245 lines
16 KiB
XML
245 lines
16 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ᵆxsītt</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_7xsītt" xml:lang="os-x-iron" abv:completeness="incomplete">
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<form xml:id="form_d5066e66" type="lemma"><orth>ᵆxsītt</orth></form>
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d5066e69">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>свист</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>whistle</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; <ref type="xr" target="#entry_skʼot" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
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<w>skʼot</w> id.</ref>; <mentioned xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
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<w>æxsett</w></mentioned> редко</note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; <ref type="xr" target="#entry_skʼot" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
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<w>skʼot</w> id.</ref>; <mentioned xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
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<w>æxsett</w></mentioned> rare</note>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>xsītt kænyn</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">свистеть</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">whistle</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">kærdtæ fexsitt kodtoj</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">засвистели шашки</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">sabers whistled</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
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<biblScope>18</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Færniajy fyrt k˳yddær ænax˳yr æxsītt fækodta,
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jæ bæxy ærcæftæ kodta</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Фарниев сын как-то странно свистнул, хлестнул
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своего коня</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><?oxy_comment_start author="jvsin" timestamp="20230609T111024+0300" comment="?"?>Farni’s<?oxy_comment_end ?>
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son whistled strangely, whipped his horse</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/>
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<biblScope>154</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">fijjaw jæ fosyl fexsītt kodta</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">пастух свистнул своему стаду</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the shepherd whistled his herd</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
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<biblScope>69</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ældar æxsīttæj zargæ wælaʒygmæ
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‘sfardæg</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">князь насвистывая поднялся на верхний этаж</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the aldar climbed to the top floor
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whistling</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
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<biblScope>95</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">zymty æxsītt-wasyn...</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">свист-пение горных индеек...</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">whistle-singing of Caucasian snowcocks...</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
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<biblScope>121</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">æxsīttæj zarync raǧæj zymtæ</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">свистят-поют с хребта горные индейки</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Caucasian snowcocks are whistle-singing from
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the ridge</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Niger"/>
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<biblScope>175</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">xattæj xatt būlæmærǧy xsīttytæ cydī</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">временами слышалось пенье соловья</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">sometimes there was heard the singing of the
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Nightingale</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Arsen"/>
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<biblScope>78</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">suǧdtæn fætti ærtiti, ‘xsetti</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">я горел в огне (и) свисте пуль</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I burned in the fire (and) in the whistle of
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bullets</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><bibl xml:lang="en"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Тайм._Мӕ_уарзт"/>
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<biblScope>p. 23</biblScope></bibl></bibl>
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</example>
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</exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Следует рассматривать как лексикализованное прош. причастие от не
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сохранившегося в спрягаемых формах глагола
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<?oxy_comment_start author="jvsin" timestamp="20230329T000238+0300" comment="сделала меншнд, но не уверена"?><mentioned xml:lang="os"><w type="rec">xsīdyn</w>
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<gloss><q>свистеть</q></gloss></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?> (как, скажем, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sīdyn"><w>sīdt</w></ref> от <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sīdyn"/>). <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w type="rec">xsīdyn</w></mentioned>
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закономерно возводится к <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">xšwaid-</w></mentioned>;
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ср. <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>kṣvedati</w>
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<gloss><q>жужжать</q></gloss></mentioned>’ и т. п. К прототипу <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">xšwaida-</w></mentioned> возводится и <mentioned><mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
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<w>špēlai</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="wne"><lang/>
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<w>špelaw</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="wbl"><lang/>
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<w>šxelān</w>
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<note type="comment">(= <w type="rec"><?oxy_comment_start author="jvsin" timestamp="20230329T000603+0300" comment="нужно ли делать меншнд?"?>xšsd-an<?oxy_comment_end ?></w>)</note></mentioned>
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<gloss><q>свистеть</q></gloss></mentioned>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._IIFL"/>
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<biblScope>II 543</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Начальный <c>x-</c> |
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<c>k-</c> в иранском и санскрите мог быть протетическим. В этом случае мы приходим к
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<mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
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<w>*sweid-</w>, <w>*sweizd-</w></mentioned>, откуда славянские факты — <mentioned xml:lang="orv"><lang/>
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<w>свистъ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>свист</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cs"><lang/>
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<w>svist</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pl"><lang/>
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<w>świst</w></mentioned> и пр., — а также <mentioned xml:lang="yah"><lang/>
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<w>xwiz</w>
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<gloss><q>свист</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Соколова._Шугн."/>
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<biblScope>§ 157</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
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<w>σιζω</w>
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<gloss><q>свищу</q></gloss></mentioned>. Во всей этой группе присутствует
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звукоподражательный момент. Поэтому близкие, но не всегда <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">закономерные</q> звукотипы мы находим в германском:
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<mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="non"><lang/>
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<w>hvīsta</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="no"><lang/>
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<w>hviste</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="en"><lang/>
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<w>whistle</w></mentioned>
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<gloss><q>свистеть</q></gloss></mentioned>. Группа <c>kš</c>, <c>xš</c> могла
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чередоваться с <c>sk</c>; ср. <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>likṣa-</w></mentioned> — <ref type="xr" target="#entry_lyskʼ" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
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<w>lyskʼ</w>
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<gloss><q>гнида</q></gloss></ref>. Отсюда <ref type="xr" target="#entry_skʼot" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
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<w>skʼot</w></ref>. Созвучные слова находим и в неродственных языках. Ср., например,
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<mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
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<w>iskit</w>
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<gloss><q>свист</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/>
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<biblScope>I 1528</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._EVP"/>
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<biblScope>75</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">It should be considered as a lexicalized past participle from a verb not
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preserved in conjugated forms
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<?oxy_comment_start author="jvsin" timestamp="20230329T000238+0300" comment="сделала меншнд, но не уверена"?><mentioned xml:lang="os"><w type="rec">xsīdyn</w>
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<gloss><q>whistle</q></gloss></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?> (like, for example, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sīdyn"><w>sīdt</w></ref> from <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sīdyn"/>). <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w type="rec">xsīdyn</w></mentioned>
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regularly goes back to <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">xšwaid-</w></mentioned>;
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cf. <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>kṣvedati</w>
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<gloss><q>buzz</q></gloss></mentioned>’ etc. <mentioned><mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
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<w>špēlai</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="wne"><lang/>
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<w>špelaw</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="wbl"><lang/>
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<w>šxelān</w>
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<note type="comment">(= <w type="rec"><?oxy_comment_start author="jvsin" timestamp="20230329T000603+0300" comment="нужно ли делать меншнд?"?>xšsd-an<?oxy_comment_end ?></w>)</note></mentioned>
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<gloss><q>whistle</q></gloss></mentioned>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._IIFL"/>
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<biblScope>II 543</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned> also go back to <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">xšwaida-</w></mentioned>. The initial <c>x-</c> | <c>k-</c>
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could be prothetic in Iranian and Sanskrit. In this case, we come to <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
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<w>*sweid-</w>, <w>*sweizd-</w></mentioned>, where the Slavic forms come from:
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<mentioned xml:lang="orv"><lang/>
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<w>svistъ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>svist</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cs"><lang/>
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<w>svist</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pl"><lang/>
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<w>świst</w></mentioned> etc., — as well as <mentioned xml:lang="yah"><lang/>
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<w>xwiz</w>
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<gloss><q>etc.</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Соколова._Шугн."/>
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<biblScope>§ 157</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
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<w>σιζω</w>
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<gloss><q>I whistle</q></gloss></mentioned>. There is an onomatopoeic moment throughout
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this group. Therefore, we find close, but not always natural sound types in German
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languages: <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="non"><lang/>
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<w>hvīsta</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="no"><lang/>
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<w>hviste</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="en"><lang/>
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<w>whistle</w></mentioned></mentioned>. The group <c>kš</c>, <c>xš</c> could alternate
|
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with <c>sk</c>; cf. <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>likṣa-</w></mentioned> — <ref type="xr" target="#entry_lyskʼ" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
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<w>lyskʼ</w>
|
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<gloss><q>nit</q></gloss></ref>. Hence <ref type="xr" target="#entry_skʼot" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
|
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<w>skʼot</w></ref>. We find consonant words in unrelated languages. Cf., for example,
|
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<mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
|
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<w>iskit</w>
|
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|
|
<gloss><q>whistle</q></gloss>
|
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|
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/>
|
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|
|
<biblScope>I 1528</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._EVP"/>
|
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|
|
<biblScope>75</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
|
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|
|
</entry>
|
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|
|
</body>
|
|||
|
|
</text>
|
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|
|
</TEI>
|