138 lines
15 KiB
XML
138 lines
15 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">æxsīn_2</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
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<biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_æxsīn_2" n="2" xml:lang="os">
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<form xml:id="form_d3340e66" type="lemma"><orth>æxsīn</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d3340e69"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>темно-серый</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>dark-grey</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d3340e79">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d3340e81" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>Wadæxsijnæ æxsīn kʼæjtæ ku gælʒuj</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>Владычица ветров низвергает темно-синие плиты</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>The mistress of the winds overthrows dark-blue plates</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/><biblScope>II
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35</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d3340e103" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>æxsīn gærz rabædtuj</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>перевязывается темно-серым ремнем</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>is tying up a dark-grey belt</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/><biblScope>II
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35</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Восходит к <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3340e280" xml:id="mentioned_d3340e128" xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
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<w>axšaina</w></mentioned>. Старое иранское обозначение темно-серого или
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темно-синего цвета, частью вытесненное, частью существующее рядом с субстратным
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<ref type="xr" target="#entry_cʼæx"/> q. v. <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Æxsīn</hi> употребительно теперь
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преимущественно в Дигории и то не повсюду, но производное от него <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æxsīnæg"/> ‘голубь’ распространено по всей Осетии (ср.
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3340e289" xml:id="mentioned_d3340e137" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>голубой</w></mentioned> и <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3340e294" xml:id="mentioned_d3340e142" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>голубь</w></mentioned>, а также <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3340e300" xml:id="mentioned_d3340e148" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>kabūd</w>
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<gloss><q>голубой</q></gloss></mentioned> и <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3340e308" xml:id="mentioned_d3340e156" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>kabūtar</w>
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<gloss><q>голубь</q></gloss></mentioned>). Ос. <hi rendition="#rend_italic">æxsīn</hi> восходит
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непосредственно к <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3340e316" xml:id="mentioned_d3340e164" xml:lang="xsc"><lang/>
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<w>αξειν-</w></mentioned>, сохраненному древними авторами (Пиндар, Еврипид,
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Страбон) в названии Черного моря: Πόντος άξεινος „темно-синий Понт“.
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Впоследствии греки переделали <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3340e321" xml:id="mentioned_d3340e169" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
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<w>ἄξεινος</w></mentioned>, осмыслявшееся ими как „негостеприимный“, в
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3340e326" xml:id="mentioned_d3340e174" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
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<w>εύξεινος</w></mentioned>„гостеприимный“: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3340e331" xml:id="mentioned_d3340e179" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
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<w>Ποντος Εύξεινος</w></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Vasmer._Ir._i._S."/><biblScope>20</biblScope></bibl>).
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Помимо скифо-осетинского, слово широко представлено в других иранских языках:
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3340e341" xml:id="mentioned_d3340e189" xml:lang="ydg"><lang/>
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<w>axšīn</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3340e346" xml:id="mentioned_d3340e194" xml:lang="yah"><lang/>
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<w>šīn</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3340e351" xml:id="mentioned_d3340e199" xml:lang="oru"><lang/>
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<w>ṣīn</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3340e356" xml:id="mentioned_d3340e204" xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
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<w>ṣīn</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3340e361" xml:id="mentioned_d3340e209" xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
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<w>šīn</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3340e367" xml:id="mentioned_d3340e215" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>xasīn</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3340e372" xml:id="mentioned_d3340e220" xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
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<w>axšēn</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3340e377" xml:id="mentioned_d3340e225" xml:lang="pal"><w>xašēn</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">zray-i-Xašēn „Черное море“</note></mentioned>: <bibl><author>Фрейман</author><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ЗКВ"/><biblScope>V 647 сл.</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3340e387" xml:id="mentioned_d3340e235" xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
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<w>āṣṣeina</w></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Leumann"/><biblScope>397</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3340e397" xml:id="mentioned_d3340e245" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
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<w>*axšēn('ɣs'yn)</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3340e402" xml:id="mentioned_d3340e250" xml:lang="sog"><w>*axšēnāk('ɣs'yn'k)</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3340e405" xml:id="mentioned_d3340e253" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>axšaena-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3340e410" xml:id="mentioned_d3340e258" xml:lang="peo"><lang/>
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<w>axšaina-</w></mentioned> (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3340e415" xml:id="mentioned_d3340e263" xml:lang="peo"><lang/>
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<w>kasaka hya axšaina</w></mentioned> „синий самоцвет“ = ляпис-лазурь?).
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Этимологически <hi rendition="#rend_italic">axšaina</hi>- разлагается на <hi rendition="#rend_italic">a</hi>-<hi rendition="#rend_italic">xšaina</hi>-, буквально
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„не-сияющий“; ср. для второй части ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xsīd"/> |
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xsed ‘заря’. Ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æxsīnæg"/> ‘голубь’.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>21, 38,
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158</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">It traces back to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3340e128" xml:id="mentioned_d3340e280" xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
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<w>axšaina</w></mentioned>. It is an ancient Iranian notion of dark-grey and
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dark-blu colour, which is partially was forced out and which is partially
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existing near a substrate <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cʼæx"/> q. v. <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Æxsīn</hi>
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is common now in Digoria and not even everywhere but its derivative <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æxsīnæg"/> ‘pigeon’ is common all over Ossetia (cf.
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3340e137" xml:id="mentioned_d3340e289" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>goluboj</w></mentioned> and <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3340e142" xml:id="mentioned_d3340e294" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>golubʼ</w></mentioned>, and also <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3340e148" xml:id="mentioned_d3340e300" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>kabūd</w>
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<gloss><q>blue</q></gloss></mentioned> and <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3340e156" xml:id="mentioned_d3340e308" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>kabūtar</w>
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<gloss><q>pigeon</q></gloss></mentioned>). Ossetic word <hi rendition="#rend_italic">æxsīn</hi> traces
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back directly to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3340e164" xml:id="mentioned_d3340e316" xml:lang="xsc"><lang/>
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<w>αξειν-</w></mentioned>, which was saved by ancient authors (Pindar,
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Euripides, Strabo) in the name of the Black Sea: <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Πόντος</hi> <hi rendition="#rend_italic">άξεινος</hi>
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‘dark-blue Pontus’. Later the Greeks remade <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3340e169" xml:id="mentioned_d3340e321" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
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<w>ἄξεινος</w></mentioned>, which was interpreted as ‘unwelcome’, into
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3340e174" xml:id="mentioned_d3340e326" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
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<w>εύξεινος</w></mentioned>"welcome": <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3340e179" xml:id="mentioned_d3340e331" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
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<w>Ποντος Εύξεινος</w></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Vasmer._Ir._i._S."/><biblScope>20</biblScope></bibl>).
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Besides Scythian-Ossetic, the word is widely spread in other Iranian languages:
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3340e189" xml:id="mentioned_d3340e341" xml:lang="ydg"><lang/>
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<w>axšīn</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3340e194" xml:id="mentioned_d3340e346" xml:lang="yah"><lang/>
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<w>šīn</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3340e199" xml:id="mentioned_d3340e351" xml:lang="oru"><lang/>
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<w>ṣīn</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3340e204" xml:id="mentioned_d3340e356" xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
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<w>ṣīn</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3340e209" xml:id="mentioned_d3340e361" xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
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<w>šīn</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3340e215" xml:id="mentioned_d3340e367" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>xasīn</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3340e220" xml:id="mentioned_d3340e372" xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
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<w>axšēn</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3340e225" xml:id="mentioned_d3340e377" xml:lang="pal"><w>xašēn</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="en"> (zray-i-Xašēn ‘Black
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Sea’)</note></mentioned>: (<bibl><author>Frejman</author><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ЗКВ"/><biblScope>V 647ff.</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3340e235" xml:id="mentioned_d3340e387" xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
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<w>āṣṣeina</w></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Leumann"/><biblScope>397</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3340e245" xml:id="mentioned_d3340e397" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
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<w>*axšēn('ɣs'yn)</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3340e250" xml:id="mentioned_d3340e402" xml:lang="sog"><w>*axšēnāk('ɣs'yn'k)</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3340e253" xml:id="mentioned_d3340e405" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>axšaena-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3340e258" xml:id="mentioned_d3340e410" xml:lang="peo"><lang/>
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<w>axšaina-</w></mentioned> (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3340e263" xml:id="mentioned_d3340e415" xml:lang="peo"><lang/>
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<w>kasaka hya axšaina</w></mentioned> "blue gem" = lapis lazuli?). According
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to ethymology, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">axšaina</hi>- is derived from <hi rendition="#rend_italic">a</hi>-<hi rendition="#rend_italic">xšaina</hi>-, literally
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‘not-shining’; cf. for the second part Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xsīd"/> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">xsed</hi> ‘dawn’. Cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æxsīnæg"/> ‘pigeon’.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>21, 38, 158</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI>
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