164 lines
19 KiB
XML
164 lines
19 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">cyppūrs</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
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<biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_cyppūrs" xml:lang="os">
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<form xml:id="form_d214e66" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>cyppūrs</orth></form>
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<form xml:id="form_d214e69" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>cæpporse</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d214e72"><def xml:lang="ru">название зимнего праздника, в христианской среде
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приуроченного к рождеству</def><def xml:lang="en">the name of the winter
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holiday, timed to coincide with Christmas in the Christian
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religion</def></sense>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d214e78">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d214e80">
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<quote/>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>(месяц) <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Cyppūrs%s | %sCæpporse</hi> приблизительно соответствует концу
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ноября и половине декабря</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>(month) <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Cyppūrs%s | %sCæpporse</hi> corresponds approximately to the
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end of November and half of December</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭ"/><biblScope>II
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264</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d214e99" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>Cæpporsej bærægbon beræ zian kænuj xæʒaradæn</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>праздник <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Цаеппорсе</hi> наносит большой ущерб хозяйству</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>holiday <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Cæpporsej</hi> causes great damage to the household</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_FS"/><biblScope>II 26</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Это слово тождественно с дигорским числительным <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d214e276" xml:id="mentioned_d214e124" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
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<w>cuppor</w>
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<gloss><q>сорок</q></gloss></mentioned>, в настоящее время вытесненным
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новообразованием <ref type="xr" target="#entry_duwinsæʒi"/> буквально „две
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двадцатки“, но сохранившимся в так называемом пастушеском счете. Праздник назван
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числительным „сорок“, вероятно, потому, что ему предшествовал сорокадневный
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пост. Ср. по образованию <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d214e286" xml:id="mentioned_d214e134" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
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<w>σαραχοστή(← τεσσαραχοστή)</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d214e291" xml:id="mentioned_d214e139" xml:lang="fr"><lang/>
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<w>quarantain</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="ru"> (от <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d214e297" xml:id="mentioned_d214e145" xml:lang="fr"><lang/>
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<w>quarante</w>
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<gloss><q>40</q></gloss></mentioned>)</note>
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<gloss><q>сорокадневный пост</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d214e309" xml:id="mentioned_d214e157" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>сорокопуст</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d214e315" xml:id="mentioned_d214e163" xml:lang="ru"><w>сорокоуст</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d214e318" xml:id="mentioned_d214e166" xml:lang="ru"><w>Пятидесятница</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d214e321" xml:id="mentioned_d214e169" xml:lang="fr"><lang/>
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<w>Pentecôte</w></mentioned> ← <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d214e326" xml:id="mentioned_d214e174" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
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<w>πεντήχοντα</w>
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<gloss><q>50</q></gloss></mentioned>. Дигорское <hi rendition="#rend_italic">cæpporse</hi> представляет
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усеченную форму родительного падежа нумеративных слов (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">cæpporse</hi> из
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">cæpporsej</hi>). Родительный падеж объясняется здесь тем, что подразумевалось
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слово ‘праздник’: <hi rendition="#rend_italic">cæpporsej bærægbon</hi> „праздник сорока“. В дальнейшем <ref type="xr" target="#entry_bærægbon"/> отпало, но форма родительного падежа
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осталась. Этимологически <hi rendition="#rend_italic">cyppūrs</hi> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">cæppors</hi> возводится к <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d214e341" xml:id="mentioned_d214e184" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
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<w>*čatvār(in)sat</w>
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<gloss><q>сорок</q></gloss></mentioned> (ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7rtyn"><w>rtin</w></ref> из <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d214e352" xml:id="mentioned_d214e196" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
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<w>*trinsat</w></mentioned>); ср <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d214e357" xml:id="mentioned_d214e201" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>čaθwarəsat-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d214e362" xml:id="mentioned_d214e206" xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
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<w>tcahōlsə</w></mentioned>. Второй гласный <hi rendition="#rend_italic">u</hi> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">о</hi> получился из
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">vā</hi>-, как в <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xūr"/> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">xor</hi> ‘солнце’ из
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">xvār</hi>. Влияние <hi rendition="#rend_italic">n</hi>, вопреки <bibl><author>А. Фрейману</author></bibl>
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(<bibl><biblScope xml:lang="ru">юбилейный сборник в честь С. Ф.
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Ольденбурга, 1934, стр. 562</biblScope></bibl>), здесь ни при чем, ибо в этом случае и в иронском было бы
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">о</hi> а не <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ū</hi>. Различие в огласовке между <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cyppar"/> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">cuppar</hi> ‘четыре’ и <hi rendition="#rend_italic">cyppurs</hi> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">cæppors</hi>
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‘сорок’ возникло как результат следующего мыслимого звукового развития:
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">čatvār</hi> → *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">čætbar</hi> → <hi rendition="#rend_italic">čæppar</hi> → <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cyppar"/>
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| <hi rendition="#rend_italic">cuppar</hi>; <hi rendition="#rend_italic">čatvārinsat</hi> → *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">cætorins</hi> → *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">cætors</hi> → <hi rendition="#rend_italic">cæppors</hi>
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(<hi rendition="#rend_italic">t</hi>→ <hi rendition="#rend_italic">pp</hi> под влиянием <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cyppar"/>). Как часто
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бывает, слово, законсервированное в культе (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">cæppors</hi>), имеет более
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архаическую форму, чем это же слово из бытового пастушеского счета (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">cuppor</hi>):
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в первом случае удержался на конце <hi rendition="#rend_italic">s</hi> и <hi rendition="#rend_italic">а</hi> не ослабел в <hi rendition="#rend_italic">u</hi>. К
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осетинскому примыкает балкарское числительное пастушеского счета: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d214e384" xml:id="mentioned_d214e227" xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><lang/>
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<w>šəppor</w>
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<gloss><q>сорок</q></gloss></mentioned>. Ср. другие десятки этого счета:
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<ref type="xr" target="#entry_7rtyn"><w>rtin</w></ref> ‘30’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fænʒaj"/> ‘50’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æxsaj"/> ‘60’,
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<ref type="xr" target="#entry_ævdaj"/> ‘70’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æstaj"/> ‘80’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_næwæʒ"/> ‘90’.
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<hi rendition="#rend_bold">Карачаевское</hi> название января <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d214e406" xml:id="mentioned_d214e249" xml:lang="krc-x-karachay"><lang/>
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<w>qərqauz aj</w></mentioned> (от <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d214e411" xml:id="mentioned_d214e255" xml:lang="krc-x-karachay"><lang/>
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<w>qərq</w>
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<gloss><q>сорок</q></gloss></mentioned>) представляет перевод осетинского
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названия декабря <hi rendition="#rend_italic">cæpporsej mæjæ</hi> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>286</biblScope></bibl>). Эта карачаевская калька
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осетинского термина лишний раз подтверждает, что в <hi rendition="#rend_italic">cyppūrs</hi> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">cæpporse</hi> мы
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имеем забытое числительное ‘сорок’.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>283</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">This word is identical to the Digor numeral <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d214e124" xml:id="mentioned_d214e276" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
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<w>cuppor</w>
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<gloss><q>forty</q></gloss></mentioned>, which is now displaced by an
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innovation <ref type="xr" target="#entry_duwinsæʒi"/> literally “two twenty”,
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but it remains in so-called shepherd count. The holiday is named after the
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numeral “forty”, probably because it was preceded by a forty-day fast. Cf. by
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the formation <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d214e134" xml:id="mentioned_d214e286" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
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<w>σαραχοστή(← τεσσαραχοστή)</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d214e139" xml:id="mentioned_d214e291" xml:lang="fr"><lang/>
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<w>quarantain</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="en"> (from <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d214e145" xml:id="mentioned_d214e297" xml:lang="fr"><lang/>
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<w>quarante</w>
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<gloss><q>40</q></gloss></mentioned>)</note>
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<gloss><q>forty day fast</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d214e157" xml:id="mentioned_d214e309" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>sorokopust</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d214e163" xml:id="mentioned_d214e315" xml:lang="ru"><w>sorokoust</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d214e166" xml:id="mentioned_d214e318" xml:lang="ru"><w>Pjatidesjatnica</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d214e169" xml:id="mentioned_d214e321" xml:lang="fr"><lang/>
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<w>Pentecôte</w></mentioned> ← <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d214e174" xml:id="mentioned_d214e326" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
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<w>πεντήχοντα</w>
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<gloss><q>50</q></gloss></mentioned>. Digor <oRef>cæpporse</oRef> represents
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an apocopic form of numelar words' genitive case (<oRef>cæpporse</oRef> from
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">cæpporsej</hi>). Genitive case is explained here by the fact that there should
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have been the word ‘holiday’: <hi rendition="#rend_italic">cæpporsej bærægbon</hi> “holiday of fourty”. Later
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<ref type="xr" target="#entry_bærægbon"/> has been lost, but the genitive
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case form has remained. Etymologically <hi rendition="#rend_italic">cyppūrs</hi> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">cæppors</hi> traces back to
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d214e184" xml:id="mentioned_d214e341" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
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<w>*čatvār(in)sat</w>
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<gloss><q>forty</q></gloss></mentioned> (cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7rtyn"><w>rtin</w></ref> from <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d214e196" xml:id="mentioned_d214e352" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
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<w>*trinsat</w></mentioned>); cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d214e201" xml:id="mentioned_d214e357" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>čaθwarəsat-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d214e206" xml:id="mentioned_d214e362" xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
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<w>tcahōlsə</w></mentioned>. The second vowel <hi rendition="#rend_italic">u</hi> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">о</hi> came from
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">vā</hi>-, like in <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xūr"/> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">xor</hi> ‘sun’ from
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">xvār</hi>. The influence of <hi rendition="#rend_italic">n</hi>, contrary to <bibl><author>A.
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Freiman</author></bibl> (<bibl><biblScope xml:lang="en">festschrift in honour of S.F. Oldenburg, 1934, p. 562
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</biblScope></bibl>), is not the reason here, because in that case there
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would be <hi rendition="#rend_italic">о</hi> instead of <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ū</hi> in the Iron form as well. The different vocalism
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in <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cyppar"/> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">cuppar</hi> ‘four’ and <hi rendition="#rend_italic">cyppurs</hi> |
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">cæppors</hi> ‘fourty’ appeared as a result of the following phonetic development:
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">čatvār</hi> → *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">čætbar</hi> → <hi rendition="#rend_italic">čæppar</hi> → <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cyppar"/>
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| <hi rendition="#rend_italic">cuppar</hi>; <hi rendition="#rend_italic">čatvārinsat</hi> → *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">cætorins</hi> → *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">cætors</hi> → <hi rendition="#rend_italic">cæppors</hi>
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(<hi rendition="#rend_italic">t</hi>→ <hi rendition="#rend_italic">pp</hi> under the influence of <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cyppar"/>).
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As it often happens, the word conserved in cult (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">cæppors</hi>) has a more ancient
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form than the same word which is in use in everyday shepherd count (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">cuppor</hi>):
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in the first case there remains the final <hi rendition="#rend_italic">s</hi> and <hi rendition="#rend_italic">а</hi> did not weaken to
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">u</hi>. The following Balkar numeral of shepherd count relates to the Ossetic
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one: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d214e227" xml:id="mentioned_d214e384" xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><lang/>
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<w>šəppor</w>
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<gloss><q>fourty</q></gloss></mentioned>. Cf other tens of this count: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7rtyn"><w>rtin</w></ref> ‘30’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fænʒaj"/> ‘50’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æxsaj"/> ‘60’,
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<ref type="xr" target="#entry_ævdaj"/> ‘70’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æstaj"/> ‘80’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_næwæʒ"/> ‘90’.
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<hi rendition="#rend_bold">Karachay</hi> name for January <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d214e249" xml:id="mentioned_d214e406" xml:lang="krc-x-karachay"><lang/>
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<w>qərqauz aj</w></mentioned> (from <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d214e255" xml:id="mentioned_d214e411" xml:lang="krc-x-karachay"><lang/>
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<w>qərq</w>
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<gloss><q>сорок</q></gloss></mentioned>) is the tranlation of December from
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Ossetic <hi rendition="#rend_italic">cæpporsej mæjæ</hi> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>286</biblScope></bibl>). This Karachay calque of the
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Ossetic term confirms once again that in <oRef>cyppūrs</oRef> |
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<oRef>cæpporse</oRef> we have a forgotten numeral ‘forty’.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>283</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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|
</TEI>
|