274 lines
23 KiB
XML
274 lines
23 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">arǧ</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
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<biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_arǧ" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
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<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240103T003208+0300" comment="checked"?>
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<form xml:id="form_d4400e66" type="lemma"><orth>arǧ</orth></form><?oxy_comment_end ?>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d4400e69">
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<sense xml:id="sense_d4400e70">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>цена</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>price</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d4400e79">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>выкуп</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>ransom</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d4400e89">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d4400e91">
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<quote><oRef>arǧ</oRef> nal wyd mæ k˳ystæn</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>не было больше цены моей работе</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>my work no longer had any value</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
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<biblScope>59</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d4400e110">
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<quote>komy <oRef>arǧ</oRef> læg</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>человек, который стоит (целого) ущелья</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>a man who is worth a (whole) gorge</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d4400e125">
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<quote>fonʒ somy <oRef>arǧ</oRef> ʒūl balxæn</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>купи на пять рублей хлеба</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>buy five rubles’ (worth of) bread</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d4400e140">
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<quote>kænæ cavær <oRef>arǧ</oRef> radʒæn læg jæ ūdy bæsty?</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>или какой выкуп даст человек за душу свою?</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>…or what shall a man give in exchange for his soul?</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Марк"/>
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<biblScope><hi rendition="#rend_italic">8</hi> 37</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d4400e159">
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<quote>rarvītūt axæst <oRef>arǧ</oRef>;
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<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240102T155033+0300" comment="NB: "сто сотен" как сӕдӕ сӕдӕ, сущ. во мн.ч."?>sædæ
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sædæ īwsion galtæ<?oxy_comment_end ?></quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>вышлите выкуп за пленного: сто сотен однорогих быков</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>send ransom for the captive:
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<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240102T155117+0300" comment="not sure about the syntax of the translatoin (the original is also unusual)"?>a
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hundred hundreds of one-horned bulls<?oxy_comment_end ?></q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭп."/>
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<biblScope>25</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d4400e179">
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<quote>læværdta myn jæ særy bæsty styr <oRef>arǧ</oRef></quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>давала мне за себя (<q>за свою голову</q>) большой выкуп</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>she gave me a large
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<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240102T155253+0300" comment="I am not sure if ransom is the right translation in this case"?>ransom<?oxy_comment_end ?>
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for herself (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes"><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240102T155226+0300" comment="replaced Abaev's translation by a more literal one"?>instead
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of her head<?oxy_comment_end ?></q>)</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Puškin._Arhau"/>
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<biblScope>4</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d4400e198">
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<quote>jæ nyxasæn īw ḱysyl <oRef>arǧ</oRef> yskænūt</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>хоть немного уважьте его слово</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>give at least a little respect (lit. <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">price</q>) for his word</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Брит."/>
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<biblScope>22</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d4400e217" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>aslan <oRef>arǧæj</oRef> ǧog balxædton</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>по дешевой цене я купил корову</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>for a
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<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240102T155432+0300" comment=""small price" would be better in English, but Ossetic (and Abaev's translation) literally has "cheap price""?>cheap
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price<?oxy_comment_end ?> I bought a cow</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">. — В то время как термины денег и денежного
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обращения являются в осетинском относительно новыми и усвоенными извне (см. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æxca"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_som_2"/>,
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<ref type="xr" target="#entry_tuman"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_abazi"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_swari"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kapek6k9"><w>kapekk</w></ref>), термины <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">торговли</hi> относятся к старому иранскому
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фонду, см. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7lxænyn"><w>lxænyn</w>
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<gloss><q>покупать</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wæj"><phr>wæj kænyn</phr>
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<gloss><q>продавать</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fīdyn"><w>fīdyn</w>
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<gloss><q>платить</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_myzd"><w>myzd</w>
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<gloss><q>плата</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wacajrag"><w>wacajrag</w>
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<gloss><q>пленный</q></gloss></ref>. Все эти термины идут еще из той
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относительно ранней эпохи, которую отражают древнейшие памятники и других
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индоевропейских народов, когда торговля сводилась к натуральному обмену и
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обычной меновой единицей служил скот (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Schrader"/>
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<biblScope>s. v. <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Нandel</q> и <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Geld</q></biblScope></bibl>).
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Из<oRef/> с присоединением <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zyn"><w>zyn</w>
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<gloss><q>трудный</q></gloss></ref> образовано <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zynarǧ"><w>zynarǧ</w>
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<gloss><q>дорогой</q></gloss></ref>; более новыми для осетинского являются
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<ref type="xr" target="#entry_qazar"><w>qazar</w>
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<gloss><q>дорогой</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_aslam"><w>aslam</w>
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<gloss><q>дешевый</q></gloss></ref>, а также <ref type="xr" target="#entry_pajda"><w>pajda</w>
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<gloss><q>барыш</q></gloss></ref> и <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zian"><w>zian</w>
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<gloss><q>убыток</q></gloss></ref>, равно как <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xarʒ_1"><w>xarʒ</w>
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<gloss><q/></gloss></ref>.</note>
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="en">— While the terms for money and money circulation
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are relatively new in Ossetic and are borrowed from other languages (see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æxca"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_som_2"/>,
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<ref type="xr" target="#entry_tuman"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_abazi"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_swari"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kapek6k9"><w>kapekk</w></ref>), the terms of <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">trade</hi> belong to the old Iranian vocabulary,
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see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7lxænyn"><w>lxænyn</w>
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<gloss><q>to buy</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wæj"><phr>wæj kænyn</phr>
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<gloss><q>to sell</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fīdyn"><w>fīdyn</w>
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<gloss><q>to pay</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_myzd"><w>myzd</w>
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<gloss><q>payment</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wacajrag"><w>wacajrag</w>
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<gloss><q>captive</q></gloss></ref>. All these terms come from the
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relatively early period, also reflected in the most ancient sources for other
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Indo-European peoples, when trade was reduced to natural exchange and cattle
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served as the usual unit of exchange (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Schrader"/>
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<biblScope>s.v. <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Нandel</q> and <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Geld</q></biblScope></bibl>). The
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combination of <oRef/> with <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zyn"><w>zyn</w>
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<gloss><q>difficult</q></gloss></ref> resulted in <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zynarǧ"><w>zynarǧ</w>
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<gloss><q>expensive</q></gloss></ref>; the more recent terms for Ossetic
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are: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qazar"><w>qazar</w>
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<gloss><q>expensive</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_aslam"><w>aslam</w>
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<gloss><q>cheap</q></gloss></ref>, as well as <ref type="xr" target="#entry_pajda"><w>pajda</w>
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<gloss><q>profit</q></gloss></ref> and <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zian"><w>zian</w>
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<gloss><q>loss, damage</q></gloss></ref>, and also <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xarʒ_1"><w>xarʒ</w>
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<gloss><q>expense</q></gloss></ref></note>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Ос. <oRef/> имеет многочисленные иранские и индоевропейские
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соответствия: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4400e459" xml:id="mentioned_d4400e309" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">arɣ</w> (<w>ʼrɣ</w>) <gloss><q>цена</q></gloss></mentioned>,
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4400e467" xml:id="mentioned_d4400e317" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>arz</w>
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<gloss><q>цена</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4400e475" xml:id="mentioned_d4400e325" xml:lang="fa"><w>arzīdan</w>
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<gloss><q>стоить</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4400e481" xml:id="mentioned_d4400e331" xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
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<w>arǰ</w>
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<gloss><q>цена</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4400e489" xml:id="mentioned_d4400e339" xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">(из иранского?
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<bibl><author>Pedersen</author>
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<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KZ"/>
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<biblScope>36, 76</biblScope></bibl>)</note>
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<w>yargem</w>
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<gloss><q>ценю</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4400e504" xml:id="mentioned_d4400e354" xml:lang="xcl"><w>yargun</w>
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<gloss><q>ценный</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4400e510" xml:id="mentioned_d4400e360" xml:lang="xcl"><w>anarg</w>
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<gloss><q>недостойный</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>ничтожный</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231231T155617+0300" comment="check what exactly this refers to"?><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Arm._Gr."/>
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<biblScope>I
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447</biblScope></bibl><?oxy_comment_end ?>)</note></mentioned>,<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4400e526" xml:id="mentioned_d4400e376" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>arəg-</w>
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<gloss><q>стоить</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4400e534" xml:id="mentioned_d4400e384" xml:lang="ae"><w>arəjah-</w>
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<gloss><q>цена</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4400e541" xml:id="mentioned_d4400e391" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>arghá-</w>
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<gloss><q>цена</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4400e549" xml:id="mentioned_d4400e399" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>arh-</w>
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<gloss><q>стоить</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4400e555" xml:id="mentioned_d4400e405" xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
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<w>alga</w>
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<gloss><q>плата</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4400e563" xml:id="mentioned_d4400e413" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
|
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<w>ἀλφή</w>
|
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<gloss><q>прибыль</q></gloss></mentioned>. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4400e571" xml:id="mentioned_d4400e421" xml:lang="hu"><lang>Венг.</lang>
|
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<w>ár</w>
|
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<gloss><q>цена</q></gloss></mentioned> одни склонны считать усвоенным из
|
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осетинского (аланского): <bibl><author>Munkácsi</author>
|
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|
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<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KSz."/>
|
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<biblScope>IV 381</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Sköld._Oss."/>
|
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<biblScope>96, 97</biblScope></bibl>; другие рассматривают <mentioned xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
|
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<w>ár</w></mentioned> как исконно угро-финское: <bibl><author>Z. Gombосz és
|
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|
|
J. Мeliсh</author>. <title>Magyar etymologiai szótàr</title>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">116 сл.</biblScope></bibl>.<lb/><bibl>Вс.
|
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|
|
<author>Миллер</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">ОЭ</ref>
|
|||
|
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<biblScope>II 50</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr.">Gr.</ref>
|
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|
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<biblScope>25</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
|
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|
|
<biblScope>66</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
|
|||
|
|
<etym xml:lang="en">The Ossetic <oRef/> has numerous Iranian and Indo-European
|
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|
|
correspondences: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4400e309" xml:id="mentioned_d4400e459" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w type="rec">arɣ</w> (<w>ʼrɣ</w>) <gloss><q>price</q></gloss></mentioned>,
|
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|
|
<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4400e317" xml:id="mentioned_d4400e467" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
|
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|
|
<w>arz</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>price</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4400e325" xml:id="mentioned_d4400e475" xml:lang="fa"><w>arzīdan</w>
|
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|
|
<gloss><q>cost</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4400e331" xml:id="mentioned_d4400e481" xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>arǰ</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>price</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4400e339" xml:id="mentioned_d4400e489" xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="comment" xml:lang="en">(from Iranian?
|
|||
|
|
<bibl><author>Pedersen</author>
|
|||
|
|
<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KZ"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>36, 76</biblScope></bibl>)</note>
|
|||
|
|
<w>yargem</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>(I) value</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4400e354" xml:id="mentioned_d4400e504" xml:lang="xcl"><w>yargun</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>valuable</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4400e360" xml:id="mentioned_d4400e510" xml:lang="xcl"><w>anarg</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>unworthy</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>insignificant</q></gloss>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="bibl">(<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231231T155617+0300" comment="check what exactly this refers to"?><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Arm._Gr."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>I
|
|||
|
|
447</biblScope></bibl><?oxy_comment_end ?>)</note></mentioned>,<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4400e376" xml:id="mentioned_d4400e526" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>arəg-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>to cost</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4400e384" xml:id="mentioned_d4400e534" xml:lang="ae"><w>arəjah-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>price</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4400e391" xml:id="mentioned_d4400e541" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>arghá-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>price</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4400e399" xml:id="mentioned_d4400e549" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>arh-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>to cost</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4400e405" xml:id="mentioned_d4400e555" xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>alga</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>price</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4400e413" xml:id="mentioned_d4400e563" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>ἀλφή</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>profit</q></gloss></mentioned>. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4400e421" xml:id="mentioned_d4400e571" xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>ár</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>price</q></gloss></mentioned>is considered by some to be a
|
|||
|
|
loanword from Ossetic (Alanic): <bibl><author>Munkácsi</author>
|
|||
|
|
<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KSz."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>IV 381</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Sköld._Oss."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>96, 97</biblScope></bibl>; others consider <mentioned xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>ár</w></mentioned> a native Finno-Ugric word: <bibl><author>Z. Gombосz és
|
|||
|
|
J. Мeliсh</author>
|
|||
|
|
<title>Magyar etymologiai szótàr</title>, <biblScope xml:lang="en">116
|
|||
|
|
ff.</biblScope></bibl>.<lb/><bibl>Ws. <author>Miller</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">OÈ</ref>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>II 50</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr.">Gr.</ref>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>25</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>66</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
|
|||
|
|
</entry>
|
|||
|
|
</body>
|
|||
|
|
</text>
|
|||
|
|
</TEI>
|