265 lines
19 KiB
XML
265 lines
19 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">amal</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
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<biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_amal" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
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<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231225T100900+0300" comment="checked"?>
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<form xml:id="form_d2509e66" type="lemma"><orth>amal </orth></form><?oxy_comment_end ?>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d2509e69">
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<sense xml:id="sense_d2509e70">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>возможность</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>possibility</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d2509e79">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>средство</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>means</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">; ср. по значению <ref type="xr" target="#entry_maʒal"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fadat"/></note>
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="en">; cf. in meaning <ref type="xr" target="#entry_maʒal"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fadat"/></note>
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<re xml:id="re_d2509e89">
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<form xml:id="form_d2509e91" type="lemma"><orth>amal kænyn</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d2509e94">
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<sense xml:id="sense_d2509e95">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>добывать</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>procure</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d2509e104">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>доставать</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>obtain</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d2509e115">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d2509e117">
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<quote>k˳yd sæ banygænon, ūmæn nicy <oRef>amal</oRef> aryn</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>не нахожу способа, чтобы их похоронить</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>I find no way to bury them</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Нарт._сказ."/>
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<biblScope>13</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d2509e136">
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<quote>æz, <oRef>amal</oRef> wævgæjæ, dæwæn nīcy bacawærdʒynæn</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>я, в пределах возможности, ничего для тебя не пожалею</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>as far as it is possible, I will not spare anything for you</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Брит."/>
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<biblScope>146</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d2509e155">
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<quote>xūdinæg ū binonty ænæ færæz ænæ <oRef>amalæj</oRef> nywwaʒyn</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>стыдно оставлять семью без ресурсов, без средств</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>it is a shame to leave a family without resources, without funds</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Брит."/>
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<biblScope>139</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d2509e174">
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<quote>Marine syvællony <oRef>amaltæj</oRef> xæssyn bajdydta</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>Марине начала с трудностями растить ребенка</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>Marina, with difficulties, began raising the child</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
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<biblScope>94</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d2509e193" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>ci <oRef>amalæj</oRef> æj fesafon?</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>каким способом его погубить?</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>by what means to destroy him?</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/>
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<biblScope>8<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">3</hi></biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d2509e216" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>dæsnij <oRef>amal</oRef> in kænun ǧæwūj</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>надо раздобыть для него знахаря</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>a healer should be found for him</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Bes._Ka_ke"/>
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<biblScope>21</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d2509e238" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>tillægi kust næ fiddæltæ <oRef>tuxamælttæj</oRef> kodtoncæ</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>хлебопашеством наши предки занимались с трудностями</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>our ancestors did agricultural work with difficulties</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Sam."/>
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<biblScope>130</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d2509e260">
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<quote>ūd <oRef>amælttæj</oRef> airvæzt bīræǧ</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>едва-едва (с большими трудностями) спасся волк</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>the wolf barely (with great difficulty) escaped</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
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<biblScope>III 168</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d2509e279" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>næ oʒænæn æz <oRef>ænamal</oRef></quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>я не буду без средств</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>I will not be without means</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
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<biblScope>52</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d2509e301" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>æz ba xuskʼæ sogtæ æma ciraǧi <oRef>amal</oRef> eskæmi
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fækkænon</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>я где-нибудь раздобуду сухие дрова и лучину</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>I will get some dry wood and a splinter somewhere</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
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<biblScope>1940 III 60</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Из <mentioned><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2509e484" xml:id="mentioned_d2509e326" xml:lang="ar" extralang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>ʽamal</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2509e489" xml:id="mentioned_d2509e331" xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
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<w>amel</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2509e494" xml:id="mentioned_d2509e336" xml:lang="trk"><w>amal</w></mentioned>
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<gloss><q>действие</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>дело</q></gloss>, а также
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<gloss><q>средство</q></gloss>,
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<gloss><q>хитрость</q></gloss></mentioned>; налично во всех кавказских
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языках, подвергшихся мусульманскому влиянию: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2509e506" xml:id="mentioned_d2509e348" xml:lang="lez"><lang/>
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<w>ʽamal</w>
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<gloss><q>хитрость</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>дело</q></gloss>,
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<gloss><q>занятие</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2509e527" xml:id="mentioned_d2509e369" xml:lang="dar"><lang/>
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<w>amal</w>
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<gloss><q>нрав</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2509e535" xml:id="mentioned_d2509e377" xml:lang="av"><lang/>
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<w>amal</w>
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<gloss><q>нрав</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>характер</q></gloss></mentioned>,
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2509e549" xml:id="mentioned_d2509e391" xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
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<w>amal</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2509e555" xml:id="mentioned_d2509e397" xml:lang="inh"><lang/>
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<w>oamal</w>
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<gloss><q>нрав</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>обычай</q></gloss>,
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<gloss><q>возможность</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2509e575" xml:id="mentioned_d2509e417" xml:lang="kbd"><lang/>
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<w>amal</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2509e580" xml:id="mentioned_d2509e422" xml:lang="kbd"><w>hamal</w>
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<gloss><q>способ</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>средство</q></gloss>,
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<gloss><q>уловка</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>хитрость</q></gloss>,
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<gloss><q>кознь</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2509e611" xml:id="mentioned_d2509e453" xml:lang="abq"><lang/>
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<w>amál</w>
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<gloss><q>возможность</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2509e619" xml:id="mentioned_d2509e461" xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><lang/>
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<w>amal</w>
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<gloss><q>способ</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>выход (из
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затруднения)</q></gloss></mentioned>. Семантическое развитие: от исходного
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значения <gloss><q>действие</q></gloss>, с одной стороны, — <gloss><q>образ
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действий</q></gloss> → <gloss><q>поведение</q></gloss>,
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<gloss><q>нрав</q></gloss> (авар., чеч.., инг.), с другой —
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<gloss><q>способ действия</q></gloss> → <gloss><q>прием</q></gloss>,
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<gloss><q>уловка</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>средство</q></gloss>,
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<gloss><q>хитрость</q></gloss> (тюрк., лезг., каб., абаз., балк.,
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ос.).<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
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<biblScope>93</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">From <mentioned><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2509e326" xml:id="mentioned_d2509e484" xml:lang="ar" extralang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>ʽamal</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2509e331" xml:id="mentioned_d2509e489" xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
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<w>amel</w>, <w>amal</w></mentioned>
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<gloss><q>action</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>affair</q></gloss>, and also
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<gloss><q>means</q></gloss>,
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<gloss><q>trickery</q></gloss></mentioned>; found in all Caucasian languages
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affected by Muslim influence: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2509e348" xml:id="mentioned_d2509e506" xml:lang="lez"><lang/>
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<w>ʽamal</w>
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<gloss><q>trickery</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>affair</q></gloss>,
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<gloss><q>occupation</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2509e369" xml:id="mentioned_d2509e527" xml:lang="dar"><lang/>
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<w>amal</w>
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<gloss><q>temper</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2509e377" xml:id="mentioned_d2509e535" xml:lang="av"><lang/>
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<w>amal</w>
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<gloss><q>temper</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>character</q></gloss></mentioned>,
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2509e391" xml:id="mentioned_d2509e549" xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
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<w>amal</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2509e397" xml:id="mentioned_d2509e555" xml:lang="inh"><lang/>
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<w>oamal</w>
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<gloss><q>temper</q></gloss>,
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<gloss><q><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231225T100446+0300" comment="обычай"?>habit<?oxy_comment_end ?></q></gloss>,
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<gloss><q>possibility</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2509e417" xml:id="mentioned_d2509e575" xml:lang="kbd"><lang/>
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<w>amal</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2509e422" xml:id="mentioned_d2509e580" xml:lang="kbd"><w>hamal</w>
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<gloss><q>method</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>means</q></gloss>,
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<gloss><q>trick</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>trickery</q></gloss>,
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<gloss><q>intrigue</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2509e453" xml:id="mentioned_d2509e611" xml:lang="abq"><lang/>
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<w>amál</w>
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<gloss><q>possibility</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2509e461" xml:id="mentioned_d2509e619" xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><lang/>
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<w>amal</w>
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<gloss><q>method</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>solution (of a
|
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difficulty)</q></gloss></mentioned>. The semantic development is from
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the initial meaning <gloss><q>action</q></gloss> towards, on the one hand,
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<gloss><q>a course of action</q></gloss> →
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<gloss><q>behaviour</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>temper</q></gloss> (Avar,
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Chechen, Ingush), on the other hand, <gloss><q>manner of action</q></gloss> →
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<gloss><q>method</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>trick</q></gloss>,
|
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<gloss><q>means</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>trickery</q></gloss> (Turkic,
|
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Lezgian, Kabardian, Balkar, Ossetic).<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
|
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<biblScope>93</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
|
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|
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</entry>
|
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</body>
|
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</text>
|
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</TEI>
|