235 lines
19 KiB
XML
235 lines
19 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">cæxx</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
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<biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_cæxx" xml:lang="os">
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<form xml:id="form_d4805e66" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>cæxx</orth></form>
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<form xml:id="form_d4805e69" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>cænxæ</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d4805e72"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>соль</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>salt</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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<re xml:id="re_d4805e82">
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<form xml:id="form_d4805e84" type="lemma"><orth>cæxǵyn</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d4805e87"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>соленый</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>salty</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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</re>
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<re xml:id="re_d4805e98">
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<form xml:id="form_d4805e100" type="lemma"><orth>cæxdon</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d4805e103"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>рассол</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>brine</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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</re>
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<re xml:id="re_d4805e115">
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<form xml:id="form_d4805e117" type="lemma"><orth>cæxdaræn</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d4805e120"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>солонка</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>saltcellar</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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</re>
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<re xml:id="re_d4805e131">
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<form xml:id="form_d4805e133" type="lemma"><orth>æʒæxx</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d4805e136"><sense xml:id="sense_d4805e137"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>несоленый</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>unsalted</q>
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</abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d4805e146"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>малосольный</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>soft-salted</q>
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</abv:tr></sense></sense>
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</re>
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<re xml:id="re_d4805e157">
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<form xml:id="form_d4805e159" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>æmʒæxdon</orth></form>
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<form xml:id="form_d4805e162" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>ænʒæxdon</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d4805e165"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>приятель</q>
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</abv:tr><note type="comment" xml:lang="ru"> („макающий в один рассол с
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кем-либо“)</note><note type="comment" xml:lang="en"> (“dipping into one
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brine with someone”)</note><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>fellow</q>
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</abv:tr><note type="comment" xml:lang="ru"> („макающий в один рассол с
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кем-либо“)</note><note type="comment" xml:lang="en"> (“dipping into one
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brine with someone”)</note></sense>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d4805e183">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d4805e185" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>cæmæn, cæj dumægmæ issæj Inus ænfingæ, ænʒæxdon banditti kʼwari
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xæccæ?</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>почему, вследствие чего Инус стал сотрапезником, приятелем
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бандитской шайки?</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>why did Inus become a dinner companion, a fellow of a bandit
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gang?</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Bes._Ka_ke"/><biblScope>83</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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</re>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d4805e209">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d4805e211">
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<quote>cæxx aly xærinagæn dær ad dæddy</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>соль дает вкус всякой пище</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>salt gives flavor to all food</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/><biblScope>III
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198</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d4805e230">
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<quote>dæ cæxx æmæ kærʒyn dyn næ ferox kænʒynæn</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>я не забуду твоей хлеб-соли</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>I will not forget your bread and salt</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d4805e245">
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<quote>mæ mastyl myn cæxx ma kæn</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>не сыпь соли на мое огорчение (т. е. не усугубляй моего
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огорчения)</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>do not pour salt on my grief (i.e. do not increase my grief)</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d4805e260" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>cænxæ sæbæl rægænæ æma kærʒini xæccæ xwæræ</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>посыпь на них соли и ешь с хлебом</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>pour slat on them and eat with bread</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_AK"/><biblScope>III
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18</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d4805e282">
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<quote>adæmæn sæ cæxǵyn fydtæ caræj fænykmæ tæʒync</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>у людей засоленное мясо каплет (жиром) с потолка в (очажную) золу</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>at people's place (fat) drops from salted meat on the celeing into
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the hearth ash</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/><biblScope>25</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d4805e302" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>duwwæ limæni… sfændæ kodtoncæ cæxgun fars radavun</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>два приятеля задумали украсть соленый бок (половину туши)</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>two friends decided to steal a salted side (half of the corpse)</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Диг._сказ."/><biblScope>47</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d4805e324">
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<quote>dæ cæxdon kæm næj, um dæ kʼæbær ma tūl</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>где нет твоего рассола, там не макай твой ломоть</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>where there is no your brine, there do not dip your slice</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/><biblScope>III
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201</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Слово не может быть сближаемо с иранскими и индоевропейскими
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названиями соли. Как некоторые другие важные культурные термины, имеет связи, с
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одной стороны, с кавказскими, с другой — угро-финскими языками (ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ændon"/> ‘сталь’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kaw"/> ʼплетеньʼ, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kært"/>
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‘двор’). На кавказской почве сопоставлялись <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4805e465" xml:id="mentioned_d4805e352" xml:lang="av"><lang/>
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<w>can</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4805e470" xml:id="mentioned_d4805e357" xml:lang="ani"><lang/>
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<w>con</w></mentioned>, ср. также <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4805e476" xml:id="mentioned_d4805e363" xml:lang="ddo"><lang/>
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<w>tciō</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4805e481" xml:id="mentioned_d4805e368" xml:lang="lbe"><lang/>
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<w>tcu</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4805e486" xml:id="mentioned_d4805e373" xml:lang="dar"><lang/>
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<w>ʒi</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4805e491" xml:id="mentioned_d4805e378" xml:lang="dar"><w>ce</w></mentioned>,
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4805e494" xml:id="mentioned_d4805e381" xml:lang="ab"><lang/>
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<w>a-ǯəkʼa</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4805e499" xml:id="mentioned_d4805e386" xml:lang="uby"><lang/>
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<w>ǯə</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4805e505" xml:id="mentioned_d4805e392" xml:lang="kbd"><lang/>
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<w>šuǧu</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4805e510" xml:id="mentioned_d4805e397" xml:lang="ady-x-abadz"><lang/>
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<w>šuǧö</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4805e515" xml:id="mentioned_d4805e402" xml:lang="ady-x-shpsg"><lang/>
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<w>šugu</w></mentioned>. На угро-финской почве: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4805e520" xml:id="mentioned_d4805e407" xml:lang="mns" dialect="mns"><lang/>
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<w>šäx</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4805e525" xml:id="mentioned_d4805e412" xml:lang="mns" dialect="mns"><w>śax</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4805e528" xml:id="mentioned_d4805e415" xml:lang="mns" dialect="mns"><w>ćix</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4805e532" xml:id="mentioned_d4805e419" xml:lang="yrk"><lang/>
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<w>šak</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="ru"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KSz."/><biblScope>I 47, V
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326</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Носовой <hi rendition="#rend_italic">n</hi> в
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4805e543" xml:id="mentioned_d4805e430" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
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<w>cænxæ</w></mentioned>, поддерживаемый аварским <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4805e548" xml:id="mentioned_d4805e435" xml:lang="av"><lang/>
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<w>can</w></mentioned>, следует рассматривать как старое (а не вторичное,
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чисто дигорское) явление; иначе трудно было бы оправдать геминацию <hi rendition="#rend_italic">х</hi> в
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иронском <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4805e553" xml:id="mentioned_d4805e440" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><lang/>
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<w>cæxx</w></mentioned> (ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zæxx"/> |
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">zænxæ</hi> ‘земля’). А раз так, то отношения осетинской формы к угро-финским
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требуют доследования.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_MSt."/><biblScope>85</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>314</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">The word cannot be related to Iranian and Indo-European names of
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salt. Like some other important cultural terms, the word has connections, on one
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hand, with Caucasian languages, on the other hand — with Finno-Ugric languages
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(cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ændon"/> ‘steel’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kaw"/> ʼwattleʼ, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kært"/>
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‘yard’). The following languages show evidence of Caucasian origin: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4805e352" xml:id="mentioned_d4805e465" xml:lang="av"><lang/>
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<w>can</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4805e357" xml:id="mentioned_d4805e470" xml:lang="ani"><lang/>
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<w>con</w></mentioned>, cf. also <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4805e363" xml:id="mentioned_d4805e476" xml:lang="ddo"><lang/>
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<w>tciō</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4805e368" xml:id="mentioned_d4805e481" xml:lang="lbe"><lang/>
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<w>tcu</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4805e373" xml:id="mentioned_d4805e486" xml:lang="dar"><lang/>
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<w>ʒi</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4805e378" xml:id="mentioned_d4805e491" xml:lang="dar"><w>ce</w></mentioned>,
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4805e381" xml:id="mentioned_d4805e494" xml:lang="ab"><lang/>
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<w>a-ǯəkʼa</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4805e386" xml:id="mentioned_d4805e499" xml:lang="uby"><lang/>
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<w>ǯə</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4805e392" xml:id="mentioned_d4805e505" xml:lang="kbd"><lang/>
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<w>šuǧu</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4805e397" xml:id="mentioned_d4805e510" xml:lang="ady-x-abadz"><lang/>
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<w>šuǧö</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4805e402" xml:id="mentioned_d4805e515" xml:lang="ady-x-shpsg"><lang/>
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<w>šugu</w></mentioned>. The following words are comparable in Finno-Ugric
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languages: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4805e407" xml:id="mentioned_d4805e520" xml:lang="mns" dialect="mns"><lang/>
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<w>šäx</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4805e412" xml:id="mentioned_d4805e525" xml:lang="mns" dialect="mns"><w>śax</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4805e415" xml:id="mentioned_d4805e528" xml:lang="mns" dialect="mns"><w>ćix</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4805e419" xml:id="mentioned_d4805e532" xml:lang="yrk"><lang/>
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<w>šak</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="en">
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(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KSz."/><biblScope>I 47, V
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326</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. The nasal <hi rendition="#rend_italic">n</hi> in
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4805e430" xml:id="mentioned_d4805e543" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
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<w>cænxæ</w></mentioned> , which is also found in Avar <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4805e435" xml:id="mentioned_d4805e548" xml:lang="av"><lang/>
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<w>can</w></mentioned>, should be considered as an old (and not secondary,
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only Digor) feature; otherwise it would be hard to justify the gemination of
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">х</hi> in Iron <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4805e440" xml:id="mentioned_d4805e553" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><lang/>
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<w>cæxx</w></mentioned> (cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zæxx"/> |
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">zænxæ</hi> ‘soil’). If so, the relationship of the Ossetic form to the
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Finno-Ugric form requires further investigation.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_MSt."/><biblScope>85</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>314</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI>
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