360 lines
26 KiB
XML
360 lines
26 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">bæx</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
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<biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_bæx" xml:lang="os">
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<form xml:id="form_d2823e66" type="lemma"><orth>bæx</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d2823e69">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>лошадь</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>horse</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d2823e79">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d2823e81">
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<quote>bæx baræggænæg næw</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>конь не делает всадника</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>a horse does not make a horseman</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/><biblScope>III
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194</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d2823e100">
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<quote>ædsarǧ, ædwīdon bæx</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>лошадь с седлом и уздечкой</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>a horse with saddle and bridle</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d2823e115" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>Uruzmæg… æ bæx bæxti farsmæ babasta</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>Урузмаг привязал своего коня рядом c конями</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>Uruzmæg tethered his horse near horses</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>433</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d2823e137">
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<quote>xīzync ærtæ bæxy</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>пасутся три лошади</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>three horses are browsing</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/><biblScope>69</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d2823e156" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>i kizgæ wærduni… rabadtæj æ bæxdærægi xæccæ</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>девушка уселась в колесницу с погонщиком</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q/>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>432</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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<re xml:id="re_d2823e176">
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<form xml:id="form_d2823e178" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>bæxræǧaw</orth></form>
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<form xml:id="form_d2823e181" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>bæxærǧaw</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d2823e184">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>табун лошадей</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>herd of horses</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d2823e194">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d2823e196">
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<quote>dæ bæxærǧaw din fættardæ uj</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>угоняют твой табун</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>your herd is being chased away</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/><biblScope>II
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71</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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</re>
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<re xml:id="re_d2823e217">
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<form xml:id="form_d2823e219" type="lemma"><orth>bæxgæs</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d2823e222">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>табунщик</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>horseherd</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d2823e232">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d2823e234">
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<quote>bacydīs bæxgæsmæ</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>пришел к табунщику</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>[he] came to the horseherd</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Munk."/><biblScope>14</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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</re>
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<re xml:id="re_d2823e256">
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<form xml:id="form_d2823e258" type="lemma"><orth>bæxbæddæn</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d2823e261">
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<sense xml:id="sense_d2823e262">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>коновязь</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>tethering</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d2823e271">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>ключица</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>clavicle</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d2823e281">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d2823e283" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>duwwadæs bæxi bæxbæddæntæbæl baftudta</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>двенадцать лошадей он привязал к коновязям</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>he tied twelve horses to tetherings</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/><biblScope>II
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71</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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</re>
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<re xml:id="re_d2823e307">
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<form xml:id="form_d2823e309" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>bæxǵyn</orth></form>
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<form xml:id="form_d2823e312" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>bæxgin</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d2823e315">
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<sense xml:id="sense_d2823e316">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>всадник</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>horseman</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d2823e325">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>конный</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>horse</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d2823e335">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d2823e337">
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<quote>ʒyxǵyn — bæxǵyn, ænæʒyx — wærǵǵyn</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>речистый — (как) конный, лишенный (дара) речи — (как) несущий
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груз</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>voluble — like horse (<hi rendition="#rend_bold">mounted</hi>?),
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without gift of speech — like carrying weight</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/><biblScope>III
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243</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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</re>
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<re xml:id="re_d2823e358">
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<form xml:id="form_d2823e360" type="lemma"><orth>bæxʒarm</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d2823e363">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>лошадиная шкура, кожа</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>horse coat, skin</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re xml:id="re_d2823e374">
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<form xml:id="form_d2823e376" type="lemma"><orth>bæxtæræg</orth><form xml:id="form_d2823e378" type="variant"><orth>bæxdæræg</orth><note type="comment" xml:lang="ru"> (в д. также <hi rendition="#rend_italic">bæxʒoræg</hi>, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">bæxmæʒoræg</hi>)</note><note type="comment" xml:lang="en"> (in Digor also <hi rendition="#rend_italic">bæxʒoræg</hi>, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">bæxmæʒoræg</hi>)</note></form></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d2823e385">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>погонщик лошадей</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>horse driver</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d2823e395">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d2823e397">
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<quote>…raxabar kodta bæxmæʒoræg</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>…сообщил погонщик лошадей</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>…reported the horse driver</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_SD"/><biblScope>194%l2%l</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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</re>
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<re xml:id="re_d2823e435">
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<form xml:id="form_d2823e437" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>bæxdon</orth></form>
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<form xml:id="form_d2823e440" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>bæxdonæ</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d2823e443">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>конюшня</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>stable</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re xml:id="re_d2823e454">
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<form xml:id="form_d2823e456" type="lemma"><orth>wælbæxæj</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d2823e459">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>не слезая с коня</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>without dismounting from a horse</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d2823e469">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d2823e471">
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<quote>wælbæxæj fevnældta…</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>не слезая с коня, он схватил…</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>without dismounting from a horse, he grabbed</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Munk."/><biblScope>22</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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</re>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Слово относится к субстратному (кавказскому) слою осетинского
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языка. Как и некоторые другие субстратные слова (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼūx"/> ‘рука’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼax"/>
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‘нога’), оно тяготеет к чечено-ингушской среде. Ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2823e603" xml:id="mentioned_d2823e499" xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
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<w>beqhi</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2823e608" xml:id="mentioned_d2823e504" xml:lang="inh"><lang/>
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<w>baqh</w>
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<gloss><q>жеребенок</q></gloss></mentioned>. Наличие этого слова в
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осетинском весьма показательно c точки зрения процесса образования языка.
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Иранские народы с первых дней своего появления на арене истории известны как
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завзятые коневоды и конники. В частности, предки осетин, аланы, славились
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повсюду своей замечательной конницей (см. например: <bibl><biblScope>Флавий
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Вегеций Ренат (IV в.). Epitome rei militaris. ВДИ 1940 I
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240</biblScope></bibl>: „оружие всадников улучшилось по примеру… аланской
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конницы“; 280: „Ловкость и красота верховой езды… гуннов и алан“). В этих
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условиях появление в осетинском кавказского слова для ‘лошади’ служит веским
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свидетельством в пользу глубины и интимности осетино-кавказских языковых связей
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(см. об этом также под словами <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼax"/> и др.). —
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Субстратное слово и на этот раз, как в ряде других случаев, не смогло полностью
|
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вытеснить иранское (См. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_arm"/> ‘рука’ рядом с <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fad"/> ‘нога’ рядом с <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kom"/> ‘рот’ рядом с <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ʒyx"/>).
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Иранское название лошади <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2823e634" xml:id="mentioned_d2823e526" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
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<w>aspa-</w></mentioned> в закономерной форме <ref type="xr" target="#entry_jæfs"/> сохранилось в осетинском, но только в ограниченном
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значении ‘кобыла’. — Слово, означающее у одного народа вообще ‘лошадь’, получает
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нередко у соседей насмешливое значение ‘кляча’ и т. п. Так, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2823e641" xml:id="mentioned_d2823e534" xml:lang="de"><lang/>
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<w>Ross</w></mentioned> значит ‘конь’, а <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2823e646" xml:id="mentioned_d2823e539" xml:lang="fr"><lang/>
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<w>rosse</w></mentioned> -— ‘кляча’. Это случилось и с <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2823e651" xml:id="mentioned_d2823e544" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
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<w>bæx</w></mentioned>. В имерском диалекте <hi rendition="#rend_bold">грузинского</hi> языка мы находим <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2823e656" xml:id="mentioned_d2823e549" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
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<w>baxi</w>
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<gloss><q>невзрачная, негодная лошадь</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2823e665" xml:id="mentioned_d2823e557" xml:lang="ka"><w/>
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<gloss><q>кляча</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Чкония"/></bibl>); отсюда <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2823e674" xml:id="mentioned_d2823e567" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
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<w>baxuri</w>
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<gloss><q>сделанный из цельного куска дерева арчак</q></gloss></mentioned>
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(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Беридзе"/></bibl>). В русских
|
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говорах также отмечено слово <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2823e685" xml:id="mentioned_d2823e578" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
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<w>бах</w></mentioned> в значении ‘кляча’ (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Филин"/><biblScope>159</biblScope></bibl>). Ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_jæfs"/> ‘кобыла’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_bajrag"/> ‘жеребенок’.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>78, 105, 118,
|
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200</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
|
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<etym xml:lang="en">The word relates to the substratum (Caucasian) layer of the
|
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Ossetic language. Like some other substrate words (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼūx"/> ‘hand’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼax"/> ‘leg’),
|
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|
it is inclined to the Chechen-Ingush setting. Cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2823e499" xml:id="mentioned_d2823e603" xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
|
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<w>beqhi</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2823e504" xml:id="mentioned_d2823e608" xml:lang="inh"><lang/>
|
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|
|
<w>baqh</w>
|
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<gloss><q>foal</q></gloss></mentioned>. The presence of this word in the
|
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Ossetic language is significant in respect to the process of the language
|
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|
|
development. From the first days of their appearance in history, Iranian peoples
|
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|
are known as inveterate horse breeders and equestrians. In particular, the
|
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|
|
ancestors of the Ossetians, the Alans, were famous everywhere for their
|
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|
|
wonderful cavalry (see, for example: <bibl><biblScope>Vegetius (4th c.). Epitome
|
|||
|
|
rei militaris:</biblScope></bibl>: "“For though after the example of…
|
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|
|
the Alans… we have made some improvements in the arms of the cavalry”; “the Huns
|
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|
|
and Alans endeavor in vain to imitate your dexterity in horsemanship”<note type="footnote" n="1"> PUT NOTE HERE </note>). Under these conditions, the
|
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|
|
appearance of the Caucasian word for ‘horse’ in Ossetic serves as a strong
|
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|
|
evidence in favour of the depth and intimacy of the Ossetic-Caucasian linguistic
|
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|
|
connection (see also the words <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼax"/> for further
|
|||
|
|
information.). — And this time, as in a number of other cases, the substrate
|
|||
|
|
word could not completely supplant the Iranian (See <ref type="xr" target="#entry_arm"/> ‘arm’ near <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fad"/> ‘leg’
|
|||
|
|
near <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kom"/> ‘mouth’ near <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ʒyx"/>). The Iranian name for horse <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2823e526" xml:id="mentioned_d2823e634" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
|
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<w>aspa-</w></mentioned> in a regular form <ref type="xr" target="#entry_jæfs"/> has been retained in Ossetic, but only in a
|
|||
|
|
restricted sense ‘mare’. — The word meaning among one nation ‘horse’ in general
|
|||
|
|
often receives a mocking meaning ‘nag’ from neighbors and so on. Thus,
|
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|
|
<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2823e534" xml:id="mentioned_d2823e641" xml:lang="de"><lang/>
|
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|
|
<w>Ross</w></mentioned> means 'horse', and <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2823e539" xml:id="mentioned_d2823e646" xml:lang="fr"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>rosse</w></mentioned> means ‘nag’. This happened also with the <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2823e544" xml:id="mentioned_d2823e651" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>bæx</w></mentioned>. We found the word <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2823e549" xml:id="mentioned_d2823e656" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>baxi</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>homely horse</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2823e557" xml:id="mentioned_d2823e665" xml:lang="ka"><w/>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>nag</q></gloss></mentioned> in the Imereti dialect of the Georgian
|
|||
|
|
language (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Чкония"/></bibl>); from here is
|
|||
|
|
derived <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2823e567" xml:id="mentioned_d2823e674" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>baxuri</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>saddle arch made of a single piece of wood</q></gloss></mentioned>
|
|||
|
|
(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Беридзе"/></bibl>). The word
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2823e578" xml:id="mentioned_d2823e685" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>bax</w></mentioned> in the meaning ‘nag’ is found in Russian dialects
|
|||
|
|
(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Филин"/><biblScope>159</biblScope></bibl>). Cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_jæfs"/> ‘mare’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_bajrag"/>
|
|||
|
|
‘foal’.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>78, 105,
|
|||
|
|
118, 200</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="footnote" xml:lang="ru" n="1"/>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="footnote" xml:lang="en" n="1">Translation from:
|
|||
|
|
http://www.digitalattic.org/home/war/vegetius/index.php#b200</note>
|
|||
|
|
</entry>
|
|||
|
|
</body>
|
|||
|
|
</text>
|
|||
|
|
</TEI>
|