132 lines
12 KiB
XML
132 lines
12 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">cʼænūd</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
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<biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_cʼænūd" xml:lang="os">
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<form xml:id="form_d420e66" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>cʼænūd</orth></form>
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<form xml:id="form_d420e69" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>cʼænodæ</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d420e72"><sense xml:id="sense_d420e73"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>тростник</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>cane</q>
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</abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d420e82"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>осока</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>sedge</q>
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</abv:tr></sense></sense>
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<re xml:id="re_d420e92">
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<form xml:id="form_d420e94" type="lemma"><orth>cʼænūdǵyn kærdæg</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d420e97"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>трава с большим количеством осоки</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>grass with a lot of sedge</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">. Для ‘осоки’ отмечено еще и другое слово:
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<ref type="xr" target="#entry_ʒala"/></note>
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="en">. For ‘sedge’ there is another word: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ʒala"/></note>
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</re>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d420e116">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d420e118">
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<quote>Barsæǵy šalx k˳y fætarst, wæd cʼænūdǵyn fætænmæ jæxī
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bappærsta</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>когда колесо Барсага испугалось, оно кинулось на поросшую осокой
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равнину</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>when the Barsag's wheel was frightened, it rushed to the
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sedge-covered plain</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/><biblScope>I
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84</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Мы относим это слово к группе „мегрелизмов“ в осетинском,, т. е.
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слов, тяготеющих к картвельским языкам, но имеющих оформ- ление не грузинское, а
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мегрело-чанское. Поскольку современные осетины с мегрелами и чанами не соседят,
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существование таких слов в осетинском надо относить либо за счет предполагаемого
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соседства и сношений между этими народами в прошлом, либо за счет субстратного
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отложения в осетинском, т. е. допустить, что нормы мегрело-чанской речи были в
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той или иной мере свойственны доиранскому населению Осетии. „Мегрелизмами“ в
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осетинском мы считаем: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_dūr"/>.ʼкаменьʼ, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cæxær"/> ʼогоньʼ, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cæǵynʒ"/> ʼстолбʼ, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fynʒ"/>
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‘нос’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_syḱʼī"/> ‘серна’ и некоторые другие. При
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разъяснении <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d420e216" xml:id="mentioned_d420e152" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
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<w>cænud</w>
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<gloss><q>осока</q></gloss></mentioned> мы берем в качестве исходной
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инстанции <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d420e224" xml:id="mentioned_d420e160" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
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<w>cʼnori</w>
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<gloss><q>белая ива</q></gloss></mentioned>. Закономерная мегрело-чанская
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форма этого слова должна звучать <hi rendition="#rend_italic">čʼnoǯi, čʼinoǯi, čʼinodi</hi>. Есть ли такое
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слово в мегрельском или чанском — не знаем; в доступных нам источниках мы его не
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встретили. В осетинском закономерно появление между начальными двумя согласными
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гласного <hi rendition="#rend_italic">æ</hi> (ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼæbæda"/> и др.) и замена
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шипящего аффриката <hi rendition="#rend_italic">č</hi>ʼ зубным <hi rendition="#rend_italic">сʼ</hi>. Десибиляция <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ǯ</hi> (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">ǯ</hi> → <hi rendition="#rend_italic">d</hi>) могла
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иметь место как на мегрело-чанской (ср., например, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d420e234" xml:id="mentioned_d420e170" xml:lang="xmf" extralang="lzz"><lang/>
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<w>čxvindi</w>
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<gloss><q>нос</q></gloss></mentioned> вместо <hi rendition="#rend_italic">čxvinǯi</hi>, в соответствие
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d420e242" xml:id="mentioned_d420e178" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
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<w>cxviri</w></mentioned>), так и на осетинской почве. Таким образом, мы
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приходим к форме <hi rendition="#rend_italic">cʼænod, cʼænūd</hi>, которую и находим в осетинском в значении
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ʼтростникʼ. Семантическое перемещение ‘ива’ → ‘тростник’ совершенно естественно.
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Оба растут в соседстве воды; кустарниковый ивняк (тальник) имеет вид тростника.
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На грузинской почве ср. еще <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d420e247" xml:id="mentioned_d420e183" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
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<w>cʼneli</w>
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<gloss><q>прут</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d420e256" xml:id="mentioned_d420e192" xml:lang="ka"><w/>
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<gloss><q>хворостина</q></gloss></mentioned>.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>323—330, 526</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">We relate this word to a group of “Mingrelianisms” in Ossetic,
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i.e. such words that tend towards Kartvelian languages but look like not
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Georgian but Mingrelian-Laz words. Since modern Ossetic people do not coexist
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with Mingrelians and Lazs, the existence of such words in Ossetic must be
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attributed either to the supposed neighborhood and relations between these
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peoples in the past, or to the substrate layer in Ossetic, i.e., assume that the
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norms of Mingrelian speech were somehow common to the pre-Iranian population of
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Ossetia. We consider the following to be “Mingrelianisms” in Ossetic: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_dūr"/> ʼstoneʼ, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cæxær"/> ʼfireʼ, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cæǵynʒ"/>
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ʼpoleʼ, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fynʒ"/> ‘nose’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_syḱʼī"/> ‘chamois’ and some other. While explaining
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d420e152" xml:id="mentioned_d420e216" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
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<w>cænud</w>
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<gloss><q>ling, Carex</q></gloss></mentioned> we take <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d420e160" xml:id="mentioned_d420e224" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
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<w>cʼnori</w>
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<gloss><q>white willow</q></gloss></mentioned> as an initial step. A regular
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Mingrelian-Laz form should be <hi rendition="#rend_italic">čʼnoǯi, čʼinoǯi, čʼinodi</hi>. We do not know
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whether there is such word in Mingrelian or Laz; we did not find it in available
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sources. The appearance of <hi rendition="#rend_italic">æ</hi> between two initial consonants is regular in
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Ossetic (cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼæbæda"/> etc.), as well as changing
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sibilant affricative sound <hi rendition="#rend_italic">č</hi>ʼ for a dental <hi rendition="#rend_italic">сʼ</hi>. Desibilantization process
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">ǯ</hi> (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">ǯ</hi> → <hi rendition="#rend_italic">d</hi>) could happen either in Mingrelian-Laz languages (cf., for
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example, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d420e170" xml:id="mentioned_d420e234" xml:lang="xmf" extralang="lzz"><lang/>
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<w>čxvindi</w>
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<gloss><q>nose</q></gloss></mentioned> instead of <hi rendition="#rend_italic">čxvinǯi</hi>, in
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correspondence with <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d420e178" xml:id="mentioned_d420e242" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
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<w>cxviri</w></mentioned>), or in Ossetic language as well. Thus we come to
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a form <hi rendition="#rend_italic">cʼænod, cʼænūd</hi> which is attested in Ossetic in the meaning ‘cane’.
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The semantic change ‘willow’ → ‘cane’ is completely natural. Both grow near the
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water; oiser-bed looks like cane. Cf. also Georgian <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d420e183" xml:id="mentioned_d420e247" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
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<w>cʼneli</w>
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<gloss><q>spill</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d420e192" xml:id="mentioned_d420e256" xml:lang="ka"><w/>
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<gloss><q>whip</q></gloss></mentioned>.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>323—330, 526</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI>
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