388 lines
34 KiB
XML
388 lines
34 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">don_1</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
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<biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_don_1" n="1" xml:lang="os">
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<form xml:id="form_d3816e66" type="lemma"><orth>don</orth></form>
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<sense n="1" xml:id="sense_don_1.1"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>река</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>river</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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<sense n="2" xml:id="sense_don_1.2"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>вода</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>water</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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<re xml:id="re_d3816e89">
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<form xml:id="form_d3816e91" type="lemma"><orth>dojnag</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d3816e94"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>речной</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>fluvial</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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</re>
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<re xml:id="re_d3816e105">
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<form xml:id="form_d3816e107" type="lemma"><orth>don kænyn</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d3816e110"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>плавить</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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</re>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d3816e118">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d3816e120">
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<quote>don kæly jæ ræzty ūrs æxsærʒæntæj</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>река льется перед ним белыми водопадами</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>the river flows in front of him like white waterfalls</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/><biblScope>63</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d3816e139">
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<quote>taǧd don fūrdy ne ʽjjafy</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>быстрая река не достигает моря</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>the fast river does not reach the sea</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/><biblScope>III
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225</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d3816e158">
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<quote>wæ siaxsy wyn don fælasy</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>вашего зятя уносит река</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>your son-in-law is carried away by the river</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Munk."/><biblScope>108</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d3816e177">
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<quote>donlast</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q rendition="rend_singlequotes">утопленник</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q rendition="rend_singlequotes">drowned man</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d3816e194">
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<quote>qrīqupp xæstæǵyty donbyltyl zīly</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>журавль поблизости бродит по берегам реки</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>a crane is wandering nearby along the banks of the river</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/><biblScope>85</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d3816e214" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>nixxawdtæj mard i donmæ</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>труп свалился в реку</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>the corpse fell into the river</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/><biblScope>43</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d3816e236" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>don-don cæwun bajdædtoncæ</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>они стали идти вдоль реки</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>they began to walk along the river</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/><biblScope>10%l10%l</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d3816e258">
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<quote>ærtæjæ ʒæǧa dojnag dūr ærbatyldtoj</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>втроем привалили речной камень-кварц</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>three of us leaned river quartz stone</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭ"/><biblScope>I 60</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d3816e277" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>donæxsincʼæ</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>верба</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>pussy-willow</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="ru"> (буквально „речная алыча“)</note>
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="en"> (literally “river alycha”)</note>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/><biblScope>120</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d3816e306" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>donmistæ</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>речная мышь</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>river mouse</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/><biblScope>II
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172</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d3816e328">
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<quote>donmæ skʼæryn æmæ fæstæmæ ænæ donæj yzdaxyn</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>издевательски мучить кого-либо’, ‘измываться над кем-либо</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>mockingly torture someone’,‘torture someone</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="ru"> (буквально „гнать к реке и возвращать,
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не дав напиться“)</note>
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="en"> (literally “drive someone to the river
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and return without letting drink”)</note>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/><biblScope>94</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d3816e355">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d3816e357">
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<quote>don kæstæræj nywazync</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>воду пьют (начиная) с младшего</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>they drink water (starting) from the youngest</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/><biblScope>III
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202</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d3816e376">
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<quote>ældary æxx˳yrstytæ bæxtæ raskʼærdtoj don darynmæ</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>слуги алдара погнали лошадей на водопой</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>Aldar's servants drove the horses to the watering-place</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Нарт._сказ."/><biblScope>54</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d3816e395" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>wazal doni æ kʼox ne ʽstolʒænæj</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>в холодную воду он не окунет руки</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>he will not dip his hands in cold water</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d3816e413">
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<quote>dony aræxæn dæ card</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>(да будет) твоя жизнь обильна, (как) вода</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>(let) your life be abundant, (like) water</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d3816e428">
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<quote>dony kʼūsy sæft fækodta</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>пропал, как чаша воды</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>[he] has disappeared like a bowl of water</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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<re xml:id="re_d3816e444">
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<form xml:id="form_d3816e446" type="lemma"><orth>qærmædon</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d3816e449"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>теплая (минеральная) вода</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>warm (mineral) water</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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</re>
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<re xml:id="re_d3816e460">
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<form xml:id="form_d3816e462" type="lemma"><orth>komy don</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d3816e465"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>слюна</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>saliva</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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</re>
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<re xml:id="re_d3816e476">
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<form xml:id="form_d3816e478" type="lemma"><orth>donxuz</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d3816e481"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>цвета воды</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>water flowers</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Sam."/><biblScope>97</biblScope></bibl>)</note>
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</re>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d3816e499">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d3816e501">
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<quote>ūcy ḱysylty nyjjarǵyty kæwyn, ʒynazynæj kʼæʒæx badon wydaid</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>от плача и стенания родителей тех малышей расплавилась бы скала</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>the rock would melt because of the crying and groaning of the parents
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of those kids</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/><biblScope>15</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Восходит к <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3816e724" xml:id="mentioned_d3816e524" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
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<w>*dānu-</w></mentioned>: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3816e729" xml:id="mentioned_d3816e529" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>dānu-</w>
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<gloss><q>река</q></gloss></mentioned> (=‘Сыр-Дарья’?), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3816e737" xml:id="mentioned_d3816e537" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>dānu-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>капель</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3816e745" xml:id="mentioned_d3816e545" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w/>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>роса</q></gloss></mentioned>. Вариант того же корня с начальным
|
|||
|
|
<hi rendition="#rend_italic">dh</hi> выступает, может быть, в глагольной основе <hi rendition="#rend_italic">dhan</hi>- ‘течь’, ‘бежать’,
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3816e751" xml:id="mentioned_d3816e551" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>dhanayati</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>бежит</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3816e760" xml:id="mentioned_d3816e560" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>dhanvati</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>бежит</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3816e766" xml:id="mentioned_d3816e566" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w/>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>течет</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3816e772" xml:id="mentioned_d3816e572" xml:lang="peo"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>danuvatiy</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>течет</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3816e780" xml:id="mentioned_d3816e580" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>danīdan</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>бежать</q></gloss></mentioned>. Гласный <hi rendition="#rend_italic">о</hi> перед носовым
|
|||
|
|
восходит, как обычно, к <hi rendition="#rend_italic">а</hi>, что позволяет восстановить форму *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">dan</hi>. Эту
|
|||
|
|
более старую форму мы в изобилии встречаем в названиях рек в местах прежнего
|
|||
|
|
обитания предков осетин: в горной Кабарде — <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Saw-dan</hi> „Черная река“,
|
|||
|
|
<hi rendition="#rend_italic">Ǧar-dan</hi> „Теплая река“, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Kurannan</hi> (из <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Kuran-dan</hi>) „Мельничная река“,
|
|||
|
|
<hi rendition="#rend_italic">Xwas-dān</hi> (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_xwasæ"/> д. ‘сено’), <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Aǧaš-dan</hi>
|
|||
|
|
(<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3816e790" xml:id="mentioned_d3816e590" xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>aǧač</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>дерево</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3816e799" xml:id="mentioned_d3816e599" xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><w/>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>лес</q></gloss></mentioned>) и др. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>284</biblScope></bibl>); в Кубанском
|
|||
|
|
крае —ʽΟυαρ-δαν-ηζ древнее название Кубани по Птолемею (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>162</biblScope></bibl>), <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Zag-dan</hi> (из
|
|||
|
|
<hi rendition="#rend_italic">Sag-dan</hi>) „Оленья река“, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Qvai-dan</hi> и др.; в Южной России — Ταν-αις „Дон“,
|
|||
|
|
<hi rendition="#rend_italic">Dan-apr</hi> „Днепр“, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Dan-Astr</hi> „Днестр“ (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope xml:lang="ru">235
|
|||
|
|
сл.</biblScope></bibl>); ср.
|
|||
|
|
также скифское племенное название Δανδαριοι (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">Dandarii</hi>) буквально „владеющие
|
|||
|
|
(<hi rendition="#rend_italic">dar</hi>) рекой (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">dan</hi>)“ и собственное имя Δαναραζμακος (из <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Dan-Varazmak</hi>
|
|||
|
|
„Донской Варазмак“?). Переход <hi rendition="#rend_italic">dan</hi> → <hi rendition="#rend_italic">don</hi> произошел не ранее XIII—XIV в.
|
|||
|
|
(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>256</biblScope></bibl>), когда осетинский элемент массово не
|
|||
|
|
был уже представлен в Южной России. Поэтому <hi rendition="#rend_bold">русскую</hi> форму <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3816e828" xml:id="mentioned_d3816e622" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>Дон</w></mentioned> нельзя связывать непосредственно с современным
|
|||
|
|
осетинским <hi rendition="#rend_italic">don</hi>. Огласовка <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ο</hi> в <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3816e833" xml:id="mentioned_d3816e628" xml:lang="ru"><w>Дон</w></mentioned> отражает, возможно, общеславянский переход <hi rendition="#rend_italic">а</hi> →
|
|||
|
|
<hi rendition="#rend_italic">о</hi>. Совпадение значений ‘река’ и ‘вода’ в одном слове не было для осетинского
|
|||
|
|
исконным. В скифо-сарматских именах и названиях сохранились следы иранского
|
|||
|
|
<hi rendition="#rend_italic">āp</hi>- в значении ‘вода’ (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope xml:lang="ru">153 сл.</biblScope></bibl>). Этот же элемент мы распознаем в некоторых
|
|||
|
|
осетинских словах: см. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_avg"/> ‘стекло’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æfsūrǧ"/> ‘раствор золы’ и пр., <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æxsærʒæn"/> (из *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">æf-særʒæn</hi>) ‘водопад’. Можно поэтому
|
|||
|
|
утверждать, что в скифо-сарматскую эпоху существовало два слова: <hi rendition="#rend_italic">āp</hi>- →
|
|||
|
|
<hi rendition="#rend_italic">af</hi>- → <hi rendition="#rend_italic">av</hi>- ‘вода’ и <hi rendition="#rend_italic">dān</hi> ‘река’. Позднее, в условиях жизни в горах
|
|||
|
|
Кавказа, где обильные горный реки служат единственным источником получения воды,
|
|||
|
|
легко могло произойти слияние значений ‘река’ и ‘вода’ в одном слове. Ср. у
|
|||
|
|
других кавказских народов: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3816e848" xml:id="mentioned_d3816e642" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>cʼqali</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>вода</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3816e856" xml:id="mentioned_d3816e651" xml:lang="ka"><w/>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>река</q></gloss></mentioned> (в названиях <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3816e862" xml:id="mentioned_d3816e657" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>Cxenis cʼqali</w></mentioned> и т. п.), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3816e867" xml:id="mentioned_d3816e662" xml:lang="kbd"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>psə</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>река</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3816e875" xml:id="mentioned_d3816e670" xml:lang="kbd"><w/>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>вода</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3816e881" xml:id="mentioned_d3816e676" xml:lang="x-vaynakh"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>xij</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>река</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3816e890" xml:id="mentioned_d3816e684" xml:lang="x-vaynakh"><w/>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>вода</q></gloss></mentioned> и др. — Ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_dojny"/> ‘жажда’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_swadon"/>
|
|||
|
|
‘родник’.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/><biblScope>II 51</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/><biblScope>20</biblScope></bibl>. —
|
|||
|
|
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/><biblScope>36</biblScope></bibl>.— <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope xml:lang="ru">19, 46, 162, 199, 235
|
|||
|
|
сл</biblScope></bibl>,— <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Arch._Or."/><biblScope>XXIV 42—44</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/><biblScope>175</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
|
|||
|
|
<etym xml:lang="en">It traces back to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3816e524" xml:id="mentioned_d3816e724" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>*dānu-</w></mentioned>: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3816e529" xml:id="mentioned_d3816e729" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>dānu-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>river</q></gloss></mentioned> (=‘Syr Darya’?), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3816e537" xml:id="mentioned_d3816e737" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>dānu-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>drippings</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3816e545" xml:id="mentioned_d3816e745" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w/>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>dew</q></gloss></mentioned>. A variant of the same root with an
|
|||
|
|
initial <hi rendition="#rend_italic">dh</hi> appears, perhaps, in the verb stem <hi rendition="#rend_italic">dhan</hi>- ‘flow’, ‘run’,
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3816e551" xml:id="mentioned_d3816e751" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>dhanayati</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>(s)he/it runs</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3816e560" xml:id="mentioned_d3816e760" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>dhanvati</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>(s)he/it runs</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3816e566" xml:id="mentioned_d3816e766" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w/>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>(s)he/it flows</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3816e572" xml:id="mentioned_d3816e772" xml:lang="peo"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>danuvatiy</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>(s)he/it flows</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3816e580" xml:id="mentioned_d3816e780" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>danīdan</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>run</q></gloss></mentioned>. The vowel <hi rendition="#rend_italic">о</hi> before a nasal
|
|||
|
|
consonant regularly traces back to <hi rendition="#rend_italic">а</hi>, which allows us to reconstruct the
|
|||
|
|
form *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">dan</hi>. This older form is found in abundance in the names of rivers in
|
|||
|
|
the places where the ancestors of the Ossetic people used to live: in the
|
|||
|
|
mountain Kabarda — <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Saw-dan</hi> “Black river”, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Ǧar-dan</hi> “Warm river”,
|
|||
|
|
<hi rendition="#rend_italic">Kurannan</hi> (from <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Kuran-dan</hi>) “Mill river”, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Xwas-dān</hi> (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_xwasæ"/> Digor ‘hay’), <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Aǧaš-dan</hi> (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3816e590" xml:id="mentioned_d3816e790" xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>aǧač</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>tree</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3816e599" xml:id="mentioned_d3816e799" xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><w/>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>forest</q></gloss></mentioned>) etc. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>284</biblScope></bibl>); in the Kuban
|
|||
|
|
region —ʽΟυαρ-δαν-ηζ is an ancient name for Kuban according to Ptolemy
|
|||
|
|
(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>162</biblScope></bibl>), <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Zag-dan</hi> (из <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Sag-dan</hi>) “Deer
|
|||
|
|
river”, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Qvai-dan</hi> etc.; in Southern Russian — Ταν-αις “Don”, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Dan-apr</hi>
|
|||
|
|
“Dnieper”, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Dan-Astr</hi> “Dniester” (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope xml:lang="en">235 ff.</biblScope></bibl>); cf. also Scythian tribe name <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d3816e818" xml:lang="xsc"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>Δανδαριοι</w></mentioned> (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">Dandarii</hi>) literally “possessing (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">dar</hi>)
|
|||
|
|
a river (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">dan</hi>)” and the proper name Δαναραζμακος (from <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Dan-Varazmak</hi>
|
|||
|
|
„Varazmak of Don“?). The transition <hi rendition="#rend_italic">dan</hi> → <hi rendition="#rend_italic">don</hi> happened not earlier than
|
|||
|
|
in XIII—XIV c. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>256</biblScope></bibl>), when the Ossetic element was not
|
|||
|
|
massively represented in South Russia. This is why the <hi rendition="#rend_bold">Russian</hi> form
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3816e622" xml:id="mentioned_d3816e828" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>Don</w></mentioned> cannot be directly associated with modern Ossetic
|
|||
|
|
<hi rendition="#rend_italic">don</hi>. The vocalization <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ο</hi> in <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3816e628" xml:id="mentioned_d3816e833" xml:lang="ru"><w>Don</w></mentioned> probably represents a coomon Slavic transition <hi rendition="#rend_italic">а</hi>
|
|||
|
|
→ <hi rendition="#rend_italic">о</hi>. The coincidence of the meanings ‘river’ and ‘water’ in one word was not
|
|||
|
|
original for the Ossetic. The Scythian-Sarmatian names and terms retain traces
|
|||
|
|
of the Iranian <hi rendition="#rend_italic">āp</hi>- meaning ‘water’ (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope xml:lang="en">153 ff.</biblScope></bibl>). The
|
|||
|
|
same element is found in some Ossetic words: see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_avg"/> ‘glass’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æfsūrǧ"/> ‘ash
|
|||
|
|
solution’ etc., <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æxsærʒæn"/> (from *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">æf-særʒæn</hi>)
|
|||
|
|
‘waterfall’. Therefore, it can be argued that in the Scythian-Sarmatian times
|
|||
|
|
there were two words: <hi rendition="#rend_italic">āp</hi>- → <hi rendition="#rend_italic">af</hi>- → <hi rendition="#rend_italic">av</hi>- ‘water’ and <hi rendition="#rend_italic">dān</hi> ‘river’.
|
|||
|
|
Later, in conditions of life in the mountains of the Caucasus, where abundant
|
|||
|
|
mountain rivers serve as the only source of water, it could easily have merged
|
|||
|
|
the meanings of ‘river’ and ‘water’ in one word. Cf. other Caucasian languages:
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3816e642" xml:id="mentioned_d3816e848" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>cʼqali</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>water</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3816e651" xml:id="mentioned_d3816e856" xml:lang="ka"><w/>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>river</q></gloss></mentioned> (in the names <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3816e657" xml:id="mentioned_d3816e862" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>Cxenis cʼqali</w></mentioned> etc.), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3816e662" xml:id="mentioned_d3816e867" xml:lang="kbd"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>psə</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>river</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3816e670" xml:id="mentioned_d3816e875" xml:lang="kbd"><w/>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>water</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3816e676" xml:id="mentioned_d3816e881" xml:lang="x-vaynakh"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>xij</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>river</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3816e684" xml:id="mentioned_d3816e890" xml:lang="x-vaynakh"><w/>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>water</q></gloss></mentioned> etc. — Cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_dojny"/> ‘thirst’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_swadon"/>
|
|||
|
|
‘spring’.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/><biblScope>II 51</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/><biblScope>20</biblScope></bibl>. —
|
|||
|
|
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/><biblScope>36</biblScope></bibl>.— <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope xml:lang="en">19, 46, 162, 199, 235
|
|||
|
|
ff</biblScope></bibl>,— <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Arch._Or."/><biblScope>XXIV 42—44</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/><biblScope>175</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
|
|||
|
|
</entry>
|
|||
|
|
</body>
|
|||
|
|
</text>
|
|||
|
|
</TEI>
|