507 lines
44 KiB
XML
507 lines
44 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Nartæ</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_Nartæ" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="questions">
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<form xml:id="form_d2467e66" type="lemma"><orth>Nartæ</orth><form xml:id="form_d2467e68" type="variant"><orth>Nart</orth></form></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d2467e71"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>Нарты</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>the Narts</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d2467e81"><def xml:lang="ru">общее коллективное наименование героев осетинского эпоса</def><def xml:lang="en">general collective name for heroes of the Nart epics</def></sense>
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<re xml:id="re_d2467e87">
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<form xml:id="form_d2467e89" type="lemma"><orth>nærton</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d2467e92"><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">нартовский</q>
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</tr><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Nartish</q>
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</tr></sense>
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</re>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:id="exampleGrp_d2467e105">
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<example xml:id="example_d2467e107">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>Nartæ</oRef> wydysty tyxǵyn
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adæm</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Нарты были мощные люди</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the Narts were a strong people</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
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<biblScope>I 20</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:id="example_d2467e131">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>Nartæ</oRef> stæry ašydysty</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Нарты отправились за добычей</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the Narts set off for booty</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
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<biblScope>28</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:id="example_d2467e155">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>Nartæ</oRef> ærzæ æmæ sædæ
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wydysty</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Нартов было тысяча и сто</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the Narts were a thousand and hundred</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
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<biblScope>29</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:id="example_d2467e179">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">wæ <oRef>Nartæ</oRef>, <oRef>Nartæ</oRef>! ūj
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bæsty k˳y fesæfat wæd xwyzdær ū</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">о Нарты, Нарты! лучше бы вам погибнуть</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">o Narts, Narts! it would be better for you to
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die</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОТ"/>
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<biblScope>71</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:id="example_d2467e206">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>Nærtæ</oRef> æræmbyrd sty
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Wyryzmægmæ</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Нарты собрались у Урузмага</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the Narts gathered at Uruzmæg’s</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОТ"/>
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<biblScope>72
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<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20220719T132645+0300" comment="NB rus"?>ff<?oxy_comment_end ?>.</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:id="example_d2467e236">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">bakastysty <oRef>Nartæ</oRef> Syrdony
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kommæ</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">послушались Нарты Сырдона</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the Narts obeyed Syrdon</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОТ"/>
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<biblScope>88</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:id="example_d2467e261">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">æræmbyrd sty īw ranmæ <oRef>Nartæ</oRef> æmæ
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Dereʒantæ</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">собрались в одно место Нарты и Даредзанты</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the Narts and the Daredzans gathered in one
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place</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОТ"/>
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<biblScope>91</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:id="example_d2467e286">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>Nartæ</oRef> amæ Borætyl fydaz
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yskodta</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Нартов и Боратов постиг тяжелый год</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the Narts and the Borætæ had a hard year</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОТ"/>
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<biblScope>177</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:id="example_d2467e310">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>Nartæm</oRef> kæj næ zonys, ūšy Batyraz
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dæn æz</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">я — тот Батраз, которого ты не знаешь у
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Нартов</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I am the Batraz whom you do not know among the
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Narts</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОТ"/>
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<biblScope>33</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:id="example_d2467e334">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Wastyrǵy <oRef>Nartæm</oRef> žūry</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Уастырджи говорит Нартам…</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Wastyrdzhi says to the Narts…</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОТ"/>
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<biblScope>38</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:id="example_d2467e359">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">razdæxt zærvatykk æmæ <oRef>Nartæm</oRef>
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ærtaxtī</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">вернулась ласточка и прилетела к Нартам</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the swallow returned and flew back to the
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Narts</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОТ"/>
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<biblScope>89</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:id="example_d2467e385" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">i <oRef>Nartæ</oRef> cælxæmburdæj
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baduncæ</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Нарты сидят кру́гом</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the Narts are sitting in a circle</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
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<biblScope>II 12, 18</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:id="example_d2467e413" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>Nartæ</oRef> destæ tæmæstæ
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kodtoncæ</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Нарты диву давались</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the Narts were very surprised</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
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<biblScope>12</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:id="example_d2467e440" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>Nartæ</oRef> kuvdi badtæncæ</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Нарты сидели на пиру</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the Narts sat at a feast</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
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<biblScope>21</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:id="example_d2467e467" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>Nartæ</oRef> sæ zærond tillæg
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baxwardtoncæ</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Нарты съели свой старый (запас) хлеба</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the Narts ate their old (supply of) bread</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
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<biblScope>35</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:id="example_d2467e494" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ustur i <oRef>Nartæ</oRef> isfændæ
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kodtoncæ…</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">великие Нарты задумали…</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the great Narts have resolved…</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
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<biblScope>37</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example xml:id="example_d2467e522" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
|
|||
|
|
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>Nartæ</oRef> Gori fedar
|
|||
|
|
basastoncæ</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Нарты сокрушили крепость Гори</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the Narts destroyed the fortress of Gori</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>50, 52</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example xml:id="example_d2467e550" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
|
|||
|
|
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>Nartæ</oRef> ramburd æncæ æma sindbæl
|
|||
|
|
isxwastæncæ</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Нарты собрались и принялись за танец симд</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the Narts gathered and started dancing the
|
|||
|
|
<foreign><ref type="xr" target="#entry_simd">simd</ref></foreign> dance</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>65</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example xml:id="example_d2467e581" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
|
|||
|
|
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>Nartæmæ</oRef> min ǧærgænæg
|
|||
|
|
fæcco</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">отправляйся к Нартам вестником (о моем
|
|||
|
|
несчастье)</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">go to the Narts as a messenger (of my
|
|||
|
|
misfortune)</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>21</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example xml:id="example_d2467e608" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
|
|||
|
|
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">æ mard in Xæmic i <oRef>Nartæmæ</oRef>
|
|||
|
|
islasta</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ее труп Хамиц отвез к Нартам</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Khamits took her body to the Narts</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>25</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example xml:id="example_d2467e636" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
|
|||
|
|
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Soslan <oRef>Nartæmæ</oRef> ærbacudæj</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Сослан пришел к Нартам</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Soslan came to the Narts</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>65</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
</exampleGrp>
|
|||
|
|
<etym xml:lang="ru">Предложено много толкований этого термина. Большинство считает, что он
|
|||
|
|
связан так или иначе с <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2467e1045" xml:id="mentioned_d2467e668" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>nar-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>самец</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>мужчина</q></gloss><note type="bibl">
|
|||
|
|
[<bibl><author>Лопатинский</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_СМК"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>XXII 3 26</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Bleichsteiner</author>.
|
|||
|
|
<title>Das Volk der Alanen</title>. <date>1918</date>, <biblScope>стр.
|
|||
|
|
5</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Troubetskoy</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_MSL"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>1921 XXII 251— 252</biblScope></bibl>]</note></mentioned> (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">термин Нарт не может быть разъяснен ни на одном из
|
|||
|
|
северокавказских языков</q>; возводит к <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2467e1086" xml:id="mentioned_d2467e707" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>nartama-</w> мужественнейший</mentioned>, превосх. степени от <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2467e1092" xml:id="mentioned_d2467e713" xml:lang="ira"><w>nar-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>мужчина</q></gloss></mentioned>). — <bibl><author>Рклицкий</author>. <title>К
|
|||
|
|
вопросу о нартах и нартовских сказаниях</title>. <pubPlace>Владикавказ</pubPlace>,
|
|||
|
|
<date>1927</date>, <biblScope>стр. 32—33</biblScope></bibl>. —
|
|||
|
|
<bibl><author>Meillet</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSL"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>1931 XXXI 77 сл</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Dumézil</author>.
|
|||
|
|
<title>Loki</title>. <date>1947</date>, <biblScope>стр. 170</biblScope></bibl>. —
|
|||
|
|
<bibl><author>Bailey</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_JRAS"/><biblScope>1953,
|
|||
|
|
стр. 107 сл</biblScope></bibl>. (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2467e1132" xml:id="mentioned_d2467e753" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">narθra-</w></mentioned>). — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Benveniste._Etudes"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>37</biblScope></bibl>]. Этимология, связывающая <oRef>Nartæ</oRef> с
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2467e1144" xml:id="mentioned_d2467e765" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>nar-</w></mentioned>, неприемлема как по семантическим, так и формальным
|
|||
|
|
соображениям. 1. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2467e1149" xml:id="mentioned_d2467e770" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>nar-</w></mentioned> сохранилось в осетинском в виде <ref type="xr" target="#entry_næl"><w>næl-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>самец</q></gloss></ref>; семантика этого слова лежит целиком в половой сфере и
|
|||
|
|
не содержит даже намека на значения <q>герой</q>, <q>воин</q> и т. п. Думать, что
|
|||
|
|
параллельно в осетинском существовало это же слово с долгим гласным (<c>nar</c> в
|
|||
|
|
<oRef>Nartæ</oRef> пришлось бы возводить к <c>nār-</c>, а не <c>nar-</c>) и что это
|
|||
|
|
слово могло означать <q>богатырь</q>, <q>герой</q> или что-либо подобное, нет никаких
|
|||
|
|
оснований. 2. Центральной фигурой нартовского эпоса является женщина, Шатана, которая
|
|||
|
|
выступает как мать народа. Непонятно, как в эпосе с такой ясно выраженной матриархальной
|
|||
|
|
тенденцией весь народ мог называться <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">мужчинами</q>, не
|
|||
|
|
говоря уже о полной бесцветности такого наименования. — Как видно из приведенных выше
|
|||
|
|
текстовых примеров, лучшие и наиболее надежные записи дают в имен. падеже
|
|||
|
|
<oRef>Nartæ</oRef>, в направ. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2467e1181" xml:id="mentioned_d2467e804" xml:lang="os"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">Nartæm</w>
|
|||
|
|
<w xml:lang="os-x-digor">Nartæmæ</w></mentioned>. Это означает, что <oRef>Nartæ</oRef> —
|
|||
|
|
форма мн. ч. (иначе имели бы только формы <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2467e1189" xml:id="mentioned_d2467e813" xml:lang="os"><w>Nart</w></mentioned>
|
|||
|
|
и <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2467e1192" xml:id="mentioned_d2467e816" xml:lang="os"><w>Nartmæ</w></mentioned>), где <c>t</c> — показатель
|
|||
|
|
множественности. С другой стороны, <oRef>Nar-tæ</oRef> — plurale tantum: единичный герой
|
|||
|
|
никогда не называется <hi rendition="#rend_italic">nar</hi>; нельзя сказать <hi rendition="#rend_italic">nar
|
|||
|
|
<?oxy_comment_start author="Vados" timestamp="20220527T174500+0300" comment="Надо ли здесь поставить звездочку?" id="rm1_jqr_25b" flag="done"?><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20220714T150624+0300" parentID="rm1_jqr_25b" comment="лучше не надо, потому что будет конфликт с реконструкцией" flag="done" mid="2"?>Batraz<?oxy_comment_end mid="2"?><?oxy_comment_end ?></hi>
|
|||
|
|
или <hi rendition="#rend_italic">nart Batraz</hi>, а только <phr>Narty Batraz</phr>
|
|||
|
|
<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Батраз (из фамилии) Нартов</q>. Иными словами, термин
|
|||
|
|
<oRef>Nartæ</oRef> образован по типу других фамильных имен в эпосе и в быту. Как <ref type="xr" target="#entry_Borætæ"><w>Borætæ</w> означает <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">потомки Бора</q></gloss></ref>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2467e1233" xml:id="mentioned_d2467e853" xml:lang="os"><w>Xsærtæggatæ</w> — <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">потомки
|
|||
|
|
Хсартага</q></gloss></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_Alægatæ"><w>Alægatæ</w> — <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">потомки
|
|||
|
|
Алага</q></gloss></ref> (названия трех главных фамилий в эпосе), так <oRef>Nartæ</oRef>
|
|||
|
|
может означать только <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">потомки Нара</q>. При истолковании
|
|||
|
|
элемента <c>nar</c> как имени предполагаемого родоначальника Нартов мало убеждает подбор
|
|||
|
|
наугад созвучных слов из иранских, кавказских или иных языков. Следует в самой эпической
|
|||
|
|
традиции найти какое-либо указание, чьими детьми мыслились герои эпоса. Такое указание
|
|||
|
|
имеется. В записанных известным этнографом Кавказа Г. Ф. <name>Чурсиным</name> солярных
|
|||
|
|
мифах осетин имеется такое утверждение: <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Когда-то у
|
|||
|
|
солнца были дети, богатыри Нарты</q> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Юго_Осетия"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>209</biblScope></bibl>). Такая генеалогия Нартов хорошо согласуется с духом
|
|||
|
|
эпоса, в котором, в особенности в циклах Сослана и Ацамаза, солнечная мифология занимает
|
|||
|
|
заметное место. Мы вправе ожидать, что в термине <oRef>Nartæ</oRef>
|
|||
|
|
<q>дети Нара</q>
|
|||
|
|
<c>nar</c> должно означать солнце. Это приводит нас к <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2467e1273" xml:id="mentioned_d2467e892" xml:lang="mn"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>nara</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>солнце</q></gloss></mentioned> как вероятному этимону термина
|
|||
|
|
<oRef>Nartæ</oRef>. Монгольские влияния в нартовском эпосе твердо установлены.
|
|||
|
|
Монгольского происхождения имена виднейших героев: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_Xæmyc"><w><?oxy_comment_start author="Vados" timestamp="20220527T175509+0300" comment="Это то же самое, что Xæmys?" id="qnl_hqr_25b" flag="done"?><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20220714T150557+0300" parentID="qnl_hqr_25b" comment="да" flag="done" mid="4"?>Xæmic<?oxy_comment_end mid="4"?><?oxy_comment_end ?></w></ref>,
|
|||
|
|
<ref type="xr" target="#entry_Batraz"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_Sajnæg"><w>Sajnæg-<?oxy_comment_start author="Vados" timestamp="20220527T175620+0300" comment="МОжно так оформить? Если это то же самое, что Sajnæg" id="ez2_hqr_25b" flag="done"?><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20220714T150552+0300" parentID="ez2_hqr_25b" comment="да" flag="done" mid="6"?>ældar<?oxy_comment_end mid="6"?><?oxy_comment_end ?></w></ref>.
|
|||
|
|
Среди аланских певцов могли быть двуязычные, владеющие и аланским и монгольским языками, и
|
|||
|
|
в этих условиях использование <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2467e1303" xml:id="mentioned_d2467e922" xml:lang="mn"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>nara</w></mentioned> в наименовании <oRef>Nar-tæ</oRef>
|
|||
|
|
<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">дети Солнца</q> было вполне возможно; <c>nar</c> служило
|
|||
|
|
как бы фольклорным названием солнца в отличие от обиходного (иранского) <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d2467e934" xml:lang="ira"><w>xūr</w> | <w>xor</w></mentioned>. Аналогичную картину находим в
|
|||
|
|
чувашском (новобулгарском). Обычное название солнца в этом языке <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2467e1321" xml:id="mentioned_d2467e939" xml:lang="cv"><w>xevel</w></mentioned>. Но в фольклоре употребительно заимствованное из <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2467e1326" xml:id="mentioned_d2467e943" xml:lang="mn"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>nar</w><note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">: <phr>nar pek xĕrlĕ xĕrsem</phr>
|
|||
|
|
<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">как солнце, красные девушки</q></note></mentioned>;
|
|||
|
|
ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2467e1336" xml:id="mentioned_d2467e954" xml:lang="cv"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>nar-tăvan</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>казан</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2467e1344" xml:id="mentioned_d2467e962" xml:lang="cv"><w>nar-tuɣan</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>святки</q></gloss>, <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">буквально <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">рождение (<w>tăvan</w>, <w>tuγan</w>) солнца
|
|||
|
|
(<w>nar</w>)</q></note>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Егоров"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>137</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. В монгольском эпосе есть
|
|||
|
|
герои, имена которых являются производными от <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2467e1371" xml:id="mentioned_d2467e987" xml:lang="mn"><w>nara(n)</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>солнце</q></gloss></mentioned>: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2467e1378" xml:id="mentioned_d2467e993" xml:lang="mn"><w>Naran-xan</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2467e1381" xml:id="mentioned_d2467e996" xml:lang="mn"><w>Naran-ulan</w></mentioned> и
|
|||
|
|
др. Таким образом, слово <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2467e1384" xml:id="mentioned_d2467e1000" xml:lang="mn"><w>nar(a)</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>солнце</q></gloss></mentioned> как фольклорное наименование солнца можно
|
|||
|
|
рассматривать как монголо-булгаро-аланскую изоглоссу. В пользу некавказского происхождения
|
|||
|
|
термина <c>nart</c> говорит также отмеченное в сагайском наречии хакасского языка
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2467e1392" xml:id="mentioned_d2467e1008" xml:lang="kjh-sghy"><w><?oxy_comment_start author="Vados" timestamp="20220527T180908+0300" comment="указать ли сагайское наречие?" id="ygm_gcs_25b" flag="done"?><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20220714T163703+0300" parentID="ygm_gcs_25b" comment="указал" flag="done" mid="8"?>nartpak<?oxy_comment_end mid="8"?><?oxy_comment_end ?></w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>богатырская сказка</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>III 651</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Термин <c>nart</c> вместе
|
|||
|
|
с соответствующими эпическими сказаниями широко распространен у народов Кавказа:
|
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2467e1411" xml:id="mentioned_d2467e1028" xml:lang="kbd" extralang="ab ady av ce dar inh krc-x-balkar krc-x-karachay sva uby"><lang>каб., адыг.,
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убых., абх., балк., карач., чеч., инг., авар., дарг., сван.</lang>
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<w>nart</w></mentioned>.<lb/><bibl><title>Изв. Сев.-Осет. научно-исслед. инст.</title>
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<date>1945</date>
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<biblScope>X 7 88—94</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">Many interpretations of this term have been proposed. Most authors
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assume it is somehow related to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2467e668" xml:id="mentioned_d2467e1045" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
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<w>nar-</w>
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<gloss><q>male</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>man</q></gloss><note type="bibl">
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[<bibl><author>Lopatinskij</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_СМК"/>
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<biblScope>XXII 3 26</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Bleichsteiner</author>.
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<title>Das Volk der Alanen</title>. <date>1918</date>, <biblScope>p.
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5</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Troubetskoy</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_MSL"/>
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<biblScope>1921 XXII 251— 252</biblScope></bibl>
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</note></mentioned> (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">the term Nart cannot be explained
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in terms of any North Caucasian language</q>;<!--<note type="footnote"><q
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rendition="#rend_doublequotes">термин Нарт не может быть разъяснен ни на одном из
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северокавказских языков</q></note>--> he derives it from <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2467e707" xml:id="mentioned_d2467e1086" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
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<w>nartama-</w> most valorous</mentioned>, superlative degree of <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2467e713" xml:id="mentioned_d2467e1092" xml:lang="ira"><w>nar-</w>
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<gloss><q>man</q></gloss></mentioned>). — <bibl><author>Rklickij</author>. <title>K
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voprosu o nartax i nartovskix skazanijax</title> [Towards the question of the Narts
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and Nart tales]. <pubPlace>Vladikavkaz</pubPlace>, <date>1927</date>, <biblScope>pp.
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32–33</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Meillet</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSL"/>
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<biblScope>1931 XXXI 77 ff</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Dumézil</author>.
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<title>Loki</title>. <date>1947</date>, <biblScope>p. 170</biblScope></bibl>. —
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<bibl><author>Bailey</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_JRAS"/><biblScope>1953,
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p. 107 ff</biblScope></bibl>. (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2467e753" xml:id="mentioned_d2467e1132" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">narθra-</w></mentioned>). — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Benveniste._Etudes"/>
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<biblScope>37</biblScope></bibl>]. Any etymology that connects <oRef>Nartæ</oRef> to
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2467e765" xml:id="mentioned_d2467e1144" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
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<w>nar-</w></mentioned> is unacceptable both semantically and formally. 1. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2467e770" xml:id="mentioned_d2467e1149" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
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<w>nar-</w></mentioned> is preserved in Ossetic in the form <ref type="xr" target="#entry_næl"><w>næl-</w>
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<gloss><q>male</q></gloss></ref>; the semantics of this word is purely sexual and does
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not have any trace of the meaning <q>hero</q>, <q>warrior</q> etc. There is no reason to
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believe that the same root also existed in Ossetic as a parallel form with a long vowel
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(<c>nar</c> in <oRef>Nartæ</oRef> would have to be derived from <c>nār-</c>, not
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<c>nar-</c>) and that it could mean <q>hero</q> or something similar. 2. The central
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figure of the Nart epics is a woman, Satana, who acts as the mother of the nation. It is
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inconceivable how in an epic cycle with such a clearly expressed matriarchal tendency the
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whole nation could be called <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">men</q>, notwithstanding
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the complete insipidity of such a name. — As seen from the corpus examples above, the best
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and most relaible recordings have the nominative form <oRef>Nartæ</oRef>, allative
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2467e804" xml:id="mentioned_d2467e1181" xml:lang="os"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">Nartæm</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">Nartæmæ</w></mentioned>. This means that <oRef>Nartæ</oRef> is a plural form
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(otherwise we would only have the forms <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2467e813" xml:id="mentioned_d2467e1189" xml:lang="os"><w>Nart</w></mentioned>
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and <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2467e816" xml:id="mentioned_d2467e1192" xml:lang="os"><w>Nartmæ</w></mentioned>), where <c>t</c> is the plural
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marker. On the other hand, <oRef>Nar-tæ</oRef> is a <foreign>plurale tantum</foreign>: a
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singular hero is never called <hi rendition="#rend_italic">nar</hi>; it is impossible to
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say <phr>nar
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<?oxy_comment_start author="Vados" timestamp="20220527T174500+0300" comment="Надо ли здесь поставить звездочку?" id="rm1_jqr_25b" flag="done"?><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20220714T150624+0300" parentID="rm1_jqr_25b" comment="лучше не надо, потому что будет конфликт с реконструкцией" flag="done" mid="10"?>Batraz<?oxy_comment_end mid="10"?><?oxy_comment_end ?></phr>
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or <phr>nart Batraz</phr>, but only <phr>Narty Batraz</phr>
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<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Batraz of (the clan of) the Narts</q>. In other words,
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the term <oRef>Nartæ</oRef> is based on the model of other clan names in the epics and in
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ordinary life. Like <ref type="xr" target="#entry_Borætæ"><w>Borætæ</w> means <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">descendants of
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<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20220714T154638+0300" comment="Bor or Boræ?"?>Boræ<?oxy_comment_end ?></q></gloss></ref>,
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2467e853" xml:id="mentioned_d2467e1233" xml:lang="os"><w>Xsærtæggatæ</w> — <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">descendants of Xsærtæg</q></gloss></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_Alægatæ"><w>Alægatæ</w> — <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">descendants of Alæg</q></gloss></ref> (names of the three main clans in the epics),
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so <oRef>Nartæ</oRef> can only mean <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">descendants of
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Nar</q>. If the element <c>nar</c> is interpreted as the name of the supposed progenitor
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of the Narts, a random collection of phonetically similar words from Iranian, Caucasian or
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other languages is hardly convincing. We should rather find some indication of whose
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children the heroes were believed to be in the epic tradition itself. Such an indication
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does exist. In the solar myths of the Ossetians recorded by the well-known ethnographer of
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the Caucasus G. F. <name>Čursin</name> the following statement is found: <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">The sun once had children, the Nart heroes</q><!--<note
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type="footnote"><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Когда-то у солнца были дети, богатыри
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Нарты.</q></note>--> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Юго_Осетия"/>
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<biblScope>209</biblScope></bibl>). Such a genealogy of the Narts corresponds well to
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the spirit of the epics, where, especially in the cycles of Soslan and Atsæmæz, a
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considerable place is occupied by solar mythology. We can therefore expect that in the
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term <oRef>Nartæ</oRef>
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<q>children of Nar</q>
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<c>nar</c> must denote the sun. This leads us to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2467e892" xml:id="mentioned_d2467e1273" xml:lang="mn"><lang/>
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<w>nara</w>
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<gloss><q>sun</q></gloss></mentioned> as the probable etymon of the term
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<oRef>Nartæ</oRef>. Mongolic influences in the Nart epics are well-established. Names of
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some of the major heroes have Mongolian origins: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_Xæmyc"><w><?oxy_comment_start author="Vados" timestamp="20220527T175509+0300" comment="Это то же самое, что Xæmys?" id="qnl_hqr_25b" flag="done"?><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20220714T150557+0300" parentID="qnl_hqr_25b" comment="да" flag="done" mid="13"?>Xæmic<?oxy_comment_end mid="13"?><?oxy_comment_end ?></w></ref>,
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<ref type="xr" target="#entry_Batraz"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_Sajnæg"><w>Sajnæg-<?oxy_comment_start author="Vados" timestamp="20220527T175620+0300" comment="МОжно так оформить? Если это то же самое, что Sajnæg" id="ez2_hqr_25b" flag="done"?><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20220714T150552+0300" parentID="ez2_hqr_25b" comment="да" flag="done" mid="15"?>ældar<?oxy_comment_end mid="15"?><?oxy_comment_end ?></w></ref>.
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Some of the Alanic bards could have been bilingual, speaking both Alanic and Mongolian,
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and in these circumstances the use of <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2467e922" xml:id="mentioned_d2467e1303" xml:lang="mn"><lang/>
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<w>nara</w></mentioned> in the name <oRef>Nar-tæ</oRef>
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<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">children of the Son</q> was quite possible; <c>nar</c>
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served as a kind of folklore name of the sun, as opposed to the common (Iranian) name <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xūr"><w>xūr</w> | <w>xor</w></ref>. A similar situation is
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found in Chuvash (New Bulgar). The common name of the son in this language is <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2467e939" xml:id="mentioned_d2467e1321" xml:lang="cv"><w>xevel</w></mentioned>. But folklore employs the <lang>Mongolian</lang>
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loanword <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2467e943" xml:id="mentioned_d2467e1326" xml:lang="mn"><w>nar</w><note xml:lang="en" type="comment">: <phr>nar
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pek xĕrlĕ xĕrsem</phr>
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<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">girls red as the sun</q></note></mentioned>; cf.
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<mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d2467e1335"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2467e954" xml:id="mentioned_d2467e1336" xml:lang="cv"><lang/>
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<w>nar-tăvan</w>
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<gloss><q>cauldron</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2467e962" xml:id="mentioned_d2467e1344" xml:lang="cv"><w>nar-tuɣan</w>
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<gloss><q>Christmastide</q></gloss></mentioned>, <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">literally <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">birth (<mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d2467e1354" xml:lang="cv"><w>tăvan</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d2467e1357" xml:lang="cv"><w>tuɣan</w></mentioned>) of
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the sun (<w>nar</w>)</q></note>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Егоров"/>
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<biblScope>137</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. In the Mongolian epics there
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are heroes whose names are derived from <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2467e987" xml:id="mentioned_d2467e1371" xml:lang="mn"><w>nara(n)</w>
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<gloss><q>sun</q></gloss></mentioned>: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2467e993" xml:id="mentioned_d2467e1378" xml:lang="mn"><w>Naran-xan</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2467e996" xml:id="mentioned_d2467e1381" xml:lang="mn"><w>Naran-ulan</w></mentioned>
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etc. Hence, the word <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2467e1000" xml:id="mentioned_d2467e1384" xml:lang="mn"><w>nar(a)</w>
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<gloss><q>sun</q></gloss></mentioned> as the folklore name of the sun can be viewed as a
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Mongol-Bulgar-Alanic isogloss. Also in favour of the non-Caucasian origin of the term
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<c>nart</c> is the word <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2467e1008" xml:id="mentioned_d2467e1392" xml:lang="kjh-sghy"><w><?oxy_comment_start author="Vados" timestamp="20220527T180908+0300" comment="указать ли сагайское наречие?"?>nartpak<?oxy_comment_end ?></w>
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<gloss><q>heroic tale</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/>
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<biblScope>III 651</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. The term <c>nart</c>
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together with the corresponding epic tales is widespread among the Caucasian peoples:
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2467e1028" xml:id="mentioned_d2467e1411" xml:lang="kbd" extralang="ab ady av ce dar inh krc-x-balkar krc-x-karachay sva uby"><lang>Kabardian,
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Adyghe, Ubykh, Abkhaz, Balkar, Karachay, Chechen, Ingush, Avar, Dargwa, Svan</lang>
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<w>nart</w></mentioned>.<lb/><bibl><title>Izvestija Severo-Osetinskogo
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naučno-issledovatelʼskogo instituta</title> [Working Papers of the North Ossetian
|
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Research Institute] <date>1945</date>
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<biblScope>X 7 88–94</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI>
|