173 lines
13 KiB
XML
173 lines
13 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">gal</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
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<biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_gal" xml:lang="os">
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<form xml:id="form_d395e66" type="lemma"><orth>gal</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d395e69"><sense xml:id="sense_d395e70"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>бык</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>bull</q>
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</abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d395e79"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>вол</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>ox</q>
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</abv:tr></sense></sense>
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<re xml:id="re_d395e89">
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<form xml:id="form_d395e91" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>galwærdon</orth></form>
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<form xml:id="form_d395e94" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>galwærdun</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d395e97"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>воловья арба</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>bullock-cart</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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</re>
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<re xml:id="re_d395e108">
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<form xml:id="form_d395e110" type="lemma"><orth>galgæs</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d395e113"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>пастух быков</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>oxherd</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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</re>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d395e124">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d395e126">
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<quote>mæ guton, mæ galtæ mænæn dær cættæ</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>мой плуг, мои быки у меня готовы</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>my plough, my bulls are ready for me</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/><biblScope>14</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d395e145">
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<quote>gal ma næ fæxīzy axæm cʼæx kærdægyl?</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>почему бы быку не пастись на такой зеленой траве?</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>why don't the bull graze on such green grass?</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/><biblScope>75</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d395e164" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>duwwæ gali fæjjævtiǧta</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>он запряг двух быков</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>he harnessed two bulls</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/><biblScope>7%l2–3%l</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d395e186">
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<quote>wæjg˳ytæ naj kodtoj avd cædy (galtæj)</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>великаны молотили семью парами (быков)</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>giants were threshing with seven pairs of bulls</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Munk."/><biblScope>108</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d395e205" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>Agubekir rawæjæ kodta ew galwærdun æssonæn</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>Агубекир продал одну воловью арбу балкарцу</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>Agubekir sold one bullock-cart to a Balkar man</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_SD"/><biblScope>193%l2%l</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d395e228">
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<quote>dæ fos bīræ wa, galgæs!</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>да умножится твое стадо, пастух!</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>let your flock multiply, oxherd!</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/><biblScope>IV
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37</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Слово прослеживается в персидском, азербайджанском, дагестанских
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и картвельских языках: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d395e346" xml:id="mentioned_d395e251" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>kal</w>
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<gloss><q>буйвол</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d395e354" xml:id="mentioned_d395e259" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>kal</w>
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<gloss><q>бык</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Жуковский"/><biblScope>I 174, II 305</biblScope></bibl>),
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d395e366" xml:id="mentioned_d395e271" xml:lang="az"><lang/>
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<w>ḱal</w>
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<gloss><q>буйвол</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d395e279" xml:lang="dar"><lang/>
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<w>qäl</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="ru"> (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">кьял</hi>: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Дарг._сл."/></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d395e385" xml:id="mentioned_d395e290" xml:lang="lez"><lang/>
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<w>kal</w>
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<gloss><q>корова</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d395e393" xml:id="mentioned_d395e298" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
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<w>xari</w>
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<gloss><q>бык</q></gloss></mentioned> (для соответствия груз. <hi rendition="#rend_italic">х</hi> || ос.
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">g</hi> ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_gælir"/>). В осетинский слово вошло,
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вероятно, из кавказского субстрата. Ср. в этом отношении <ref type="xr" target="#entry_bæx"/> ‘лошадь’. Связывать с <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d395e405" xml:id="mentioned_d395e310" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>gavala-</w>
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<gloss><q>буйвол</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/><biblScope>II 51</biblScope></bibl>) или с
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d395e418" xml:id="mentioned_d395e323" xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
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<w>ga</w>
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<gloss><q>бык</q></gloss></mentioned> нельзя, так как ос. <hi rendition="#rend_italic">g</hi> не может
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восходить к иранскому <hi rendition="#rend_italic">g</hi>. Названия остальных домашних животных идут из
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иранского (см. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qūg"/> ‘корова’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fys"/> ‘овца’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wænyg"/>
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‘бычок’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wæss"/> ‘теленок’ и пр.).%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_MSt."/><biblScope>48</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">The word is traced in Persian, Azeri, Daghestanian and Kartvelian
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languages: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d395e251" xml:id="mentioned_d395e346" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>kal</w>
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<gloss><q>buffalo</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d395e259" xml:id="mentioned_d395e354" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>kal</w>
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<gloss><q>bull</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Жуковский"/><biblScope>I 174, II 305</biblScope></bibl>),
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d395e271" xml:id="mentioned_d395e366" xml:lang="az"><lang/>
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<w>ḱal</w>
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<gloss><q>buffalo</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d395e374" xml:lang="dar"><lang/>
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<w>qʼäl</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="en"> (Cyrillic <hi rendition="#rend_italic">кьял</hi>: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Дарг._сл."/></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d395e290" xml:id="mentioned_d395e385" xml:lang="lez"><lang/>
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<w>kal</w>
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<gloss><q>cow</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d395e298" xml:id="mentioned_d395e393" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
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<w>xari</w>
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<gloss><q>bull</q></gloss></mentioned> (for the correspondence between
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Georgian <hi rendition="#rend_italic">х</hi> || Ossetic <hi rendition="#rend_italic">g</hi> compare. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_gælir"/>). It probably entered Ossetic through Caucasian substrate. Compare in this
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respect <ref type="xr" target="#entry_bæx"/> ‘horse’. It is not possible to
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connect it with <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d395e310" xml:id="mentioned_d395e405" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>gavala-</w>
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<gloss><q>buffalo</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/><biblScope>II 51</biblScope></bibl>) or
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with <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d395e323" xml:id="mentioned_d395e418" xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
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<w>ga</w>
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<gloss><q>bull</q></gloss></mentioned>, since Ossetic <hi rendition="#rend_italic">g</hi> cannot be traced
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back to Iranian <hi rendition="#rend_italic">g</hi>. The names of other domestic animals come from Iranian
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(see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qūg"/> ‘cow’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fys"/> ‘sheep’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wænyg"/> ‘small
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bull’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wæss"/> ‘calf’ etc.).%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_MSt."/><biblScope>48</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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<note type="internal">OB: в дарг. у Абаева неправильный абруптив</note>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI>
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