancient Indian one and contrasts
|
|||
|
|
it with all the others. There are various explanations for this curious fact (see:
|
|||
|
|
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Mayrhofer"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>III 199—200</biblScope></bibl>). The most convincing is
|
|||
|
|
<name>Henning</name>’s opinion, according to which the Ossetic and ancient Indian forms
|
|||
|
|
both go back to a more archaic prototype <w type="rec">wi-dkṃ-ti</w> (<w type="rec">widkṃti</w> → <w type="rec">winkṃti</w>). Notably Scythian (or Sarmatian) name from
|
|||
|
|
Olbia <mentioned xml:lang="xsc" extralang="x-sarm"><w>Ἰνσαζαγος</w></mentioned> =
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="os"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w type="rec">insæʒæg</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Vicentius</q></gloss></mentioned>. — The common
|
|||
|
|
Iranian (and common Indo-European) was dominated by the decimal system of counting. In
|
|||
|
|
Ossetic, it is displaced by twenty, coming from the Caucasian substrate. We find the
|
|||
|
|
vigesimal count in the Kartvelian languages (for example, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>sarn-oci</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>60</q></gloss> = <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">three
|
|||
|
|
twenty</q></gloss>)</mentioned>, in Chechen (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Мациев"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>588</biblScope></bibl>), in most Dagestan languages (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Хайдаков"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>116</biblScope></bibl>). The Iranian decimal count was retained in Digor, in
|
|||
|
|
shepherd practice (when counting sheep) and was also assimilated into Balkar; see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7rtyn"><w>rtyn</w></ref>, <mentioned xml:lang="os-x-digor"><w>cuppor</w></mentioned> and <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cyppūrs"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fænʒaj"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æxsaj"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ævdaj"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æstaj"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_næwæʒ"/>. The vigesimal count partially breaks out in some
|
|||
|
|
other Iranian and Indo-European languages, and everywhere it should be associated with the
|
|||
|
|
pre-Iranian and pre-Indo-European substratum of the respective regions. The twenties
|
|||
|
|
account dominates in the Idga language (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._IIFL"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>II 125</biblScope></bibl>), but is also noted in Yazgulyami (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Эдельман._Язг."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>33</biblScope></bibl>), some Balochi dialects (for example, <mentioned xml:lang="x-balochi"><w>sai-gist</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>60</q></gloss></mentioned> etc.), and in the border Indo-Iranian languages
|
|||
|
|
(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_GIPh."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>I <hi rendition="#rend_italic">2</hi> 240, 317</biblScope></bibl>. —
|
|||
|
|
<bibl><author>Rozenberg</author>. <title>Materialy po dvadcatičnomu sčetu</title>. In
|
|||
|
|
the
|
|||
|
|
collection<?oxy_comment_start author="jvsin" timestamp="20230509T184510+0300" comment="???"?>.:
|
|||
|
|
<?oxy_comment_end ?><title>Jazykovednye problemy po čislitelʼnym</title>,
|
|||
|
|
<pubPlace>Leningrad</pubPlace>, <biblScope>1927</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._IIFL"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>II 60*— 61* s. v. <w>twenty</w></biblScope></bibl>). The opinion was
|
|||
|
|
expressed that <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>dävīst</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>200</q></gloss></mentioned> should not be trace back to
|
|||
|
|
<?oxy_comment_start author="jvsin" timestamp="20230509T184825+0300" comment="иран?"?><mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">dvai-satəm</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">twoo
|
|||
|
|
hundreds</q></gloss></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?>, but to
|
|||
|
|
<?oxy_comment_start author="jvsin" timestamp="20230509T184834+0300" comment="иран? перс?"?><mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">dah-vīst</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">ten
|
|||
|
|
twenty</q></gloss></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?>, whereas <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">dvai-satəm</w></mentioned> regularly gave <w>dū sad</w> (<bibl>B. V.
|
|||
|
|
<author>Miller</author>. <title>Analiz persidskogo čislitelʹnogo <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><w>devīst</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>dvesti</q></gloss></mentioned></title>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Яф._сб."/>
|
|||
|
|
<date>1932</date>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>VII 57</biblScope></bibl>). A similar picture is given by other Indo-European
|
|||
|
|
languages. In Celtic, as in Ossetc, the vigesimal count won. But it also left a trace in
|
|||
|
|
French (<mentioned xml:lang="fr"><w>quatre-vingt</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>80</q></gloss></mentioned>), Portuguese, Italian, Danish, vernacular English
|
|||
|
|
(<mentioned xml:lang="en"><w>four-score</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>80</q></gloss></mentioned>), Albanian, some Armenian dialects (Mok). See:
|
|||
|
|
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Schrader"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>II 671—672</biblScope></bibl>.<lb/><bibl>Ws. <author>Miller</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">OE</ref>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>II 95, 106, III 80</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>48</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>41</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>22, 39—40, 188, 203, 207, 214</biblScope></bibl>. —
|
|||
|
|
<bibl><author>Benveniste</author>, <title>Asiatica</title>, <publisher>Festschrift
|
|||
|
|
Weller</publisher>, <date>1954</date>, <biblScope>p. 30</biblScope></bibl>. —
|
|||
|
|
<bibl><author>Szemerényi</author>. <title>Studies in the IE system of
|
|||
|
|
Numerals</title>. <pubPlace>Heidelberg</pubPlace>, <date>1960</date>, <biblScope>p.
|
|||
|
|
53—56</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Henning</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AION"/>
|
|||
|
|
<date>1965</date>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>VI 43, nota 3</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Barrow</author>.
|
|||
|
|
<title>Sanskrit</title>. <pubPlace>Moscow</pubPlace>, <date>1976</date>, <biblScope>p.
|
|||
|
|
245</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Mayrhofer"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>III 200</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
|
|||
|
|
</entry>
|
|||
|
|
</body>
|
|||
|
|
</text>
|
|||
|
|
</TEI>
|