174 lines
15 KiB
XML
174 lines
15 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">æznag</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
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<biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_æznag" xml:lang="os">
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<form xml:id="form_d3824e66" type="lemma"><orth>æznag</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d3824e69"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>враг</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>enemy</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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<re xml:id="re_d3824e79">
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<form xml:id="form_d3824e81" type="lemma"><orth>æznaggad</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d3824e84"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>вред</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>harm</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">; ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_son"/>
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id.</note>
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="en">; cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_son"/>
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id.</note>
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</re>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d3824e105">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d3824e107">
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<quote>ne ʽznag næ bylmæ fætæry</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>наш враг гонит нас к обрыву</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>our enemy drives us to the steep</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/><biblScope>39</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d3824e126" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>ǧæwama ʽznagi badæma</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>он должен обуздать врага</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>he has to curb the enemy</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/><biblScope>67</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d3824e148" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>ældar, fudgol æma æznag, fæcæj dæ færci isæfccag</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>алдар — зложелатель и враг — пришел благодаря тебе к гибели</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>the <hi rendition="#rend_italic">aldar</hi>, malevolent and an enemy, has perished because of
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you</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/><biblScope>70</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d3824e170" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>znag ærbampursuj—æxsetæ!</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>враг наступает — стреляйте!</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>the enemy is comming -- fire!</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/><biblScope>57</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d3824e192" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>cʼewtæ xwæruncæ alli xuzæn xelguti, xælsartæn æznaggadæ ka kænuj,
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oni</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>птицы поедают всевозможных червей, которые наносят вред овощам</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>birds eat all kinds of worms that harm vegetables</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_FS"/><biblScope>I 39</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d3824e215">
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<quote>wædæj fæstæmæ Bættu nal awærsta Koʒyrtæn raznaggadyl</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>с тех пор Батту всячески вредил Кодзыровым</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>since that time Battu hurt Kodzyrovs in many ways</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/><biblScope>51</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Восходит к <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3824e339" xml:id="mentioned_d3824e237" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
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<w>*a-znā-ka-</w></mentioned> „незнакомец“ (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3824e344" xml:id="mentioned_d3824e242" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
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<w>a</w></mentioned> — частица отрицания, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3824e349" xml:id="mentioned_d3824e247" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
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<w>znā</w></mentioned> — основа глагола ‘знать’, см. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zonyn"/>). Ср. (с другим суффиксом) <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3824e356" xml:id="mentioned_d3824e254" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>ajñāta-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3824e362" xml:id="mentioned_d3824e260" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
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<w>ἄγνωτοζ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3824e367" xml:id="mentioned_d3824e265" xml:lang="la"><lang/>
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<w>ignotus</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3824e372" xml:id="mentioned_d3824e270" xml:lang="got"><lang/>
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<w>unkun𐍆s</w>
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<gloss><q>неизвестный</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3824e380" xml:id="mentioned_d3824e278" xml:lang="got"><w/>
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<gloss><q>незнакомец</q></gloss></mentioned>. Идеосемантика
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‘незнакомец’→‘враг’ позволяет относить слово к весьма ранним и примитивным
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формам общественного существования, когда каждый, не принадлежащий к своей
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родоплеменной общине, рассматривался как потенциальный враг. Вс. <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Миллером</hi>
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(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller_IF_21"/><biblScope xml:lang="ru">стр. 328</biblScope></bibl> IF 21, стр. 328) предложено другое разъяснение
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слова <hi rendition="#rend_italic">æznag</hi>-. оно возводится к. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3824e391" xml:id="mentioned_d3824e289" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>zinaka</w></mentioned>. Эта этимология менее удовлетворяет, как по
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неясности значения авестийского слова (‘вредящий’? <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AiW"/><biblScope>1697</biblScope></bibl>), так в
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особенности потому, что второй гласный в <hi rendition="#rend_italic">æznag</hi> (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">а</hi>) предполагает долгое
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">ā</hi>, которого нет в <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3824e401" xml:id="mentioned_d3824e299" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>zinaka</w></mentioned>, но которое необходимо допускать в
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восстанавливаемом *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">aznūkæ</hi>, см. в связи с <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3824e406" xml:id="mentioned_d3824e304" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>zinaka</w></mentioned> oc. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zyn"/>
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‘трудный’. С помощью <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3824e423" xml:id="mentioned_d3824e311" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
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<w>æznag</w></mentioned> пытается Gombосz (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Gombocz"/><biblScope>(Streitberg-Festgabe, 1924, стр.
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109</biblScope></bibl>) разъяснить <lang>язигское</lang> собственное имя
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3824e417" xml:id="mentioned_d3824e323" xml:lang="ysc"><lang/>
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<w>Znagan</w></mentioned> (XIV в.). По форме такое имя точно корреспондирует
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современному осетинскому <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æznagon"/>
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‘вражеский’.%n<bibl><author>Stackelberg</author><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ZDMG"/><biblScope>XLIII 671</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">It traces back to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3824e237" xml:id="mentioned_d3824e339" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
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<w>*a-znā-ka-</w></mentioned> "stranger" (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3824e242" xml:id="mentioned_d3824e344" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
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<w>a</w></mentioned> — negation particle, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3824e247" xml:id="mentioned_d3824e349" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
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<w>znā</w></mentioned> — stem of the verb 'to know', see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zonyn"/>). Cf. (with another suffix) <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3824e254" xml:id="mentioned_d3824e356" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>ajñāta-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3824e260" xml:id="mentioned_d3824e362" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
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<w>ἄγνωτοζ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3824e265" xml:id="mentioned_d3824e367" xml:lang="la"><lang/>
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<w>ignotus</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3824e270" xml:id="mentioned_d3824e372" xml:lang="got"><lang/>
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<w>unkun𐍆s</w>
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<gloss><q>unknown</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3824e278" xml:id="mentioned_d3824e380" xml:lang="got"><w/>
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<gloss><q>stranger</q></gloss></mentioned>. The ideosemantics
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‘stranger’→‘enemy’ let relate this word to quite early and primitive forms of
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social order when everyone who did not belong to his tribal community was
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treated like a potential enemy. Ws. <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Miller</hi> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller_IF_21"/><biblScope xml:lang="en">p. 328</biblScope></bibl> IF 21,
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p. 328) proposed another explanation of the word <hi rendition="#rend_italic">æznag</hi>-: it traces back to
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3824e289" xml:id="mentioned_d3824e391" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>zinaka</w></mentioned>. This etymology satisfies less due to either the
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vagueness of the Avestan word (‘harming’? <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AiW"/><biblScope>1697</biblScope></bibl>), or particulary
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due to the fact that the second vowel in <hi rendition="#rend_italic">æznag</hi> (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">a</hi>) supposes a long
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">ā</hi>, which is not found in <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3824e299" xml:id="mentioned_d3824e401" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>zinaka</w></mentioned>, but which has to be admitted in a restored
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*<hi rendition="#rend_italic">aznūkæ</hi>, see in the connection with <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3824e304" xml:id="mentioned_d3824e406" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>zinaka</w></mentioned> Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zyn"/>
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‘hard’. <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Gombocz"/><biblScope>(Streitberg-Festgabe, 1924, p. 109</biblScope></bibl>)
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tries to explain the <hi rendition="#rend_bold">Yazygian</hi> proper name <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3824e323" xml:id="mentioned_d3824e417" xml:lang="ysc"><lang/>
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<w>Znagan</w></mentioned> (XVI) using <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3824e311" xml:id="mentioned_d3824e423" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
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<w>æznag</w></mentioned>. As for its form, such name corresponds to modern
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Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æznagon"/>
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‘enemy’.%n<bibl><author>Stackelberg</author><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ZDMG"/><biblScope>XLIII 671</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI>
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