225 lines
20 KiB
XML
225 lines
20 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">avg</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
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<biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_avg" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="complete">
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<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240120T180431+0300" comment="checked"?>
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<form xml:id="form_d5667e66" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>avg</orth></form><?oxy_comment_end ?>
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<form xml:id="form_d5667e69" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>avgæ</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d5667e72">
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<sense xml:id="sense_d5667e73">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>стекло</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>glass</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d5667e82">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>бутылка</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>bottle</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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<re xml:id="re_d5667e92">
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<form xml:id="form_d5667e94" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>avǵyn</orth></form>
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<form xml:id="form_d5667e97" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>avgin</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d5667e100">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>стеклянный</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>of glass</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d5667e111">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d5667e113">
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<quote>axæm xæʒar wyd æmæ jæ kʼultæ ærǧæw, jæ byn — cʼæx <oRef>avg</oRef>,
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jæ sær — sæwwon stʼaly</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>такой был дом: стены — перламутр, пол — синее стекло, верх — утренняя
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звезда</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>such was the house that its walls (were) nacre, its floor (was) blue
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glass, its top (was) the morning star</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Нарт._сказ."/>
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<biblScope>8</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d5667e132">
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<quote><oRef>ævgtæ</oRef> rænqæj læwwydysty fyngyl</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>бутылки стояли в ряд на столе</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>bottles stood in a row on the table</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d5667e147" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>Totaj esuj <oRef>avgæ</oRef></quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>Тотай берет бутылку</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>Totay takes the bottle</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
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<biblScope>101</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Не случайна близость к <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5667e356" xml:id="mentioned_d5667e173" xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
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<w>ap’ak’i</w>
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<gloss><q>стекло</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>хрусталь</q></gloss></mentioned>.
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Оба слова восходят к общему иранскому источнику: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5667e370" xml:id="mentioned_d5667e187" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">āpaka</w></mentioned>, от <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5667e375" xml:id="mentioned_d5667e192" xml:lang="ira"><w>āp-</w>
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<gloss><q>вода</q></gloss></mentioned>, ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5667e383" xml:id="mentioned_d5667e200" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>ābgīna</w>
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<gloss><q>стекло</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>хрусталь</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Arm._Gr."/>
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<biblScope>I 103</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>,
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<mentioned><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5667e402" xml:id="mentioned_d5667e219" xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
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<w>āpakēnak</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5667e407" xml:id="mentioned_d5667e224" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">āpᵃkēn-</w>, <w type="rec">āpᵃkēnak</w>, <w type="rec">āpᵃkēnč</w> (<w>ʼʼpkyn-</w>, <w>ʼʼpkynʼk</w>,
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<w>ʼʼpkynčh</w>)</mentioned>
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<gloss><q>хрусталь</q></gloss></mentioned>. Первоначальное значение было бы
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в этом случае: <gloss><q>подобное воде</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>прозрачное, как
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вода</q></gloss>.<note type="footnote" xml:lang="ru" n="1">К.
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<name>Штейнен</name> пишет ο туземцах Бразилии:
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<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240120T173757+0300" comment="make a quote?"?><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Зеркало они называли
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водой</q><?oxy_comment_end ?>. Ср. также выражение <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">чистой воды</q> о драгоценных камнях. В
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аварском <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d5667e539" xml:lang="av"><w>cer</w>
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значит <gloss><q>лед</q></gloss>,
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<gloss><q>стекло</q></gloss></mentioned>.</note> Ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5667e418" xml:id="mentioned_d5667e235" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>āb-i xušk</w>
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<gloss><q>стекло</q></gloss></mentioned>, <gloss><q>хрусталь</q> (<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">сухая вода</q></gloss>)</gloss>.
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Точные эквиваленты находим в памирских языках в значении
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<gloss><q>вода</q></gloss>: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5667e433" xml:id="mentioned_d5667e250" xml:lang="wbl"><lang/>
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<w>yupk, yápak</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5667e438" xml:id="mentioned_d5667e255" xml:lang="mnj"><lang/>
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<w>yówga</w>, <w>yaogha</w>
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<note type="comment">(из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">āpaka</w></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>, ср. также <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5667e443" xml:id="mentioned_d5667e260" xml:lang="zza"><lang/>
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<w>āūk</w>
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<gloss><q>Wasser</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KPF"/>
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<biblScope xml:lang="ru">Abt. III, Bd. IV, стр.
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280</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Данное разъяснение
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позволяет заключить о весьма давнем знакомстве осетин со стеклом. Действительно,
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изделия из стекла — сосуды, вставные украшения из цветного стекла и пр. —
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составляют характерный признак сарматских погребений с первых веков н. э.
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5667e456" xml:id="mentioned_d5667e273" xml:lang="hu"><lang>Венг.</lang>
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<w>üveg</w>, <w>eveg</w>
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<gloss><q>стекло</q></gloss></mentioned> усвоено, по-видимому, из
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осетинского (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KSz."/>
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<biblScope>321</biblScope></bibl>). То же самое можно утверждать
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относительно <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5667e469" xml:id="mentioned_d5667e286" xml:lang="kbd" extralang="kbd-x-crc"><lang/>
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<w>abg</w>, <w>yabg</w>, <w>apkə</w>
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<gloss><q>стекло</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>стакан</q></gloss></mentioned>,
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вопреки <bibl>G. <author>Sсhmidt</author>’у (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_FUF"/>
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<biblScope>XVIII 2, 98</biblScope>)</bibl>. Следы <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5667e487" xml:id="mentioned_d5667e304" xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
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<w>āp-</w>
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<gloss><q>вода</q></gloss></mentioned>, которое отдельно в данном значении в
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осетинском не сохранилось (см. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_don"><w>don</w>
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<gloss><q>вода</q></gloss></ref>), можно усмотреть еще в <ref type="xr" target="#entry_arf"><w>arf</w>
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<gloss><q>глубокий</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æxsærʒæn"><w>æxsærʒæn</w>
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<gloss><q>водопад</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ævsurǧ"><w>ævsurǧ</w>
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<gloss><q>фильтрат пива</q></gloss></ref>. <lang>Скифские</lang> имена
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5667e504" xml:id="mentioned_d5667e321" xml:lang="xsc"><w>Ἀβδάρακος</w></mentioned> и <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5667e509" xml:id="mentioned_d5667e326" xml:lang="xsc"><w>Ἀβνῶζος</w></mentioned> содержат в первой части старое <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5667e514" xml:id="mentioned_d5667e331" xml:lang="xsc"><lang/>
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<w>āb</w>
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<gloss><q>вода</q></gloss></mentioned>.<lb/><bibl><author>Bailey</author>
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<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSOS"/>
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<biblScope>IX 75</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><title>Zoroastrian
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Problems</title>
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<biblScope xml:lang="ru">1943, стр. 130 сл.</biblScope></bibl> — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
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<biblScope>19, 56, 88, 153, 335, 352</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">The proximity to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5667e173" xml:id="mentioned_d5667e356" xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
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<w>ap’ak’i</w>
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<gloss><q>glass</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>crystal</q></gloss></mentioned> is
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not accidental. Both words go back to the same Iranian source: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5667e370" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">āpaka</w></mentioned>, from <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5667e375" xml:lang="ira"><w>āp-</w>
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<gloss><q>water</q></gloss></mentioned>, cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5667e383" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>ābgīna</w>
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<gloss><q>glass</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>crystal</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Arm._Gr."/>
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<biblScope>I 103</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>,
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<mentioned><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5667e402" xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
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<w>āpakēnak</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5667e407" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">āpᵃkēn-</w>, <w type="rec">āpᵃkēnak</w>, <w type="rec">āpᵃkēnč</w> (<w>ʼʼpkyn-</w>, <w>ʼʼpkynʼk</w>,
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<w>ʼʼpkynčh</w>)</mentioned>
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<gloss><q>crystal</q></gloss></mentioned>. The original meaning in this case
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would be <gloss><q>waterlike</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>transparent like
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water</q></gloss>.<note type="footnote" xml:lang="en" n="1">K. von
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<name>Steinen</name> writes about the Brazilian natives:
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<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240120T175528+0300" comment="make a quote?"?><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">They called the mirror
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water.</q><?oxy_comment_end ?> Consider also the expression <phr>of the first
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water</phr> used of precious stones. In Avar, <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d5667e558" xml:lang="av"><w>cer</w> means
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<gloss><q>ice</q></gloss>,
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<gloss><q>glass</q></gloss></mentioned>.</note> Cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5667e235" xml:id="mentioned_d5667e418" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>āb-i xušk</w>
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<gloss><q>glass</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>crystal</q></gloss> (<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">dry water</q></gloss>)</mentioned>.
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Exact equivalents with the meaning <gloss><q>water</q></gloss> can be found in
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the Pamir languages: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5667e250" xml:id="mentioned_d5667e433" xml:lang="wbl"><lang/>
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<w>yupk</w>, <w>yápak</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5667e255" xml:id="mentioned_d5667e438" xml:lang="mnj"><lang/>
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<w>yówga</w>, <w>yaogha</w>
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<note type="comment">(from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">āpaka</w></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>, cf. also <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5667e260" xml:id="mentioned_d5667e443" xml:lang="zza"><lang/>
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<w>āūk</w>
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<gloss><q>Wasser</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KPF"/>
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<biblScope xml:lang="en">Abt. III, Bd. IV, p.
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280</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. This explanation allows us
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to conclude that the Ossetians have been acquainted with glass for a very long
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time. Indeed, glassware — vessels, inserted decorations made of coloured glass,
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etc. — have been a characteristic feature of Sarmatian burial places from the
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first centuries AD. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5667e273" xml:id="mentioned_d5667e456" xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
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<w>üveg</w>, <w>eveg</w>
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<gloss><q>glass</q></gloss></mentioned> is apparently adopted from the
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Ossetic (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KSz."/>
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<biblScope>321</biblScope></bibl>). The same can be said for <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5667e286" xml:id="mentioned_d5667e469" xml:lang="kbd" extralang="kbd-x-crc"><lang/>
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<w>abg</w>, <w>yabg</w>, <w>apkə </w><gloss><q>the glass
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(material)</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>a glass
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(vessel)</q></gloss></mentioned>, contra <bibl>G. <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Sсhmidt</hi> (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_FUF"/>
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<biblScope>XVIII 2, 98</biblScope>)</bibl>. The trace of <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5667e304" xml:id="mentioned_d5667e487" xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
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<w>āp-</w>
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<gloss><q>water</q></gloss></mentioned>, which has not been preserved
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separately in this meaning in the Ossetic (see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_don"><w>don</w>
|
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<gloss><q>water</q></gloss></ref>) can also be seen in <ref type="xr" target="#entry_arf"><w>arf</w>
|
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<gloss><q>deep</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æxsærʒæn"><w>æxsærʒæn</w>
|
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<gloss><q>waterfall</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ævsurǧ"><w>ævsurǧ</w>
|
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<gloss><q>beer filtrate</q></gloss></ref>. The <lang>Scythian</lang> names
|
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|
<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5667e321" xml:id="mentioned_d5667e504" xml:lang="xsc"><w>Ἀβδάρακος</w></mentioned> and <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5667e326" xml:id="mentioned_d5667e509" xml:lang="xsc"><lang/>
|
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<w>Ἀβνῶζος</w></mentioned> contain in their first parts the word <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5667e331" xml:id="mentioned_d5667e514" xml:lang="xsc"><lang/>
|
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<w>āb</w>
|
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<gloss><q>water</q></gloss></mentioned>.<lb/><bibl><author>Bailey</author>
|
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<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSOS"/>
|
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<biblScope>IX 75</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><title>Zoroastrian
|
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|
|
Problems</title>
|
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|
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<biblScope xml:lang="en">1943, p. 130 ff.</biblScope></bibl> — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
|
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<biblScope>19, 56, 88, 153, 335, 352</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
|
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|
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</entry>
|
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|
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</body>
|
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</text>
|
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</TEI>
|