303 lines
15 KiB
XML
303 lines
15 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">zaǧd</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_zaǧd" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
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<form xml:id="form_d935e66" type="lemma"><orth>zaǧd</orth></form>
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<sense n="1">
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<sense xml:id="sense_d935e69">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>брань</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>scolding</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>ссора</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>argument</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>zaǧd kænyn</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">браниться</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">scold</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>zaǧd kʼaxyn</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">вызывать на ссору</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">call to a quarrel</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>задирать(ся)</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>bully</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>zæǧdærgom</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">склонный к брани</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">quarrelsome</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>вспыльчивый</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>hot-tempered</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>zæǧdǵyn</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">находящийся в дурном настроении в результате
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ссоры, брани</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">in a bad mood as a result of a quarrel</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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</sense>
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<sense n="2">
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>сказанное</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>said</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>слово</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>word</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>речь</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>speech</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" n="1">
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">tyngdæræj tyngdær īw kodta sæ
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<oRef>zaǧdy</oRef> qær</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">все сильнее становился шум их брани</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the noise of their scolding grew stronger and
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stronger</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
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<biblScope>72</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>zaǧdkʼaxægæn</oRef> — nad</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">забияке — трепку</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230707T110630+0300" comment="сомнительно..."?>for
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a bully – threshing<?oxy_comment_end ?></q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
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<biblScope>117</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">æppyn nīcæwyl dær <oRef>zaǧd</oRef>
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samajy</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">по всякому пустяку затевает (<q>громоздит</q>)
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ссору</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he starts a quarrel over every trifle</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
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<biblScope>1972 VI 20</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Nadja tyngæj tyngdær fyxtīs,
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<oRef>zaǧdkʼaxæn</oRef> kodta</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Надя все больше кипятилась, вызывала на
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ссору</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Nadia was getting more and more angry, provoked
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a quarrel</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
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<biblScope>1972 VI 20</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>zaǧd</oRef> syn bacajdaǧ;
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<oRef>zaǧd</oRef> xylmæ azdæxtī</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">у них завязалась ссора; ссора перешла в
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драку</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">they got into a quarrel; the quarrel turned
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into a fight</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/>
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<biblScope>93–94</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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</exampleGrp>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" n="2">
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">otæ sæ <oRef>zaǧd</oRef> xæssuncæ sæ
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xorbadæni Kʼamatæ</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">так ведут свою речь на собрании Камаевы</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">this is how the Kamaevs conduct their speech at
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the meeting</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
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<biblScope>40</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mænæn dær ew <oRef>zaǧdi</oRef> baræ
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raddajtæ</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">и мне дайте право на одно слово</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">let me have a word too</q>
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</tr>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">kæjdær <oRef>zaǧdaw</oRef>...</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">как кто-то сказал...</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">like someone said...</q>
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</tr>
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</example>
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</exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Лексикализованное прош. причастие от <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zæǧyn"><w>zæǧyn</w>
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<gloss><q>сказать</q></gloss></ref>. Исходное значение было <q>речь</q>,
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<q>разговор</q>. Это значение можно еще распознать в некоторых текстах, — см. выше цитату
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(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
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<biblScope>40</biblScope></bibl>). Ср. также выражение <example xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">zaǧdaw</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">как говорится</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">как говорится</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
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<biblScope>II 109</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>, <example xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="os">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">dæ zaǧdaw</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">как ты сказал</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">как ты сказал</q>
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</tr>
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</example>. В дальнейшем <oRef>zaǧd</oRef> стало означать по преимуществу <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">крупный</q> разговор, ссору. По семантическому развитию
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(<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">речь</q> → <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">ссора</q>) ср. <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
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<w>zurga</w>
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<gloss><q>ссора</q></gloss></mentioned> при <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><w>zur̃gti</w>
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<gloss><q>бормотать</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Fraenkel"/>
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<biblScope>II 1280</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. — См. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zæǧyn"/>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
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<biblScope>570</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">A lexicalized past participle from <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zæǧyn"><w>zæǧyn</w>
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<gloss><q>say</q></gloss></ref>. The initial meaning was <q>speech</q>, <q>talk</q>.
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This meaning can still be recognized in some texts – see the quotation above (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
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<biblScope>40</biblScope></bibl>). Cf. also the expression <example xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">zaǧdaw</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">как говорится</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">as the saying goes</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
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<biblScope>II 109</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>, <example xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="os">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">dæ zaǧdaw</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">как ты сказал</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">as you said</q>
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</tr>
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</example>. Further <oRef>zaǧd</oRef> began to mean mainly a <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">big</q> conversation, a quarrel. As for the semantic
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development (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">speech</q> → <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">quarrel</q>), cf. <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
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<w>zurga</w>
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<gloss><q>quarrel</q></gloss></mentioned> next to <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><w>zur̃gti</w>
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<gloss><q>mutter</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Fraenkel"/>
|
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<biblScope>II 1280</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. — See <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zæǧyn"/>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
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<biblScope>570</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI>
|